Swastyka – kilka refleksji na temat symbolu

Author(s): Anna Zasuń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

The swastika is one of the most long-lived and, at the same time, obscure symbols. Its origin, as well as the interpretation of its meaning, interest many theorists, just like the phenomenon of the contemporary reception where the swastika lost the original positive meaning and has become a symbol of perhaps the most tragic period of modern history associated with the existence of Nazism. This article presents two perspectives of interpretation of swastika – firstly, it included universal and widespread throughout the world historical (and evenprehistoric) meaning and attempts to identify its source; secondly, it was presented a modern interpretation of swastika as an emblem of the Nazi ideology, as a symbol which “produces cultural context”, and also as a symbol whose over ten years’ relationship with the Nazis led to a loss in the European mentality of positive reactions associated with the ancient, benevolent motive of the swastika. Attention was also returned to the ambivalent reception of the swastika in the modern world – the history of the Western world dictates the emotional, negative attitude to the swastika symbol, while many eastern cultures (for example, the Middle and Far East) still uses this symbol in its original cultural background for the sense. Completion for this considerations is a reminder of key issues related to the concept of “symbol” and the recall of various terms (for example, gammadion), which are used to describe the swastika, or different symbols (for example, a cross or a spiral), with which the swastika is sometimes combined.

Geopolityka w wydaniu Napoleona. Tylża 1807 – wizja nowego ładu europejskiego

Author(s): Maciej Trąbski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2011

Napoleonic era in the history of Europe was crucialin many considerations. One of them was an attempt to bring a new political order. It had to rely on a change of multilateral system, in which five countries (UK, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia) decided about European issues, on bilat-eral, where the rule had only two – France and Russia. While in Poland it was a time of great hope, connected with an attempt to rebuild an independentand sovereign state in pre-partition borders. Turning point was the year 1807, when the French Emperor Napoleon I met at Tilsit with the Em-peror Alexander I of Russia, to negotiate peace andarrange the principles on which it was to build a new political order in Europe.

Нишката, станът и зависимият произход – във и отвъд линейното време (Древна Индия)

Author(s): Gergana Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The present study traces and analyzes the ideas of linear time as depicted in some of the texts of the Ṛgveda, the Atharvaveda, the Kauṣītakibrāhmaṇa and the Mahābhārata, and as presented in the texts of early Buddhism. From the thread of fate, which is the path of man, narrative, identity, through the web woven by day and night or by the two goddesses of fate, through the web of sacrifice, to dependent origination in early Buddhism, all these images and ideas are closely related with the notion of linear time. To go beyond this linear time, beyond the notion of LIFE IS A JOURNEY, is a penetration into the unspeakable, “into” the world beyond, “into” freedom.

Întâlniri necunoscute cu Stalin şi Dimitrov Vizita lui Chivu Stoica la Moscova, iulie – august 1945, II

Author(s): Dan Cătănuş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

with Stalin, as well as a series of consequences of the Romanian Communist leader’s visit to the Soviet Union: Moscow’s lost of interest in the case of Ștefan Foriș, the former general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party during the war, the weakening of Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu’s political position, the election of Chivu Stoica to the new Political Bureau of the Romanian Communist Party, and Moscow’s direction of the decisions taken at the National Conference of the Communist Party in October 1945.

O instanță extraordinară a justiției române: Tribunalul Poporului, 1945-1947

Author(s): Alexandru-Murad Mironov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

The People’s Court was an extraordinary tribunal, established by the Romania at the end of the Second World War to try war criminals, those guilty of crimes against humanity and those who had involved Romania in the world conflagration on the side of the defeated camp, causing hundreds of thousands of victims and had brought the country to the brink of destruction.It was established in 1945 and convicted some 657 persons, some of the in absentia. Despite the fact that many of those put on trial were criminals, the Government influenced by Communists used the People’s Court for political repression against their foes.

Cornel Chiriac (1942-1975)

Author(s): Flori Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

Romanian journalist, radio producer, record producer and jazz drummer, Cornel Chiriac (1942–1975) was born in Bessarabia. He graduated from the University of Bucharest's Faculty of English Language. Cornel produced for Radio România the most popular music show of the 1960s – METRONOM. After Invasion of Czechoslovakia he played a ballad which relates how five small wolves and a bigger one attacked a sheepfold. Later put on The Beatles' Back in the USSR. He was discovered by Radio Free Europe director Noel Bernard in the Traiskirchen refugee camp and continued his activity in Munich, in RFE's Romanian-language section. He re-launched Metronom and Jazz magazin, and started Jazz à la carte. On March 4, 1975, Cornel was stabbed near his car, in a Munich parking lot.

Carol Király (1930-2021)

Author(s): Ana-Maria Cătănuş / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

Carol Király (Király Károly) was born on 26 September 1930 in Târnăveni, Mureș County, into a Hungarian family. He attended four primary classes between 1939 and 1943, after which he worked as a construction worker in various construction sites in Luduș, Cluj region. In April 1946, Carol Király volunteered at the Salva-Vișeu construction site, and in 1949, he went to the Danube-Black Sea Canal construction site, where he also worked as a carpenter. He attended evening party courses. In October 1954, he was accepted as a member of the Communist Party, but remained a U.T.M. activist. In September 1956, he was sent to attend the Central School of the Moscow Comsomol for a year. After graduation in August 1957, he was appointed first secretary of the regional U.T.M. committee of the Hungarian Autonomous Region. His real rise began after Nicolae Ceausescu came to power. He became a member of the Council of State and afterwards member of the CC of the Communist Party of Romania and substitute member of the Executive Committee. On 1 April 1972 he sent a letter to the party leadership announcing that he was resigning as First Secretary of Covasna County and alternate member of the Executive Committee. In 1973, he was appointed president of the Union of Craft Cooperatives in Mureș County. In 1975 he ceased to be a member of the State Council. In the late 1970s and 1980s, he was an exponent of the rights of the Hungarian minority in Romania, publicly denouncing their violation through open letters to the state leadership, interviews and material published abroad. In the context of the 1989 revolution, Carol Kiraly was co-opted into the country’s new leadership. He died on 4 November 2021.

Alexandru Valahu (Volohov) (1909-1967)

Author(s): Florin Şandru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

Born in Bessarabia, Alexandru Volohov changed his name to Alexandru Valahu, forging his identity papers after 23 August 1944. He worked as a clerk at the Social Insurance House in Ismail from 1930 to 1932. From 1932 to 1934 he did his military service. At the same time, he carried out intense anti-communist activity, having been recruited as an informer by the Grand Headquarters to provide information on persons suspected of communist activities. In 1934 he was employed by the Ismail police as a public guard at the Law Office. In 1935 he shot a communist who was trying to escape from the security forces. He resigned from the police in 1937. Sentenced in 1948 to 3 years in prison for fraud at the Electric Company. After his release, he took a job as a translator of documents from Russian into Romanian at the Chemical Troops Command.On 7 January 1958, he was arrested and sentenced to 20 years' hard labour for anti-labour activities. He was released in July 1964. Having links with military representatives of several factories and plants working for the Chemical Troops Command, the security decided to recruit him as an unqualified informer. He submiteed several intelligence reports with no operative importance.

Noi culegeri de documente privind încheierea Armistițiului și activitatea Comisiei Aliate de Control în Bulgaria, 1944-1947

Author(s): Lyubomir Ognyanov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

This is a review of the series of books Velikite Sili i Bălgariia, 1944-1947, vol. I: Primirieto mejdu SSSR, Veljkobritaniia, SAŞ i Bălgariia (ianuari – oktomvri 1944). Dokumenti, Akademicino izdatelstvo na BAN „Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia, 2014, 442 p.; vol. II: Săiuznata Kontrolna Komisiia b Bălgariia (noemvri 1944 – dekemvri 1947). Dokumenti. Părva ceast, Akademicino izdatelstvo na BAN „Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia, 2018, 931 p.; Săiuznata Kontrolna Komisiia b Bălgariia (noemvri 1944 – dekemvri 1947). Dokumenti. Vtora ceast, Akademicino izdatelstvo na BAN „Prof. Marin Drinov”, Sofia, 2018, 931 p.

Hans Bergel și recurența întoarcerii spre România

Author(s): Flori Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2023

This is a review of the book Hans Bergel, Always looking to Romania, by Cosmin Budeancă, Preface by Florian Kührer-Wielach, Afterword by Ana Blandiana, Cultural Foundation „Memoria” Publishing House and MEGA Publishing House, Bucharest – Cluj-Napoca, 2023, 216 p.

170 години от рождението на Стефан Панаретов (1853–1931)

Author(s): Aleka Strezova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Дисертации

Author(s): Nikola Kazanski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Defended PhD theses in Bulgaria in the field of linguistics, literature, history, folklore, ethnography and art studies

Академик Н. С. Державин и появата на първия институт за славянознание в Русия: Ленинград, 1931–1934

Author(s): Igor I. Kaliganov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Интердисциплинарна научна конференция „Изображението в текста, текстът в изображението“

Author(s): Boryana Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Габриеле Волф на 65 години

Author(s): Petar Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Стефан Дечев. Стамболов след Стамболов. История, политика и памет (1895–2020)

Author(s): Vassilka Tankova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 47/2023

Устройство и статут на картотеката и архива на Държавна сигурност в периода 1950–1954 година

Author(s): Rusalena Pendzhekova-Hristeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The study addresses the organizational and status-related aspects of the card file and archive of State Security during the period 1950–1954. It explores the structural and functional developments within the sections and departments directly associated with these components. The analysis encompasses internal normative documents governing the entire document life cycle, from compilation and registration to circulation, archiving for operational use, and historical archiving. The essay emphasizes the significance of this archival complex as a repository of retrospective documentary information and a foundational source for researchers.

Достойно отбелязване на една забележителна годишнина

Author(s): Maria Levkova-Muchinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

За първия български морски офицер в новоизлязлата монография за последната Англо-бурска война, 2023

Author(s): Asen Kozhuharov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

Българско изследване за Вишеградската група

Author(s): Iskra Baeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024