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Ky artikull, shqyrton mënyrën se si pakicat etnike dhe gjuhësore, kërkojnë të drejtojnë çështjet e tyre të interesit, brenda kontekstit të strukturave politike dhe qeveritare të vendit. Artikulli, shqyrton marrëdhënien midis ndryshimeve në gjendjen e pakicës dhe ndryshimeve në mjetet specifike të përdorura nga këto grupe, kur kërkojnë drejtimin apo trajtimin e problemeve të tyre. Për këtë arsye, ne do të shohim dy vende të rëndësishme të Europës lindore Rumaninë dhe Ukrainën. Të dy vendet kanë pakica të rëndësishme etnike dhe gjuhësore. Megjithatë, gjendjet e ndryshme të secilit prej këtyre grupeve etnike, kanë prodhuar mjete mjaft të ndryshme me anë të të cilave çështjet etnike dhe gjuhësore janë sjellë në vëmendjen politike dhe qeveritare.
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Once the former USSR collapsed, countries like Ukraine have construed their own collective identity aiming to differentiate them from internal and external “others” in a nation building process. New territorial boundaries have been established over the mental ones, founding myths and heroes have been recovered or reinstated. This process looked successful for a while until a census unveiled a center-periphery cleavage formation. Meanwhile, Kiev’s centralizing policy had to face upheaval in the eastern part, and conflict is ongoing. Scholars have speculated mostly over ethnic and historical factors as well as Russia’s active involvement as main reasons for the shift in identity self-referencing of Donbas region’s inhabitants. This paper aims at examining this center-periphery cleavage formation from another standpoint: an internal political struggle between two regional clans that are still controlling the resources and hence hold political power in the so-called Donbas region from Eastern Ukraine. Without minimizing the influence of historical and ethnic factors, we posit that many eastern Ukrainians’ choice for identity self-referencing had shifted when their region started to decrease in terms of economic and political power on the central level. And the Donbas clans losing the central power control over fighting each other is along with historical and ethnic factors one of the main reasons for that.
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The paper offers a perspective on poverty related to basic, but also consumption deprivation of two rural communities in the North-East Region of Romania, while attempting at emphasizing the signals of extreme deprivation that may be representative for disadvantaged rural areas at regional level. In this respect, we conducted a questionnaire survey that was applied to the residents of these communities. The results showed that, within the severely material deprived members of such communities, a sub-grouping in terms of deprivation levels was still possible, offering the possibility of better identifying their specificity.
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The research results presented in the paper refer to the territorial, demographic and functional organization of Negotinska krajina which is, in many ways, specific area in north-eastern Serbia. The researched area is a complex territorial system according to its position, economical and demographic areal and functional development. Physical and geographical basis is no longer a limiting factor of the inner structure and functional differentiation of Krajina. The effect the basis has on the development of Krajina is double: direct and indirect. The direct effect that the natural elements (configuration, climate, water, biogeographical and pedological features) have on city and village location can be seen in the possibility of their territorial and functional spreading. The indirect effects are realized through influencing population position and economical resources and their evaluation.
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Spatial sustainability implies an integration of economic, social, environmental and cultural issues taking into account their territorial particularities. Through the nature of their formation, as part of multi-disciplinary teams, geographers are called to be part of the planning process. Furthermore, the law entitles them to coordinate specific plans. The paper examines in detail the involvement of geographers in the elaboration and coordination of urban and spatial plans, with a special emphasis on their spatial distribution and potential area of influence. The results of geostatistical analyses indicate that the distribution and influence of geographers are sparse and uneven, concentrating around large university centers.
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This paper presents a guided tour of significant natural and cultural landscapes along the Danube from springs to the sea, including those in Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. A cross view to Serbia is provided. Methods included field work and photographic survey, literature research not only in technical papers but also in works of art. The paper highlights which are the UNESCO World Heritage Sites and which is otherwise the protection status of the landscapes. In conclusion a variety of landscape typologies were analysed and set in the context of the definition of the term.
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The article deals with the problem of aging of the population of the Republic of Moldova. The structure and dynamics of the population of the country by main age groups as well as territorially are analyzed. The problem of population aging is highlighted in the Northern region of the republic, as the region where the highest rate of population aging is observed. The indicator analyzes the demographic load in the Republic of Moldova, including the Northern region.
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Systems emerge and develop according to objective laws that are uncovered by exploring massive amounts of information. In the field of invention, the possibilities for exploring anything new are considered and analysed with simple methods and with minimal errors. This is based on the objective laws of system development and contradiction (the improvement in one attribute irrefutably leads to deterioration in another). In terms of its methodology and theoretical-scientific underpinnings, the present paper draws on the comparative approach of works by contemporary domestic and foreign economists, on publications by specialists in the field, on technical and economic documentation, comments, periodicals and scientific articles.
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This paper presents the research whose aim was to investigate age-friendly urbanism characteristics and answer the question: Does managing the creation of age-friendly environments lead to sustainable development goals? Applying theoretical scientific methods like induction, deduction, analysis, classification, and description, a review of relevant scientific literature and legislative and strategic publications has been conducted. In addition to that, the case of the City of Osijek has been studied. The introduction of the paper presents aging and increased urbanization as two significant forces shaping living in the 21st century. Building onto those presumptions, age-friendly cities have been defined as those that foster healthy and active aging by enabling the more extraordinary functional ability for elderly citizens. The second chapter reveals characteristics of modern cities, emphasizing polycentricity to maintain humanity and functionality even in fast emerging megacities. Additionally, given the impact that increased urbanization has on sustainable development, the effect of sustainable development goals has been pointed out. The third chapter reviews the existing body of knowledge of age-friendly environments, encompassing municipal services, the social environment, and the physical environment. It also reflects on person-environment fit and elaborates the importance of the right to the city.
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The war had a devastating economic and social impact on the city of Vukovar. After the end of the war, urban regeneration began, both the city and the port, which had a vital role in the local economy. From an economic point of view, the war determined the closure of the most important factories, which had thousands of employees until the beginning of the conflict. The restoration of the city of Vukovar was based on the creation, in 2001, of the Fund for Reconstruction and Development by the Croatian government. The fund became operational in 2002 and aimed to provide loans, stimulate investment, and support collaboration with other public authorities and private companies. This paper follows the most important measures taken to support the urban regeneration of the city. It was also highlighted the impact of Croatia's accession to the European Union on the Vukovar projects.
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A university aspiring to transcend categorizations of thought and spirit of familiarity is, at the same time, a space which binds us and anchors, it is an area of struggle which imposes on us certain obligations, and finally, it is a place which reveals our safe space, even if we freely slip between concepts, methods, tools and goals. What would a university be without the experience of the land? A neutral structure and a global arena? Hubris of knowledge/universal power drawing up systemic plans? The land is the ground for building located reflection and a separate, autonomous core of the university. The oikological humanities are predestined to reflect upon such conceived land, especially since they do not cease to increase the concern for home and, at the same time, emphasize the persuasive thinking about it.
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This paper addresses the role that fear and doubts played in the author’s fieldwork during her doctoral research in southeast Mexico. The research – entitled “Dialogue of Knowledge for the Theoretical Rethinking of Ecological Restoration with a Biocultural Approach” and conducted under the auspices of The Center for Tropical Research at the Universidad Veracruzana – contains numerous authoethnographic elements and is dedicated to the conservation of the natural and biocultural heritage of the tropics in southeast Mexico. The research focused on the search for new perspectives and opportunities in the restoration of the biocultural landscape in the Totonacapan region of the state of Veracruz through the inclusion of the worldviews, knowledge, and traditional management practices of its indigenous inhabitants. The current paper aims to deepen the discussion and generalize on the subject through theories and methodologies that take into consideration personal experiences, as well as critical academic viewpoints situated at the outer limits of the Social sciences, humanities, and ecology, and which distance themselves from academic positions that are more colonial and extractivist in nature. The ongoing body of research is intended to convey a sense of both grief (e.g., over the loss of intellectual comfort when conducting research), and of hope for those who continue to address ecological challenges from an academic perspective, even when such work exposes oneself to new hazards and vulnerabilities.
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There are many works of fieldwork in anthropology. It is generally acknowledged as the major rite of passage for cultural and social anthropologists, a way to somehow feel and think like the indigenous people whom we study and whose stories we relate. It is the royal road to understanding others, comparable to Freud’s use of dreams as the royal road to the unconscious. These repressed thoughts, feelings, and wishes may never be made public or acknowledged even to one’s self. In fact, only after delving into the field notes of many anthropologists and discussing the issue with others, did I slowly come to realize the effect of the field work ideal on an individual anthropologist – the heroic anthropologist. I wish to focus here on but one aspect of the ideal model, namely, fear in all its form, from the physical fear of danger down to the fear of failure, of inadequacy. A search of writings on fieldwork, of cmethods or of similar works shows very little, if any mention of fear. The myth of the heroic anthropologist bravely going in search of truth and adventure still casts its spell on people.
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The aim of the article is to discuss the way of conceptualizing new methodologies related to the landscape studies and reflections on the place in contemporary humanities. The author presents and compares theoretical perspectives of research in the fields of aesthetics, cultural anthropology and humanistic geography, emphasizing the dynamics and processuality of the term “landscape” which combines elements of mediatic and material, natural and cultural, aesthetic and geographical. Landscape understood in this way requires overcoming thinking only in terms of verbal-visual representation (image, map) and perceiving it as a source of culture and society. Instead of distant perception, what is important is multisensory participation, the embodied experience of being in the world. Thus, the landscape comes close to the concept of “place,” but with the emphasis on its verbal form – the being and identity formation as well as the agency of a subject actively immersed in the environment in which creative and transformational processes are constantly ongoing.
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The article (research essay) approaches the abandoned places and the fallow lands as new important fieldwork of contemporary anthropology. Spaces, places, and lands that have been exploited and abandoned resemble weak signs and disappearing traces of human being in some specific terrain. On the other hand, anthropologic reflection on forgotten and abandoned human locations – apart from the fact that any kind of specific local history of ex-post place plays the role of a moderator of the memory of some concrete space – is also a kind of a memory book of human violence towards topography and nature. Special plots of the hypermodern subject-anthropos are raised within the specific constellation of points and traces of presence and absence and also of history and existence.
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Cieľom nášho príspevku je predstaviť potenciál územia Slovenska pre jeden z tradičných spôsobov trávenia voľného času na území bývalého Československa a významnú súčasť domáceho cestovného ruchu, ktorou je druhé bývanie. Príspevok sa venuje priestorovému rozmiestneniu objektov druhého bývania a vyčleneniu potenciálne vhodných oblastí pre druhé bývanie, s dôrazom na chalupárenie. Hoci si uvedomujeme zložitosť problematiky a nedokonalosť použitej metódy vyčlenenia tohto typu objektov individuálnej rekreácie, pri analýze vychádzame z údajov o domovom fonde, získaných zo Sčítania obyvateľov, domov a bytov v roku 2001, pričom pracujeme predovšetkým s kategóriou neobývané domy v jednotlivých obciach Slovenska. Okrem existencie samotných objektov do skúmanej problematiky vstupuje aj ďalší dôležitý aspekt druhého bývania, a tým je dostupnosť potenciálnych cieľových oblastí zo zdrojových oblastí rekreantov, ktorými sú predovšetkým obyvatelia väčších mestských sídiel. V neposlednom rade nemožno opomenúť aj ďalšie faktory rozvoja druhého bývania v ťažiskových oblastiach, ktorými sú najmä prírodné predpoklady, ale tiež možnosti rekreačných aktivít v oblastiach s koncentráciou objektov druhého bývania.
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The paper focuses on regional and geographic features of pro-poor growth in African countries. The concept of pro-poor growth interconnects and examines mutual relationships between income growth, income poverty and income inequality. Using the World Bank’s income data, we calculate and interpret indicators of pro-poor growth for individual African countries. Then we analyze the results in terms of African regionalization and we investigate possible associations between pro-poor growth categories and selected geographic factors such as location, population size or population density. We show that higher pro-poorness of growth is typical for countries of Northern and Western Africa. The results also indicate that some of the geographic factors are significantly associated with propoor growth across African countries.
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Within the development of new regional geography, the role of human geographic research in the study of regions is emphasized. Regional uniqueness, a consciousness of belonging to a particular region and regional identity also play an important role in the definition of regions. However, physical geography disciplines, e.g. geomorphology, can also contribute to the knowledge of these aspects with regard to the definition of regions. Currently, within the framework of geomorphology, attention is paid to the diversity of anthropogenic landforms. The knowledge and evaluation of these anthropogenic landforms, which are an important part of the historical elements of the landscape and are also referred to as cultural artefacts of the landscape, enables to supplement the cultural-historical values of the region and to specify the cultural identity of the region. On the example of sites – Staré Hradisko and Hostýn – we will present the specifics of secondary geodiversity with respect to the cultural identity of the sites.
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