Analysis of land surface temperatures in the "Local Climate Zones" of Novi Sad (Serbia)

Author(s): Stevan Savić,Jan Geletič,Dragan Milošević,Michal Lehnert / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

In this study, the Local Climate Zones (LCZs) in Novi Sad, the second largest city in Serbia, are analysed as to surface temperature differences. The LCZs were delineated on the basis of the GIS-based method created by Geletič & Lehnert (2016). Land Surface Temperatures (LSTs) were derived from the satellites Terra, sensor ASTER, and LANDSAT-8. The thermal images were provided at a similar time (at about 9.30 AM) between 2002 and 2008 (ASTER) and between 2013 and 2017 (LANDSAT-8). Statistical analyses, including the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey-HSD test, were employed to reveal LST differences between the LCZs. The results indicate that in 84% of cases there were significant differences in LST between pairs of LCZs. Temperature differences between LCZs were the most pronounced in the summer season. In general, 8 (large low-rise), 10 (heavy industry), 2 (compact midrise) and 3 (compact low-rise) LCZs had the highest surface temperatures in Novi Sad. Contrary to this, LCZs A (dense trees), B (scattered trees) G (water bodies) were the coolest zones.

ANALYSIS OF RIVER REGIME AND WATER BALANCE IN THE ĐETINJA RIVER BASIN

Author(s): Dragana Milijašević,Ana Milanović / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Water regime and water balance of the Đetinja River were analysed in this paper on the basis of a thirty-year data series on water level and discharge in the period from 1978 to 2008. The analysis of the Đetinja water level showed the mean annual water level of 53 cm in the mentioned period, whereas the lowest mean monthly water levels were in August, and the maximum mean monthly water levels in March and April. The average mean annual discharge of the Đetinja near Šengolj was 5.60 m3 /s of the observation period 1978-2008. The annual value of the average discharges was similar to the annual value of the mean monthly low and high waters. It has been concluded that the Đetinja River belongs to the moderate-continental variance of the pluvial-nival regime. The results of the research have shown that about 5.60 m3 /s of water is formed in the Đetinja Basin with specific runoff of 10.95 l/s/km2. Even though precipitation is not so low and ranges around 875 mm per year, the amount of the river inflow is smaller due to high evaporation of over 60%. Considering that the Šengolj hydrological station has been situated at 8.2 km from the mouth, and the station Stapari stopped working in 2002, there is an opinion that it would be significant to put the hydrological station in the part of the river course, as well as on larger tributaries.

Analysis of the relationships between the spatial arrangement of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys of Central Poland in the light of GIS methods

Author(s): Aleksander Szmidt / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2016

W artykule przedstawiono przykład zastosowania wybranych metod GIS w celu wykazania związków pomiędzy przebiegiem dolin kopalnych oraz współczesnych na obszarze Polski Środkowej. Analizowany obszar w warunkach lądowych kształtowany był już w paleogenie i neogenie, natomiast największy wpływ na obecną rzeźbę powierzchni odcisnęły procesy morfogenetyczne w czwartorzędzie. W opracowaniach paleogeograficznych dla analizowanego obszaru często wskazuje się na możliwe zależności pomiędzy wykształceniem rzeźby współczesnej a jej podłożem, w szczególności zaś sieci dolinnej. W celu weryfikacji tej hipotezy, na podstawie archiwalnych materiałów kartograficznych oraz Cyfrowego Modelu Wysokościowego rzeźby współczesnej, zaproponowano schemat przeprowadzenia analizy z wykorzystaniem zestawu ogólnodostępnych narzędzi GIS. Z wyników przeprowadzonej analizy można stwierdzić, że główne doli- ny rzeczne Polski Środkowej w dużej części nawiązują swoim przebiegiem do kopalnej sieci dolinnej, gdzie związki te najlepiej są widoczne w przypadku dolin największych.

Anizotropia podatności magnetycznej jako potencjalne narzędzie wyznaczania kierunków paleoprądów w osadach glacigenicznych w obszarze między Piotrkowem Trybunalskim, Radomskiem a Przedborzem

Author(s): Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska,Elżbieta Król / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 103/2015

This article presents the results of measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of Quaternary sediments collected from 13 sites, located in zones I–IV of glacigenic forms in SE of the Łódź Region. Based on statistical analysis and graphical position of the principal axes of ellipsoids illustrating the magnetic susceptibility tensors, recreated directions of transport for 206 samples, mainly of glacial sediment of different ages and types. The usefulness of AMS analysis in determining the direction of transport in clasts of the till has been proved and also to verification of the directional results of other measurements in the sediments layered.

Anthropogenic Denudation in Mining Areas on the Example of the Wałbrzych coal mining area (Sudetes, Poland)

Author(s): Jan Wójcik / Language(s): English / Issue: 153/2018

In the 20th century Wałbrzych and its surroundings was the most prominent area of coal mining in the Sudetes. Nevertheless, in 1997 the mines were closed. An intensive anthropogenic geomorphic cycle commenced there in 1865 and lasted for 130 years. The biggest transformations in landforms occurred in two basins: Wałbrzych and Kuźnice, where a complex of anthropogenic forms was created from dumps and settling ponds, as well as subsidence depression. Among the dominant geomorphic processes related to anthropopressure were anthropogenic aggradation and anthropogenic denudation. Those processes resulted in raising and lowering of the land surface. Their intensity was diverse both in time and space. The average pace of anthropogenic aggradation in the years 1865–1996 amounted to 328 mm/year and was higher in the years 1945–1996 (439 mm/year) than during the period from 1865 to 1944 (255 mm/year). In both basins: Wałbrzych and Kuźnice, there was an increase in the intensity of this process in the years 1945–1996 when compared to the period of 1865–1944. The pace of anthropogenic denudation in the Wałbrzych coal mining area was considerably lower than the intensity of anthropogenic aggradation. During the research period, the land surface lowered, on average, by 66 mm/year, whereas the pace of the process decreased from 75 mm/year in the years 1865–1944 to 57 mm/year in the period 1945–1996. A considerably higher intensity of anthropogenic denudation was noted the Wałbrzych Basin (96 mm/year) than in the Kuźnice Basin (36 mm/year). It was determined that the anthropogenic denudation balance in the in the Wałbrzych coal mining area in the years 1865–1996 was positive (+262 mm/year). When comparing the scale of anthropogenic aggradation and denudation in several coal mining areas (Wałbrzych, Upper Silesia, Ostrava-Karvina and Ruhr), it needs to be emphasized that in the research area the intensity of those processes in the period 1865–1996 was similar and, at times, higher than in the other areas, which results from the preference of cumulating of gangue on spoil tips as the cheapest way of its disposal, as well as from the dominance of caving coal extraction.

Antropocen: procesno stanje na rubu povijesti Zemlje?

Author(s): Peter Sloterdijk / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 25/2020

Kad je nizozemski atmosferski kemičar Paul J. Crutzen 2000. godine - posežući za analognim konceptom talijanskog geologa Stoppanija (1824. - 1891.) predložio izraz »antropocen«, kako bi današnje doba markirao iz prirodno-povijesne vizure, nametala se pretpostavka da će taj izraz ostati dijelom jednog hermetičkog diskursa, koji se koristi iza zatvorenih vrata instituta za analizu plina ili geofiziku. Zahvaljujući nepoznatoj seriji slučajnosti tom sintetičkom semantičkom virusu očito je uspjelo proći kroz dobro izolirana vrata laboratorija i proširiti se u općem životnom svijetu - pri čemu se stječe dojam da se posebno lako reproducira u kontekstu učenih feljtona, muzejskog pogona, makrosociologije, novih religioznih pokreta i ekološke alarmantne literature.

Antropogeniczne powodzie błyskawiczne na dwóch wybranych rzekach świętokrzyskich w XX w. – przyczyny i skutki

Author(s): Tomasz Kalicki,Paweł Przepióra,Piotr Kusztal / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

In the 20th c., after the disappearance of the anthropogenic system of small water retention due to economicchanges, on the rivers (Kamionka, Czarna Konecka) appeared-previously unknown during the Holocenecatastrophicalflash floods caused by hydrotechnical failures. Geomorphological effects of those floods exceed manytimes the effects of secular processes.

Antropogenicznie uwarunkowane przełomy Suminy i Wierzbnika jako przykład naturalizacji sztucznych koryt rzecznych (zlewnia Rudy)

Author(s): Maria Fajer / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 153/2018

The article describes anthropogenic transformations of relief features associated with former economic use of rivers and the changes that occurred in individual sections of artificial canals as a result of their naturalisation. The study was carried out in two river valleys – of the Sumina and Wierzbnik Rivers, which are located in the Ruda River catchment (within the Odra River drainage basin), on the boundary of the Rybnik Plateau and the Racibórz Basin. The use of water in these rivers for the purposes of former grain mills, sawmills and other industrial facilities as well as fish ponds involved the construction of bypasses. The deep erosion gullies recorded in the relief of the Sumina and Wierzbnik River valleys are in fact transformed anthropogenic forms: artificial river channels and old bypasses. In the Wierzbnik River valley, these canals – today dead, but still visible in relief, reflect the technical solutions which were once used to protect ponds from damage during floods. The sections of old artificial canals such as the man-made channel of the Sumina River, are still subject to naturalisation processes, being were later transformed by natural fluvial processes. This is reflected in an increase in channel sinuosity and the development of meanders. It is proposed that the erosive forms described in the article be referred to as anthropogenically determined river gorges.

Application of the Water Quality Index in the Timok River Basin (Serbia)

Author(s): Dragana Milijašević,Bojan Gavrilović,Suzana Lović Obradović / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

The paper presents an analysis of water pollution carried out on the basis of the combined physico-chemical Serbian Water Quality Index (WQI) in the Timok River basin. The analysis covers various parameters (oxygen saturation, Five-Day Biochemical Oxygen Demand or BOD5, ammonium ion concentration, pH value, Water Total Nitrogen or WTN, Total Suspended Solids or TSS, orthophosphate concentration, electrical conductivity, temperature and the fecal coliform bacteria parameter) the values of which were calculated for four hydrological stations within the basin. The data obtained at each measurement station were averaged using the annual arithmetic average mean. The annual WQI values were calculated for a twenty-five year period (1990–2014) and they were in the range between 12 and 92, which means that the quality of water varied, ranging from “very bad” to “excellent”. The obtained results were interpreted and the watercourse quality was assessed using the comparison of water quality indicators according to the Serbian Classification of Surface Waters and the WQI method. The worst water quality was recorded in the Borska Reka River. Certain SWQI values are the result of water quality changes caused by wastewater from human settlements, industrial facilities, agricultural sources and illegal waste disposal sites in the basin.

ARDAHAN MERKEZ İLÇE’DE NÜFUS GELİŞİMİ

Author(s): Emrah Polat,Zeki Koday / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 45/2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the population development in the field. Observation in place, questionnaire and interview methods were in the study. The central district of Ardahan is in the Erzurum-Kars of the Eastern Anatolia Region. Central District of Ardahan with average altitude has 62 villages and 7 neighborhoods with extensions. The working site is 1465 square kilometers and the lands with morphological plato structure are generally hubbly. Ardaha which was in the city status from the establishment of the republic to 1926, became a district of Kars with the province law dated 1926. According to the 2018 Turkish Statistical data, the district has a population of 42.226 and there are 28.5 people per kilometer square. As a result, a consideration that will be carried out as a part of geographical planning for rural development will lead the way for field expansion. Especially rural development as state policy will improve as a result of geographical researches like this. This will be ensured with more modern agriculture, husbandry and tourism.

ARDAHAN MERKEZ İLÇE’DE YERLEŞME ADLARI

Author(s): Emrah Polat,Zeki Koday / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 45/2020

The purpose of this study is to determine where the settlement islands in the area come from. Observation in place, questionnaire and interview methods were in the study. The central district of Ardahan is in the Erzurum-Kars of the Eartern Anatolia Region. Naming the palaces by having been affected from physical geography factors, shows that people and environment are affected from each other. From 1952 until the year 1978 to about 12.000 settling time in Turkey it was also changed name. Renamed villages are not appropriate to population. Specially older and middle aged is preferences to the old name of villages.

Are Heteroptera communities able to be bioindicators of urban environments?

Author(s): O. M. Kunakh,I. O. Fedyay / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

The Heteroptera is a group of animals associated with the vegetation cover. The conducted analysis indicates that groups of heteropterans in the urban environment have a pattern of reaction to the environmental factors, determined using the phytoindication method. In the study, we considered the following hypotheses: 1) phytoindicational assessments of ecological factors may explain the patterns of variation of the groups of heteropterans; 2) among Heteroptera species, comparatively homogenous ecological groups could be distinguished which are characterized by similar character of response to the effect of certain environmental factors; 3)these groups could be used for bioindication of the conditions of environment in urban ecosystems. Stationary collection of heteropterans was performed during three years from May to October of 2017–2019 on six plots in Kharkiv. The article describes factors which affect the structure of groups of Heteroptera within the ecosystem of the large city and assess the bioindication possibilities. The data presented in the article, as well as the conclusions drawn, are to a large extent associated with stenotopic species, most of which could be used as bioindicators of the condition of one or another biocenosis. According to the results of a taxonomical survey in the territory of Kharkiv, 180 species of Heteroptera were found, belonging to 120 genera and 17 families. The highest species diversity was seen for the family Miridae, accounting for 50 species (27.0% of the total number of counted species). Fewer species were identified as the representatives of families Lygaeidae – 46 species (24.9%) and Pentatomidae – 23 (12.4%). Family Rhopalidae was represented by 11 species (5.9%). Nabidae and Tingidae – 10 species each (5.4%). Families Coreidae – 8 (4.3%), Cydnidae and Scutelleridae – 4 species each (2.2%), Anthocoridae – 3 (1.6%). The families Berytidae, Piesmatidae, Pyrrhocoridae and Reduviidae were represented by only 2 species each (1.1%). Families Acanthosomatidae, Alydidae and Aradidae were represented by 1 species each, in total accounting for 1.5%. The reasonably high level of species and ecological diversities of Heteroptera in the territory of the city allows them to be used in bioindication studies. We determined comparatively homogenous ecological groups of heteropterans which have a similar pattern of response to the impact of certain environmental factors. The study demonstrates that phytoindicatory assessments of the ecological factors can explain the patterns of variation in groups of heteropterans, We determined the factors which have effects on the structure of the group of heteropterans within the metropolitan ecosystem. The level of their effect on groups of heteropterans within the city is different. The most influential were light and humidity. Comparison of potential and realized projections of ecological space allows us, to a certain extent, to generate hypotheses about the orientations of transformation of the group heteropterans.

Around the Bloc: Ancient Monuments Mapped on Kazakh Steppe

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/10/2015

Giant designs traced out by earth mounds could be thousands of years old.

Aspecte privind conceptele şi practicile de planificare urbană integrată în Franţa

Author(s): Lilian Cîrnu / Language(s): Romanian / Publication Year: 0

Aspects regarding the trend of the average annual, seasonal and monthly drainage of river water from the Căliman Mountains in the period 1950-2010

Author(s): Hirlav Costin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

The Căliman Mountains are the highest volcanic mountains in Romania, being positioned on the western side of the Eastern Carpathians, between their central strip (north and east), south – the Harghita Mountains, and west – the Transylvanian Depression. This positioning gives special features of the water drainage, with both spatial and temporal differentiations. This paper analyzed the trend of average drainage from rivers in the studied group for the period 1950-2010, both multi-annually and seasonally and in the extreme months; the months taken into account being those with the lowest flows (January), respectively the largest (May). To evaluate the mentioned parameters, we used the help of Excel MAKESENS (Mann-Kendall test for trend and Sen’s slope estimates), which identified the type of drainage trend (positive or negative), and using the Sen nonparametric method to estimate the slope of the trend. Based on the type of trend obtained, 9 trend classes were obtained, and with the help of the slope, the net change rate was obtained.

ASSESSEMENT OF THE MINING PRACTICES EFFECTS ON THE WATER QUALITY IN THE IBAR RIVER WITHIN THE LEPOSAVIĆ MUNICIPALITY

Author(s): Gordana Milentijević,Blagoje Nedeljković,Jelena Đokić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

Exploitation, development and primary extraction of the minerals result in release of theharmful substances, e.g. heavy metals, toxic gases, dirt, etc, that are often uncontrolled deposit inthe environment. Those deposited and overlooked substances remain as a heritage and challengefor the coming generations that would involve abundant human, technical and financial resourcesfor the environmental reclamation. The mining activities of the Trepča – RIF Kopaonik has bothpositive and negative influences within the Leposavić municipality, i.e., industrial development andenvironmental degradation. As a result of the mining activities the air, land and water resources bothsurface and underground are severely polluted. The main objective of this paper is to present adverseeffects of the mineral resources (lead and zinc) exploitation and primary extraction on the Ibar Riverwater quality degradation mainly by heavy metals. Since the heavy metals are frequently ingestedby the people through the food chain and given the high toxicity of them they are crucial parametersfor the water quality monitoring practices that should be carefully assessed and controlled. Thus thispaper includes comprehensive analyses of the heavy metals concentration (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Fe)in the Ibar River within the Leposavić municipality.

ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY DURING THE FLOODS IN MAY 2014, SERBIA

Author(s): Dejana Jakovljević / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Floods are considered to be the most common natural disaster which causes more destructive effects than other natural disasters including loss of human life, property and infrastructure damage, as well as a negative impact on social and economic development. Besides these consequences, floods also affect water quality. The aim of this paper is to present water quality impairment caused by the floods in Serbia in May 2014. The parameters of water quality were measured 13 times in 2014 (12 ordinary monthly measurements and one extraordinary measurement during the flood) in hydrological stations Ostružnica and Šabac (on the river Sava) and Badovinci (on the river Drina). The Canadian Water Quality Index (CWQI) was used for water quality assessment. This method calculates the overall water quality and the water quality for specific conditions and purposes including: drinking, aquatic habitats, recreation, irrigation, and livestock. Water quality decline was recorded in all the stations in overall water quality as well as for specific uses. Turbidity and heavy metals values were tens of times higher than normal ranges. The most drastic example was Al with the values which were thousand(s) of times higher than the objective.

Assessment of land use changes and landscape fragmentation in the tourism area of Cacica and Vatra Dornei

Author(s): Vasilică-Dănuț Horodnic,Petruț-Ionel Bistricean,Dumitru Mihăilă,Vasile Efros / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This paper is intended to evaluate the effects of the development of anthropogenic activities on changes in the way of land is use and in the fragmentation of the landscape in the tourism areas of Cacica and Vatra Dornei (Suceava county). The proposed methodology includes the combination of geographic and cartographic data available, geographic information systems and landscape metrics. Using patches as landscape elements, a series of two-level (class and landscape) hierarchical landscape metrics were chosen to quantify the surface, number and size of landscape units that define the surveyed territory, homogeneity or diversity of the landscape. The ArcGis 10.2.2 software was employed to present the spatial distribution of land use changes over the 22 years (1990-2012) following the processing of the database provided by the European CORINE Land Cover project. The statistical results of the landscape metrics were obtained using the FRAGSTATS 4.2.1 software. The results highlight that, in Cacica landscape, the spatial pattern of land use and cover was dominated by a broadening of agriculture and semi-natural areas to the detriment of artificial surfaces and forests lands. On the other side, in the case of Vatra Dornei, the most prominent landscape changes were represented by afforestation and urbanization. The present study reveals a decrease of fragmentation for Caccia and an increase of fragmentation for Vatra Dornei which obviously contributed to the modification of the local landscape structure. Therefore, research findings underline the importance of supporting the geo-diversity of landscapes as they can provide additional tourist income and support the proper use of land.

Assessment of marl properties effect on sediment and runoff rate at different rainfall intensity under field rainfall simulator

Author(s): H. R. Peyrovan,S. Feiznia,S. H. Hosseini / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2009

The objective of this study is to assess the effect of physical and chemical properties of Marl's formations on sediment and runoff rates at different rainfall intensities, based on using field rainfall simulator. For this purpose, first Marl's formations (Neocene's units) were separated to five units including Halite siltstone(NgSiH), Siltstone (NgSi), Mudstone (gy1C), Gypsum mudstone (gy1CG) and Halite clay stone (gy2CH), based on physical and chemical properties. Then runoff and sediment rates were determined in each unit at two intensities (30 and 60 mm/h) using rainfall simulator. Analysis of variance and Duncan's tests showed that Halite siltstone unit has produced the highest amount of runoff and sediment rates and then the runoff and sediment rates of other subunits in decreasing order are as follows: Siltstone, gy2CH, gylCG and gy1C are 5% significant level. The trend of induced runoff and sediment rates at different times showed that in Halite siltstone and Siltstone units the runoff amounts were fixed rapidly at 2nd ten minutes. And, on the other units, the runoff amounts were fixed at 3rd ten minutes and sediment yield was increased rapidly at 3rd ten minutes.

ASSESSMENT OF THE RIVER HABITAT QUALITY IN UNDEVELOPED AREAS OF SERBIA APPLYING THE RHS (RIVER HABITAT SURVEY) METHOD

Author(s): Marko Urošev,Ana Milanović,Dragana Milijašević / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2009

Paper’s main goal is to establish “RHS reference site”, which will be the basis for future classification of river habitat quality in other regions of Serbia. River habitats in Golijska Moravica and Jerma basin have been assessed and classified by RHS method, and reference values are determined (which would serve for the next research of river habitats in Serbia). In Golijska Moravica and Jerma basin semi–natural and predominantly unmodified habitats with high diversity are dominant. If we compare HQA index of Moravica and Jerma with HQA indexes in some European countries (Austria, Germany) of same river type (small, shallow mountain rivers)we can conclude that sites in Moravica and Jerma basin have higher habitat diversity. Within river basins there are spatial differences of HQA index value. River sites in Moravica and Jerma basin have lower values of HMS index than sites in European countries. The impact of individual characteristics on total HQA and HMS score is also determined in this paper.Results of this paper are important for conservation of natural habitats, for river basin management plans and to estimate environmental impact of future water management activities in these basins.