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Includes abstracts of the papers presented in the research conference on constructions, economy of constructions, architecture, urbanism and territorial development, editions 1-4.
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Includes abstracts of the papers presented in the research conference on constructions, economy of constructions, architecture, urbanism and territorial development, 12th edition.
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Includes abstracts of the papers presented in the research conference on constructions, economy of constructions, architecture, urbanism and territorial development
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In the European Union, where predominantly rural areas and intermediate areas cover 90%, the development of these areas is treated as a priority. It concerns also countries that joined EU in the current century. Planning and introducing development policies require both the analysis of supported and transformed areas and gaining knowledge from other countries. experience. However, direct comparison of activities and their effects meets methodological problem . rural areas are defined according to various guidelines. It caused the necessity of using unified EU statistics, which does not include the specifics of particular countries. The aim of the article was to indicate the Definiowanie obszarów wiejskich w wybranych krajach UE differences in definitions of rural areas in the countries that joined EU after 2004 and to underline the need for new, more adequate universal definition.
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The article provides the analysis of the possibility of satisfying the needs in the access to the gas network, through urban-rural communes of the southern part of the kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeship, in the context of decision on land development conditions, in years 2009.2012. Indirectly, a state of the gas network were determined in studied area, in the context of the potential differences between towns and rural areas, in years 2003.2012. As a result of conducted analysis it was stated that optimum relation between settling-access to the gas network, is found in communes: Brześć Kujawski, Pakość and Janikowo.
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One of the important factors determining the public activity of the Galician Ruthenians (Ukrainians) after 1848 was the realization of the idea of educating the people. In the 1850-1860’s exclusively intellectuals were engaged in educational work; peasants and burghers were only recipients. At the time, the main attention was paid to the publication of educational literature for elementary schools and gymnasiums, as well as scientific, popular and religious lectures for intellectuals and common people. This was done by both private publishers and specially created non-gov0ernmental organizations such as the Russophile society Halytsko-Ruska Matytsia (since 1848) and the Ukrainophile society Prosvita (since 1868). Among the editions of Matytsia prevailing publications for the intelligentsia, Prosvita began its publishing activity mainly from small books for the common people.
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Review of: Eastern Europe Unmapped. Beyond Borders and Peripheries. Hrsg. von Irene Kacandes und Yuliya Komska. Berghahn Books. New York – Oxford 2017. VIII, 292 S., 6 Ill., 16 Kt. ISBN 978-1-78533-685-0. ($ 130,–.). Reviewed by Steven Seegel.
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As a result of the functioning of over 40 years of centrally controlled economy and ownership transformation processes, in many cities in their downtowns there are areas having long been function, which does not fit into the current market trends and conditions of spatial development. Most of them are areas of former state-owned enterprises and various types of manufacturing and service cooperatives, which have received the right of perpetual usufruct. Nowadays we are seeing increased market pressure in the direction of development of these areas by commercial entities, aiming to permanent change of the way to use of the property, which were cast in perpetual use for other purposes over 20 years ago. This situation usually generates the problem of changing the percentage rate of the annual fee for the perpetual usufruct. The article presents the possibility of the owner of such land in the investigation of lost profits resulting from a reduction in that rate.
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After 1990, the number of local public transport passengers has been systematically decreasing at the expense of individual transport, which led to an increase in traffic congestion and deterioration of air quality in cities. However, for the last few years, a reversal of this trend has been observed in some cities. The article, using the data on the present number and recent changes in the number of passengers in nearly 100 Polish cities, discusses regression models to explain the factors influencing the diversity of demand for public transport services and its dynamics. The independent variables of the model refer both to the characteristics of cities (their socio-economic environment) and the organisation of services (e.g. organisational and legal forms of local transport companies, tariff policies, etc.). The results show that the density of the public transport network is the most significant factor explaining variation of the demand, while the level of ticket prices is almost insignificant. Demand in the largest cities has also recently been on the increase, but the relationship between the demand and the population size of the city is not a linear one.
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The paper explores the general issue of how ancient and medieval peoples considered not to be ‘ancestors’ of modern nations are dealt with in academic and popular narratives created in different ideological environments in the 20th century. The case of the modern Romanian conceptual approaches to the ancient Greek inhabitants of the western shore of the Black Sea, particularly to those living in the city of Histria, is examined. These approaches are identified both in the academic works of the archaeologists who have directed excavations at the site since 1914, and in works for larger audiences, such as touristic guidebooks and school textbooks. The picture that emerges from this preliminary research of a rather limited amount of sources is that the West Pontic Greeks were generally perceived as foreigners in contact with the autochthonous Getae, ‘ancestors’ of the Romanians, according to the core of national ideology. Their status was ambiguous because, apart their foreignness, they were bearers of the highly appreciated Classical culture. Consequently, ideological approaches ranged from negative views that portrayed them as perilous exploiters of the locals to positive views that either emphasized their benign influence over the Getae or nationalistically appropriated their cultural achievements. Neutral academic approaches and quasi-complete popular ignorance in favor of the Getae and the Romans are also documented.
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The existing, largely heterogeneous, religious and ethnic image of Montenegro is a result of profound transformations that have occurred on its territory over the past thousand years. The early medieval Principality of Duklja, with its backbone on contemporary Montenegrin soil, belonged to the Catholic sphere during and after the Schism of 1054. The same was true of neighbouring principalities of Travunia and Zahumlje, which were under the rule of Duklja for much of the 11th and 12th centuries. The metropolis of Bar played the role of the religious centre of the Principality of Duklja, which later became a kingdom. It was also the political pillar of the Vojislavljević dynasty. At the end of the 12th century, the former Duklja, Travunia, and Zahumlje came under the rule of Serbia, whose Orthodox church organisation acquired independent status in 1219. On the other hand, the Archbishoprics of Žiča and Peć, the latter subsequently becoming a patriarchate, were political backbones of the Serbian dynasty of Nemanjić. Since it was a period of sharp polarisation between Catholicism and Orthodoxy, the population of Duklja and Zahumlje were almost completely con¬verted to Orthodoxy under Serbian rule. Coastal cities were a significant exception. For practical reasons, they were allowed to keep their autonomous status, including Catholicism. Under the influence of the Republic of Ragusa, Croatia, Bosnia, and the Franciscan Order, Catholicism was partially restored in the western parts of former Zahumlje and some coastal regions of Travunia. However, among the Slavic population of present-day Montenegro, Catholicism persisted only in coastal centres and in part of the settlements that gravitated towards them. Following the disintegration of the Serbian state, largely driven by the Ottoman invasions of the Balkans, as well as the period of change of different state authorities, the coastal areas of Montenegro came under the rule of the Venetian Republic largely during the first half of the 15th century. Subsequent Ottoman conquests reduced the Venetian coastal possessions to tiny, mutually separated enclaves within which Catholics and Orthodox continued to co-exist mostly harmoniously. Throughout the rest of the coast, suffering further losses, this time under the Ottomans, Catholicism was maintained among a minor part of the Slavic population occupying the area surrounding Bar. Further changes in the religious and ethnic image of Montenegro took place under the Ottoman influence. By breaking into certain border areas, Albanians established their definite domination already at the end of the Middle Ages. Furthermore, the mass Islamisation of the Albanian Catholic population encouraged similar processes in the Slavic neighbourhood. Together with neighbouring Herzegovina and northern Albania, Montenegro became a demographic source of mass migration to neighbouring, war-depopulated areas. Among other destinations, migration was directed towards the present-day Sandžak, which was continuously settled by the Montenegrin Orthodox and Muslim population. However, the most far-reaching phenomenon was the formation of sub-Lovćen Montenegro. Having expanded and acquired state capacity, its Orthodox population established a special form of self-awareness. The ethnic differentiation of the Slavic population of Montenegro was closely linked to the religious one. Catholics were firmly oriented towards the West, which was further encouraged mainly by the prevalence of Orthodoxy but also Islam. This orientation, among other things, led to socio-cultural integration into the broader ethnic entity that shared their language and religion and became recognised as Croatian during the processes of nation formation. Since the distinct existence of Orthodoxy complied with the goals of the Serbian dynasty and state since its initiation, certain forms of Serbian proto-national awareness were conceived early among the Montenegrin Orthodox. Over time, it was challenged by the idea of Montenegrin ethnic state. This caused a break in the identity of the Montenegrin Orthodox, which con¬tinues to preclude their final national self-determination. As holders of the Ottoman- Islamic state concept, the Slavic Muslim population of Montenegro was historically strongly distanced from Christian fellow countrymen speaking the same language. At the same time, they identified with the rest of the Slavic Muslim population, most¬ly concentrated in Bosnia, which finally enabled their co-existence with the Bosniak national construct. Given the extreme complexity of the religious and ethnic image of Montenegro and the processes that shaped it, it is expected to raise many important research questions. The attached paper focusses on one of them. Almost the entire area of intertwined relations between Slavic Catholics (Croats) and Orthodox (Serbs/ Montenegrins) was located in the part of the Montenegrin coast that defended itself against the Ottoman invasions during the Venetian rule (eastern Boka Kotorska, the town of Budva, Paštrovići), that is, the part that was liberated from the Ottomans at the turn of the 17th century (western Boka Kotorska, the mountain range of Orjen in its hinterland, Grbalj, the immediate surroundings of Budva). During the subsequent second Austrian rule (1814–1918) the mentioned areas were parts of the Kingdom of Dalmatia and in 1878 they were joined Spič, a part of the Ottoman Catholic–Orthodox zone west of Bar. Since the centre of the whole area was located in the Bay of Kotor, together with Boka, it was also known under the name of Boka Kotorska in the narrow sense. Despite centuries of interaction between Catholics and Orthodox on the ground of Boka, the first comprehensive data which may be analysed to provide a numerical insight into their religious–ethnic relations were obtained from Austrian censuses conducted from the second half of the 19th century. However, until the end of that century, those censuses did not allow for a more accurate image of the ethnic features of Boka and (much of) its settlements. The first to make this possible is the 1900 census. Therefore, by analysing the data provided by that census, the enclosed paper attempts to specify in numerical terms the ethnic relations between Croats and Serbs/Montenegrins on the territory of Boka Kotorska, including all its settlements. More precisely, the paper deals with the territory of Kotor district, which included Boka Kotorska at the time. According to available insights, within Kotor district, which occupied 673.79 km², there were 34,115 inhabitants in 1900, of which 9,565 or 28% were Croats and 23,746 or 69.6% were Serbs/Montenegrins. There were significant ethnic differences between certain parts of the said district. The mountainous regions of Orjen, inhabited by the Krivošije tribe, were almost completely homogeneous. The area of approximately 200 km² was settled by 2,235 inhabitants, of which 42 or 1.9% were Croats, mostly immigrants, while 2,187 or 97.9% were Serbs/Montenegrins. The situation was similar in the coastal area between Kotor and eastern Spič (Grbalj municipality /without Lješević/, Budva and its immediate surroundings, Paštrovići and three homogeneous Serbian/Montenegrin settlements in the western part of Spič municipality). The area of approximately 210 km2 was occupied by 9,427 inhabitants, of which 368 or 3.9% were Croats and 9,012 or 95.6% were Serbs/Montenegrins. Within that area, Croats lived as indigenous population only in the town of Budva (301) and as a small minority in Kastel Lastva, which was subsequently renamed Petrovac na Moru (21). Boka Kotorska was ethnically heterogeneous in the narrow sense. This applied to the coastal areas of the bay as well as those that were not by located the sea but gravitated towards the Boka coast. The narrow area of Boka occupying approximately 230 km² was inhabited by 21,473 people, of which 8,332 or 38.8% were Croats and 12,390 or 57.7% Serbs/Montenegrins. There was a noticeable difference between the western part of Boka, which had once belonged to the Ottoman Empire, and the eastern part, which used to be under the Venetian Republic. In 1900 the former Ottoman Boka was inhabited by 9,879 people, of which 1,190 or 12.1% were Croats while 8,438 or 85.4% were Serbs/Montenegrins. The area of former Venetian Boka had 11,594 inhabitants, of whom 7,142 or 61.6% were Croats and 3,952 or 34.1% were Serbs/Montenegrins. This formerly Venetian part also consisted of two separate, more or less homogeneous, ethnic entities. One was predominantly Croatian, with 9,458 inhabitants, of whom 7,023 or 74.3% were Croats and 1,935 or 20.5% were Serbs/Montenegrins (many settlements on the Vrmac peninsula/mountain, a part of the sub-Lovćen coastal area, and the towns of Perast, Strp-Lipci, Kostanjica, Đurići, Krašići). The predominantly Serbian/Montenegrin majority counted 2,136 inhabitants; 119 or 5.6% of Croats and 2,017 or 94.4% of Serbs/Montenegrins (Luštica without Krašići, Krtole, Lješevići) Particularly interesting was eastern Spič, occupied by 980 inhabitants, of which 823 or 84% were Croats and 157 or 16% were Serbs/Montenegrins. Eastern Spič should essentially be considered in the context of the remaining Bar coast, which belonged to the Principality of Montenegro at the time. It should be noted that this Montenegrin part of the Bar coast was distinguished not only by the presence of the Croatian and Montenegrin population but also by a strong representation of the Bosniak community. As already pointed out, although relatively homogeneous ethnic entities existed within the Kotor district, including the mentioned entity between Kotor and eastern Spič, precisely its ethnic features, together with those of the immediate surroundings of Bar, allowed the total coastal area between Herceg-Novi and Bar to be perceived as a space of exchange between Croats and Serbs/Montenegrins. The area of Boka Kotorska is one in a series of localities where a heterogeneous ethnic image was historically formed. Such regions are particularly interesting to re¬searchers since the complex ethnic image could only emerge from complex political and social processes. The paper aimed at reconstructing that image according to the results available from the 1900 census. The study focussed on data relating to distinc¬tiveness that providing a basic insight into its features. Such phenomena certainly need to be addressed, as well as the processes they caused. They primarily fostered a special social climate in which one had to pay attention to differences and know how to co-exist with them. The entire Montenegrin coast has extensive experience in this regard. Many problems arose from this experience. Some of them were self-imposed or constituted reflections from the wider social scene or were imported by the immigration of individuals with different cultural and political sensibilities. The fact remains that, even during the worst temptations experienced in the area, despite all the differences and regardless of religion and variable historical conditions, the population of Boka has preserved the ability to co-exist. Although the “set of circumstances” played a role in this, such development was not undermined by the distinctive flexibility of the Montenegrin coastal population, regardless of religion. It manifested itself through centuries of mutual interaction and multiple social ties, including familial ones. This positive heritage and the culture that produced it should also be attributed due importance. Finally, the meaning of Catholicism and Orthodoxy was perhaps best manifested exactly at that level.
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The objective of the paper is to evaluate a public consultation under a procedure for environmental impact assessment of an extension and alteration project of a palace in Kijany, municipality of Spiczyn, Lubelskie Voivodeship, eastern Poland. An evaluation questionnaire survey was developed to acquire reliable information about consultation meetings under the procedure that mainly involved residents of the municipality of Spiczyn and environmental organisations. The questionnaire survey was conducted in March and April 2019 and involved 45 respondents. Most of them evaluated positively the public consultation. What they found most important was the clear presentation of legal, financial, economic, and environmental aspects of the project. The respondents believed the equal treatment of participants of the meetings regardless of their position to be a great advantage.
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The world nowadays is growing mainly in the big cities, and the urbanization is considered one of the most important macroeconomic in twenty-first century. Cities, especially the biggest ones, currently play a key role in economic and social development of countries or regions. According to international regulations, the cities should be managed in such a way as to maintain their productivity, rationally manage resources and improve living conditions. On the development of the city is affected by geographical, economic factors, demographics, social aspects, but also legal factors and political, which to some extent determine the prestige and security of the area. However, an important role in improving the residents of existence is to provide living conditions by allowing the purchase of your own apartment or house. To this end, municipalities should increase the availability of resources of real estate primarily for people who for financial reasons cannot afford to buy their own homes. This paper aims to analyze the role played by management of space in regional development of the area.
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The text aims at showing the relationship between geography and literature in Latin America. It analyses the changing meaning of literary images of nature and space – starting with Columbus accounts of discovery through colonial times, the period of the region's emerging independence, to the 21st century, emphasizing their role within processes of consolidation of states and national identity building. The author also points to direct and indirect relations between the world of literature and geography treated as a research discipline and its institutions.
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This volume presents different issues related to sustainable development shown within the context of globalization. A collection of selected texts discusses various theories of development, sustainability, and spatial, industrial and social policies. Most of the articles are devoted to the development of various Colombian regions.The idea of globalization brings us several images related to both professional and daily life, as well as, in general, social, political and spatial organization. The manifestations of globalization in each region and in each place are not the same and depend on a number of environmental, economic, social, political, cultural, etc. actors. Sustainable development within the context of globalization shows several faces and several alternatives of development paths within the local and regional context. This publication is the result of collaboration of the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies of University of Warsaw, Poland with the University of Manizales, Colombia.
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The real estate management of public entities . municipal assets or the port’s properties is carried out under separate legislation. It is important to identify the differences and similarities in the management of public real estate assets held for various public purposes. The study exposes internal and external factors responsible for the nature of the various processes, resource management and assessment of the procedures enabled the management of public property. The ports are located in areas of local government units. These are the entities that have the right to manage their real estate. Seaports Management Boards, as property management port operators perform tasks delegated to perform under the law including in particular the law on ports and harbors. This law recognizes property management as important field of activity of the managing body. This task requires the extensive system of recording real estate held, the current resource management and conduct procedures to acquire and dispose of the real estate. The local government units also carry out tasks that make up the usual property management, and real estate management pursuant to the Act on Real Estate Management (uogn). The specific objective of the paper was to identify the similarities the performance of the entities are competent and exposure differences arising by law. The results of the analysis showed the need of real estate resource management system, and in particular the procedures of the current and prospective real estate management. On the basis of the focus study authors pointed the common directions of sustainable management of the port facilities and municipal real estate.
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Within a multidisciplinary anthropological study on the population structure of Middle Dalmatian islands, the extent of linguistic microdifferentiation has been analyzed in 45 villages ofthis region. Through the analysis of basic vocabulary the differences and/or similarities between the settlements are determined at the level of contemporary Croatian dialects, subdialects and local speeches. The estimated linguistic distances are discussed in view of known population migration throughout history.
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In recent years, research of defence structures, including modern fortifications, has been advanced by the possibility of verification and documentation of historic structures with the use of aerial laser scanning (ALS). The potential of those state-of-the-art methods is more and more often noticed in literature. Literature focuses so far on permanent fortifi cations and bases on generally known processing methods and visualisations of geodata, such as hill-shading. Thus, worth stressing is the potential and functionalities of ALS for research of field fortifications or destroyed, levelled and barely visible parts of military fortifications. With reference to research methodology, this article stresses the importance and potential not only of spatial analyses and ALS data, but also of their processing methods and of visualisations. The latter two, available in different formats, introduce a new element in the recognition, interpretation and documentation of modern defence structures. A separate aim of this article is to draw attention to growing possibilities of the analysed technology, especially to the so called fourth dimension – registration and analysis of the intensity of reflected laser radiation. The article analyses primarily chosen aspects of methodology connected with research and documentation of modern historic structures, based on laser scanning. It also stresses the efficacy of modern remote sensing technologies for research and protection of heritage, focusing on several important issues connected with the quality of data, their processing, analysis and interpretation and well as on the characteristic environment in which military structures are found – forested areas. Practice and experience acquired so far indicate that after an introductory period of implementing such methods, certain problems connected with the acquisition of data should be pointed out, along with several important research postulates connected with the usage and improvement of hitherto applied research practice. Th e article consists of four main sections: introduction, a section devoted to historic fortifications, technology of laser scanning and different kinds of data processing, and summary. The subject matter is referred to in the light of literature and of own research results, which include analyses of fortifications from the vicinity of Pakosław in Mazovia and of the Srebrna Góra Fortress in Lower Silesia. Research work funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education under the “National Programme for the Development of Humanities” in 2012–2015.
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The requirements of the time, the growth of the settlements parallel to the increasing population, the efficient provision of public services, necessitate changes in the administrative system. In cities with increasing population, lack of coordination between local administrations causes problems such as disruption of services and waste of resources. New metropolitan municipalities have been established in our country with the idea that services will be carried out from a single center, coordination between local administrations will be strengthened, service quality will be increased and unit cost will be reduced. One of them is Tekirdağ metropolitan municipality, which was established in 2012 with the metropolitan law 6360. The number of districts has increased from 9 to 11 by the establishment of Süleymanpaşa in the central district, Kapaklı in Çerkezköy district and Ergene in Çorlu district. The developing industry and its location characteristics are effective in the migration of the province and the increase of the population.
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The green information systems (green IS) address the demand for information about green spaces in both urban and non-urbanized areas. This systems are part of green infrastructure (GI) and National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). GI are very important for the urban environment, and it improves the quality of life. There are various types of urban greenery. The green IS can support the management, maintenance, monitoring, protection and revitalization of urban greenery and all GI. This systems contribute to the sustainable development of urban areas, the development of smart and green cities and spatially enabled societies where community members are involved in local projects. In Poland, few cities have so far taken the effort to create a green IS due to the costs of starting and maintaining the system. Municipalities give up the creation of this system because it is not a good first necessity. However, green infrastructure is developing in Poland and there is a strong demand for green IS for easier GI management. Therefore, the aim of the research was to identify various determinants (factors) that may affect the development of green IS in Poland. Analysis of determinants is necessary and important from the point of view of knowledge of mechanisms affecting the development of green IS and may be useful to develop a strategy for further activities promoting the creation of green IS in all cities in Poland. The research results provided the basis for distinguishing groups of impact factors due to their specificity and showed which instruments are applied to them taking into account global and local initiatives.
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