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İklim değişikliğinin buzullar üzerine olan estetiği (Baykal Gölü, İzlanda ve Grönland örneği)

Author(s): Yoong Wah Alex Wong / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2021

Climate change is the major pressing environmental topic in the world. This article’s primary concern is to illuminate, investigate, and verify the aesthetics of climate change, focusing on the fragile world of disappearing ice, especially the apace melting glaciers in the world. By closely observing the ice changes, tracks, and trails, the aesthetics of ice formation, transformation, and vanishing ice in different corners of the world leave us further evidence of the effects of melting ice. Currently, many people are concerned and affected by the vast spread of the contagious virus around the world. Nonetheless, extreme weather and climate change are what we should worry about most since such irreversible phenomena can devastate millions of people’s lives instantly. The lack of initiatives, efforts and ignorance behaviours of country leaders’ in the climate change resolution directly expose us to these threats, unprotected. This visual research affirms the importance of glaciers. It showcases the irreversible effects and the aesthetics of vanishing glaciers and icebergs’— a world of shrinking ice sheets we have never encountered before.

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Seismicity in Yemen and the Gulf of Aden in a geological context.

Author(s): Polina Lemenkova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The study presents geologic investigation of Yemen and the Gulf of Aden with a special focus on geophysical, seismic, tectonic and topographic mapping performed by the integrated approach of QGIS and GMT scripting. Cartographic visualization is crucial in geologic analysis, data processing and prognosis of mineral resource prospects. The region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden was formed as a result of Arabian and African plates movements and still tectonically active. Besides, the Gulf of Aden contains mineral resources of hydrocarbons which makes this region actual for investigation. The IRIS database on earthquakes was used for visualization of the magnitude of submarine earthquakes in the Gulf of Aden for the period of 2007-2020. The paper presents 6 new thematic maps for the region of Yemen and Gulf of Aden. The research presented an analysis of correlation between the geological, topographic and geophysical settings. Through combined approach of cartographic high-resolution data visualization and geologic analysis, this paper contributed to the regional geological studies of Yemen, Gulf of Aden and the Middle East.

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Zastosowanie metody ankietowej w badaniach fizycznogeograficznych: kwantyfikacja kulturowych świadczeń ekosystemowych w gminie Kowal

Author(s): Daniel Przybyszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2020

The main purpose of the article is to determine the value of the survey method in physical and geographical research. Whereas the subordinate goal – an attempt to explore cultural ecosystem services. The research covered the Kowal commune, located in the south-eastern part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. The main goal was achieved by testing and determining the degree of usability of the survey method in the study of cultural ecosystem services. The conducted social survey concerned opinions on the values of the natural environment and recreational value in the municipality of Kowal. These values define the groups and classes of specific cultural services. When analyzing the results obtained from questionnaires, an assessment was made of the selection of respondents in terms of their relationship with the region and refer to their responses about the state of the environment of the area. The use of the questionnaire method in research and quantification of cultural services is the most frequently used method, which gives good opportunities for assessing and impact on the environment.

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Sharing (Out) Democracy. On the Democratic Injunction for Climate Justice

Author(s): Aleksander Kopka / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

In my paper, I offer a synthesis of several approaches to the question of democracy and interpretations of the notion of sharing (out). By gathering the voices of such thinkers as Luce Irigaray, Jacques Derrida, and Jean-Luc Nancy, I argue that truly democratic policies must be thought in terms of sharing (out) and inspired by an insaturable justice. However, as I evidence, democracy cannot be considered apart from the question of climate crisis or our relations to non-human others and the natural environment. Eventually, I come to the conclusion that what those vibrant voices have in common is an emphasis on the question of responsibility for other living beings, affirmation of the singularity of every living being, and deep distrust of capitalist imperialism.

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THE UN AGENDA 2030 AND THE CLIMAT E-SECURITY NEXUS IN AFRICA

Author(s): Daniel Silander / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

There is a growing bulk of studies on global climate changes and conflicts. It has been argued that climate change may be a triggering factor to conflicts and wars, especially in societies with poor governance. This study explores the climate-security nexus in Africa. It is argued that the global climate change provides profound state and human security challenges to African governments and people. Scarcity of vital resources in food, water, sanitation and health has challenged political and economic structures, infrastructure and integration. This has also been due to poorly governed states with authoritarianism, corruption, ethnic divisions and fragile, dysfunctional institutions. The war in Darfur is a tragic, but illustrative example of the climate change-security nexus of our time.

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DRAGA ZAVRATNICA - A NE "FJORD"

Author(s): Srećko Božičević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2002

Iako iskreno vjerujem da naši čitatelji sigurno znadu za točnost naslova mog priloga, ali i njih - koji svojim mogućnostima mogu utjecati na "mjerodavne" - kao i druge kojima će po raznim školama ili čitaonicama i knjižnicama ovaj Senjski zbornik doći do ruke, želim još jednom upozoriti na ovu našu prirodnu rijetkost uz Jadransku obalu i na činjenicu prečestog pogrješnog navođenja!

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Problem uznania migrantów klimatycznych przez system prawa międzynarodowego publicznego – sprawa Teitiota v The Chief Executive of Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment

Author(s): Marta Ćmikiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 50/2020

The constantly growing range of the effects of climate change annually results in deterioration of living conditions of many people, even eliminating the possibility of further inhabitation of certain areas and forcing their residents to flee. In the most severe cases, mitigation or adaptation measures in changing circumstances may not be sufficient and migration may be the only solution. The legality of such migration may be a condition to obtain protection within the borders of the host country. The case that is a subject of this article concerns the Kiribati citizen who was trying to obtain a “climate refugee status”, but he was refused to grant such protection since he was not fulfilling the conditions under the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951. The purpose of the article is to analyse a wide range of possibilities to obtain

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Prawa człowieka a zmiany klimatu – perspektywa Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych

Author(s): Przemysław Siwior / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2020

This article aims to analyse the UN acquis in the area of climate change and human rights and the inclusion of provisions on human rights in international agreements on climate change adopted within the UN. For this purpose, the utmost attention is given to the Human Rights Council resolutions on climate change and human rights adopted between 2008–2016 and the Paris Agreement. The Author of the article concludes that the Paris Agreement constitutes a step forward towards the promotion of the inclusion of provisions on human rights in international agreements on climate change. However, its provisions on human rights contained in the preamble are mostly vague. Further negotiations are necessary to give precise, concrete meaning to the purposes set out therein. Most notably, steps are necessary to ensure that international funding for mitigation projects does not lead to projects without adequate human rights safeguards. As so far its direct impact on the protection of human rights in climate action seems very limited.

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FRANCE AS THE 2ND LARGEST OCEAN POWER – LEGAL CONNOTATION OF OCEAN CHANGE TO THE FRENCH STATE

Author(s): Joanna Siekiera / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2020

France, being one of the largest economies and the most influential states both in the European Union and globally, remains the ocean power. Despite the fact that the colonial metropolises do not exist anymore, since the United Nation Special Committee on Decolonization does not de facto function anymore, France keeps its overseas territories. Only in the Pacific region the French State governs French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and Wallis and Futuna. French overseas collectivities in the Indo-Pacific region are considered by Paris as geostrategic area. It comes from the fact of the enormous maritime territories. 93% of the French Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) are located in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The region itself is home to 1.5 million French people, and 8,000 soldiers stationed in the region. After the shift of global pivot from the Euro-Atlantic to the Pacific, the area became also a strategical and global economy’s centre of gravity. In addition, the maritime trade routes linking Europe and the Persian Gulf, through the Indian Ocean and South-East Asia, to the Pacific Ocean, have become essential for global economy and security. Ocean change in turn is now the biggest threat facing humanity, especially those living on islands and in delta countries. The predicted and expected (sometimes already observed) loss of territory, and thus sovereignty of the submerged states is yet the problem especially in the Pacific. France, being the 2nd largest ocean power, following the USA, is aware of downsizing of EEZs and possible political tensions between Paris and its collectivities.

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“Down Beside Where the Waters Flow”. Reclaiming Rivers for American Studies (Introduction)

Author(s): Manilo Della Marca,Uwe Lübken / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Over the past three decades, rivers have become a fascinating and popular subject of scholarly interest, not only in the field of environmental history, where river histories have developed into a distinct subgenre (Schönach 2017; Evenden 2018), but also in the emerging field of environmental humanities. In this scholarship, rivers have often been reconceptualized as socio-natural sites where human and non-human actors interact with the natural world, generating complex legacies, path dependencies, and feedback loops (Winiwarter and Schmid 2008). Furthermore, rivers have been described as hybrid “organic machines,” whose energy has been utilized by humans in many different ways, including the harvesting of both hydropower and salmon (White 1995).

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Suriyeli Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Bilgiler Algısının Çiz-Yaz-Anlat Tekniği ile İncelenmesi

Author(s): Özkan Akman,Hüsameddin Ekinci / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Spec. Iss./2021

This education is researched by plane-write-tell the social studies researches of school schools. This research consists of 100 Syrian secondary school students randomly selected from public schools in Gaziantep city center and Şahinbey district center in the 2020-2021 academic year. Content analysis method was used in the analysis of the data. The research was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, in order to reveal the social studies perceptions of Syrian Secondary School students, the students were asked to draw five pencil drawings that came to mind when they said social studies. In the second stage of the research, students were asked to choose a drawing that they most associate with social studies among these five drawings and write the reasons why they chose this drawing. At the last stage of the research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 students selected on a voluntary basis. It was determined that history, human geography and physical geography themes were most associated with social studies in student drawings at the last stage. It was also determined that the students had a positive attitude towards social information.

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Graphic Global Weirding Scenarios for Asean’s Capital Cities

Author(s): Mark Stephan Felix,Alan MARSHALL,Kanang KANTAMATURAPOJ,Nanthawan Kaenkaew / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

What is the future of the ten ASEAN capitals? This article speculates upon how to answer this question by drawing on evidence of the advancing global weirding of the world’s ecology (especially as influenced by climate change) to outline ten diverse, graphically illustrated, scenarios for the ten capital cities of ASEAN (Association of South East Asian Nations). The varying, and often unique, sociopolitical background of each of these undertheorized urban settings, from Bandar Seri Begawan in Brunei to Vientiane in Laos, is subjected to imagined eco-catastrophic futures based upon the weird science now effusing from ecology, climatology and sustainability studies. This condition of global weirding is set to radically change the urban environments of these ten capitals. This stands in stark contrast to the strong desire by most of ASEAN governments to keep the socio-political structures of their nations from changing at all, which in turn, only exacerbates global weirding and its impacts. Each ASEAN urban future scenario presented here ends up being quite peculiar, horrific, radical, and awful. In that sense, they act as a warning for residents/leaders/theorists of these cities regarding their impending future if no proper form of socio-political or economic changes are entertained.

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The Weirdness of Hyperobjects

Author(s): Stefan Jenkins / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Global weirding, a phrase coined by Hunter Lovins and popularised by Thomas Friedman, has garnered a modicum of prominence since its popularisation in the late 2000s. It was coined as a replacement for global warming, with the abnormal effects of climate change foregrounded. When conceiving the concept of the ‘hyperobject’, Timothy Morton uses global warming specifically as one of his key examples. However, as the vernacular for referring to climate change has been updated, it seems prudent to examine the hyperobject again. When writing on the topic of hyperobjects, Morton does describe them as being ‘weird’. This article will determine whether hyperobjects exhibit properties similar to the weird and therefore determine how far hyperobjects can be considered truly weird, in order to evaluate whether it is an apt description or not. The weird originates from Weird Fiction, an early 20th century pulp genre. One of the most renowned authors of weird fiction was H. P. Lovecraft, whose theories of the weird have influenced other authors and academics, such as Mark Fisher, for decades. In recent years a new wave of the weird, called the New Weird, has emerged and updated theories of the weird once again. This article will use Lovecraft’s and Fisher’s theories and definitions of the weird as well as examples from the weird canon, and compare them to the concept of the hyperobject, evaluating how far the properties of the hyperobject can be considered weird.

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The Definition and the Issue of Climate Refugees in the Light of International Law

Author(s): Sylwia Leszczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

As the problem of global warming and subsequent climate change becomes more and more pronounced, causing a lot of difficulties for the communities all over the world, and for the whole humankind as well, the need to focus on some of the aspects of such state off affairs arises among researchers and in the political discourse. Some of the problems that sprung out of the changes in our environment create the need for a new legal solutions, or the need to at least redefine the ones that are already set in place. One of such problems is the phenomenon of „climate refugees”. Droughts, food insecurity, degradation of drinking water, rising sea levels, storm surges and infectious diseases, all of which could be linked (directly or indirectly) to the changes brought about by the global warming and all of those can be reasons that could force people out of their habitual homes in search of better living conditions, and even due to the need to save their health and life. Having that in mind, this article raises the issue of so called climate refugees, people displaced due to the negative changes taking place in the environment, which, based on scientific reports, may be related to the negative impact of a human activity, both of sudden and long-term occurrence. The text presents proposals for defining the discussed phenomenon and addresses the issue of the lack of an appropriate legal framework regulating the discussed topic in the UN and on the EU level.

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Economic models to evaluate energy costs: Are externalities and energy accounting the answer?

Author(s): Les Duckers,Tom Rogers / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Aim: In the context of climate change this paper explores the value of models for evaluating energy costs by considering energy accounting and externalities instead of capitalistic economics. Research methods: We test the hypothesis that the conventional economic model of the energy market can lead to inappropriate choices, and that those choices may be environmentally damaging. We examine energy accounting (energy return on energy investment), embodied energy and the incorporation of external costs as more valuable economic models. Findings: This paper reviews existing economic tools and examines modifications, which, when applied to energy provision or efficiency and conservation of energy applications, may give more accurate information about investment, return and environmental damage. Energy accounting of schemes should be a preliminary requirement for all proposed energy schemes. Externalities are less readily applied, but as the costs associated with renewable energy are becoming competitive in conventional economic terms, they are less valuable than energy accounting. Value of the paper: The paper concludes that a preliminary assessment of a proposed energy scheme should be undertaken using energy accounting and external costs to determine the true energy value. These models could be used to select the best environmental option. Indeed “energy uneconomic” schemes, which cost more energy than they deliver, should be abandoned in order to avoid unnecessary environmental damage. After this process, legislation and fiscal measures such as taxes and incentives could be applied to satisfy social and political imperatives. Examples of energy accounting in insulation and consideration of external costs in a proposed strategy to replace fossil-fuelled electrical generation in Indonesia are included in the paper. Limitations: We have not considered the serious question of finite fossil fuel resources and feel that this would be a profitable line of research.

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Gry dydaktyczne – gamifikacja w edukacji środowiskowej

Author(s): Danuta Cichy,Elżbieta Buchcic / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The article points out contemporary environmental problems, the progressing climate catastrophe and more effective methods of shaping attitudes concerning appropriate activities in the natural environment. The basis of the proposed methods are didactic games, based on information technology in integration with the natural environment. Information technology has developed so much in our times that even the youngest children use multimedia devices. But they are not always used for learning, and sometimes shape the wrong attitudes. However, when used in an appropriate way, they can help to influence the effectiveness of environmental education to a decisive degree.

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Remodelarea securității naționale și europene în contextul crizei COVID-19

Author(s): Natea Mihaela Daciana,Anitei Mihai Daniel / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2020

The COVID-19 crisis, undoubtedly, raised a series of questions concerning aspects of national and human security. The crisis impact, per se, tested, in extremis, the medical systems and the political capacity to take swift decisions needed to protect the population. It is a general accepted thesis that the world will face a second wave of effects: economic and systemic. Regarding the last aspect, the current international system is constructed around many principles among them, relevant for our research are, global governance and national sovereignty. The manner in which the two concepts operate was tested during the pandemic. On one hand the international system of global governance failed to ensure a higher level of human security when facing a crisis. On the other hand, states were left to tackle the effects of the pandemic, more or less alone, as the entire international system was paralyzed. In this context state had to turn to classic concepts of national security, egocentric and protectionist, but needed to ensure one of its fundamental functions – providing the security of its citizens. As others crisis are expected to unfold in a domino like effect, redefining national security will be essential for states and regional organizations. But in this process decisions could collide with assumed international obligations. In this context the article explores this impact of the COVID 19 over the how states define their national security concepts. In this context a special attention will be given, as an example, to the industry sector in the context of the green deal, as European states will be pioneering in implementing new standards in climate protection policies that will affect certain sectors of the economy. Rethinking the national security agenda will certainly face aspects which impose the protection of certain sectors that have a higher negative impact over climate change.

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REAGIRANJE HRVATSKIH ZEMALJSKIH VLASTI PRILIKOM VELIKIH POPLAVA U OŽUJKU I TRAVNJU 1895. GODINE

Author(s): Zvjezdana Sikirić ASSOULINE,Filip Šimetin Šegvić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

The paper emphasizes the analysis of the source material, mostly reports and telegrams generated on sight during the great floods of the Sava, Kupa, Danube and Drava rivers that affected the wider area of Banal Croatia during March and April of 1895. The behavior of the authoritarian regime of the Croatian viceroy Count Károly Khuen-Héderváry in an emergency situation of natural disaster is put under scrutiny. Main aspects of clerical work and technical staff in the field are described, as well as the behavior of diverse instances of government in resolving problems that have arisen in an emergency situation, such as destruction, famine, migrations and high costs of repair works.

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PREGLED POVIJESNIH POPLAVA VLTAVE S NAGLASKOM NA 21. STOLJEĆE

Author(s): Nikola Ostojčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

The Czech historical area suffered several terrible floods throughout history, and today’s population witnessed two major floods, those in 2002 and 2013. In addition to these floods, which belong to the most recent period of history, historical sources testify to the floods that have devastated these areas since the Middle Ages. Although throughout history the specific environment of this area has been the reason for the misfortune of many people, today it is a national symbol, the pride of the population, but also a reminder of the constant dependence on the environment and its power

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“Between the Mouth of the Two Rivers”. The Agency of Water, Springs, Rivers and Trees in ancient Mesopotamian Cosmology and Religion

Author(s): Anna Perdibon / Language(s): English Issue: 44/2021

This contribution offers an anthropological view of holy waters, springs, sacred rivers, and trees in the ancient Mesopotamian religious framework. Water is omnipresent in Mesopotamian myths and rituals, particularly in association with the cosmic Apsû, the primeval source of all waters. The pristine waters flow out through springs in the mountains and form the flowing bodies of rivers. For the Babylonians and Assyrians, rivers and watercourses were sacred and cosmic entities, often worshipped as deities. The Tigris and the Euphrates particularly appeared as river deities, with life-giving, motherly, healing, and judging roles. This essay considers the interrelationships between the Apsû, springs and sacred rivers, and the associated sacred trees, mountains and anthropomorphic deities, to shed new light on ancient Mesopotamian notions about nature, religion, and the cosmos.

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