Development of the Arab Economy After the ‘Arab Spring’

Author(s): Karim Naama / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

A study conducted by the Research Department of the Secretariat General of the Arab Banking Union entitled ‘Developing the Arab Economy in 2014 and 2016’, shows that the economy has experienced a decline in Real GDP growth compared to 2012. Uncertainty, complexity and social conditions as well as political changes are among the major factors which hamper economic activity in the region. Economic freedom is one of the most important indicators of the level of conditions and the situation that prevail in any country, especially in the Arab countries. If this indicator is negative, it will reflect the country’s situation. Economic and social freedom is just a mirror of a political situation affected by many shortcomings culminating in a reaction to violence in which Arab governments faced the riots of the people during what became known as the Arab Spring. Compared to 2012, the Arab economy experienced a decline in real growth in 2013, which reflected the decline in real GDP growth. This was due to several factors, the most important of them being the fall in oil prices, the energy export earnings of oil-exporting countries, and the ongoing political and social unrest in the region since the beginning of theArab Spring.

Make mud pies! Развлекателната и социална роля на музеите – САЩ

Author(s): Viara Guneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The article presents results from research on the visitor interest done in European museums. The obtained results outline the contemporary trend towards development of the educational and entertainment role of museums and galleries on a global scale. The effective practices in the museum systems of leading countries such as the USA bring to the fore the present-day mission of the cultural institutions – integration of different social groups and promotion of the lifelong learning motivation. The pedagogical models highlighted in the research aim at building a conceptual formulation for development of museum educational resources in Bulgaria.

Book Review: Dzhovani Kiaromani i negovoto patuvane ot Viena do Bursa prez 1659 g. / Giovanni Chiaromanni e il suo viaggio da Vienna a Bursa fatto l’anno1659 by Penka Danova

Author(s): Orlin Sabev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Crossing the Divide between Christianity and Islam: Representations of Religious Conversion in Three Seventeenth-Century English Plays

Author(s): Ludmilla Kostova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This article focuses on three English plays, The Renegado, or the Gentleman of Venice (1624) by Philip Massinger, The Tragedy of Mustapha, Son of Solyman the Magnificent (1665) by Roger Boyle, Earl of Orrery, and The Siege of Constantinople (1675) by Henry Neville Payne, which were written at a time when the illdefined entity generally known as “the West” today was not in the ascendant and apprehensions of the expansionist Ottoman Empire and its dependencies in North Africa played an important role in European social and political life. The plays are approached from a historicist perspective as attention focuses on anxieties aroused by the early modern European perception of Islam as an alien religion that nevertheless attracted Christians and incited them to convert. Representations of religious conversion are also analysed in terms of gender differences. In addition, each of the plays is read as a response to a particular set of social and political problems, which troubled early modern England and were re-imagined through dramatized stories of encounters between Muslims and Christians.

Промени в методологията за изследване на съвременното изкуство на Украйна: представяне на женствеността

Author(s): Daria Lutsyshyna / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article discusses the shift from the methodology of the Soviet totalitarian period in Ukrainian art history to the modern methods that are more appropriate for the interpretation of contemporary Ukrainian art. The analysis showed that, during the Soviet period, art and art history in Ukraine were under strict ideological and political control. Art history and criticism were widely used as a means of ideological propaganda, and therefore art studies could not fully represent and interpret art. A considerable part of the art phenomena was ignored by researchers due to the hierarchy of trends and genres of art established in the USSR; art historians had to assess the “validity” of an artwork or an artist according to the official ideology. The variety of methods and research instruments was limited and insufficient for the research of contemporary Ukrainian art, including feminist art. The creative work of the Ukrainian female artist Alina Kopytsa is shown as an example in order to demonstrate the expedience of modern approaches, which are still not common for Ukrainian art history. Thus, a wider range of methods and approaches is regarded as the means to develop an effective methodological background, and to provide a better understanding of contemporary Ukrainian art.

The Sage of Concord: Weaving Transcendental Thoughts

Author(s): Saša Simović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Ralph Waldo Emerson, the proverbial sage of Concord, claimed that he was not “an original thinker” but only “clothed thoughts” that were “in the air.” Trying to explain the complex relation between humans and the outside world, he singled out man’s relation to his own self as the crux of the problem. His dualistic vision of the world, juxtaposing nature and the human soul and matter and spirit, is related to what he perceived as the human need to realize a connection to the “real” self. In the Emersonian vision of the world, nature is “omnipotent” insofar as through natural phenomena the human individual can give birth to brilliant ideas. The aim of this article is to highlight Emerson’s Transcendentalist vision of nature and the human relation to it.

Renée Fox, Mike Cronin, and Brian Ó Conchubhair, Editors. 𝑅𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑟𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑆𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑠

Author(s): Alla Kononova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Martina Domines Veliki and Cian Duffy, Editors. 𝑅𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑠𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑛𝑓𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦

Author(s): Zoran Varga / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Хана Аренд – съкровищница в историята на политическите идеи

Author(s): Olga Stoyanova-Encheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The paper traces and analyses the main highlights in Hannah Arendt’s political ideas as reflected in her various writings. It examines her main concepts of politics, totalitarianism, power, freedom, and violence. With her interesting and unconventional research approach, she established a dominant position as a political thinker of the 20th century, and she continues to be a highly relevant and widely read author in the present day.

Учението на Иван Драсов в Писек и Прага

Author(s): Denis Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The purpose of this article is to clarify the prerequisites, character and duration of Ivan Drasov`s teaching in the Czech cities of Pisek and Prague. As a main source material were used Ivan Drasov`s school notebooks from the period of his studies in Bohemia, Drasov`s epistolary legacy and some memoirs. Through analysis and comparison of the mentioned sources, the following circumstances were established. The most likely reason for directing Ivan Drasov to Bohemia was his desire to study chemistry and engineering, and the choice of Pisek was predetermined by the presence of his compatriots in this city. Although Drasov had the opportunity to gain good knowledge in various fields during his studies in Pisek, in the end he remained unsatisfied. In 1874, Ivan Drasov made an attempt to study in the Austrian city of Linz. After this attempt failed, Drasov returned to Bohemia and in 1875 completed his education in Prague.

Опит за историко-правен анализ на дейността на VI състав на тъй наречения Народен съд през март 1945 година

Author(s): Mario Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The aim of this article is to reveal the judicial and extra-judicial factors of the trial of the VI section of the “People’s Court” in Sofia, held in the spring of 1945. The emphasis is on the legal framework, the manner of the trial, the procedure violations and the judicial and extra-judicial mechanisms used to achieve specific results, corresponding to the political goals of this trial aimed at convicting people associated with the pro-German propaganda in Bulgaria during World War II. The study applies the historical-legal method. The factors determining the trial are analyzed, as well as the penal and repressive role of the trial itself in establishing the power of the Fatherland Front after the coup of 9 September 1944.

НЕКОИ ПРАШАЊА ОКОЛУ ИСПРАЌАЊЕТО И ГРИЖАТА ЗА УЧИТЕЛИТЕ ОД НАРОДНА РЕПУБЛИКА МАКЕДОНИЈА НА РАБОТА ВО ПИРИНСКИОТ ДЕЛ НА МАКЕДОНИЈА ВО УЧЕБНАТА 1947/1948 ГОДИНА

Author(s): Evgenij Litovski / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1-2/2022

After the Bled agreements between Josip Broz Tito and Georgi Dimitrov, the cultural autonomy for the Macedonians in Pirin Macedonia began. This meant that Macedonians were allowed to study Macedonian literary language in the schools in Bulgaria. But as there was much opposition to this from Bulgaria, long negotiations between the two sides took place. Because of that, the Ministry of Education in the People’s Republic of Macedonia started to hire teachers and send them in Pirin Macedonia to work in the schools there. There were also negotiations about some problems between Central Committee of Communist Party of Macedonia and the Ministry of Education of Bulgaria. The negotiations were fruitful and the teachers started their job. Also, when the teachers were in Pirin Macedonia, every problem they had was solved with the help of the Ministry of Education of PRM.

„Еснафът без мисия не е еснаф“ – генезис на цеховата структура

Author(s): Desislava Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This article attempts to present the genesis of craft organizations. Issues concerning the Shaun organization have been repeatedly dealt with in historiography, especially those concerning the Bulgarian Revival. In the 18th and 19th centuries the professional craft guilds developed their full potential as an “economic conductor” of Ottoman everyday life. This is the way most of the researchers consider it as already formed institution with its strict hierarchy and rules governed by a 1773. And the period of their origin in the preceding centuries is presented in a mock-and-pattern way. For this reason, we will address the issue concerning the genesis of the Bhagavad in the 15th–17th centuries. The three main ones (the Byzantine, Arabic-Turkish and Western European) available for the origin of the workshop structure are subject to extensive analysis. The inconsistencies in them are eliminated. In Bulgarian historiography a so-called “mixed approach” was introduced, bringing together two of the above-mentioned opinions. The first to use the term esnaf is Evliya Зelebi in his description of the guilds in Istanbul. It includes an expanded meaning for everyone: “members of the guild, artisans and merchants.” That is, the term is generalizing for him. Two large subgroups, described as guilds, can be seen in Siayatnameto’s text. The first group includes: members of the ulema, hired workers (of all kinds) and communities of marginal groups. And second, merchants. Such a distinction is useful to us as a landmark but has no fundamental significance in the economic and social reality of the seventeenth century.

THE MOLE: AN UNUSUAL ITEM OF MATERIA MEDICA

Author(s): Christopher J. Duffin / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 41/2022

The mole (Talpa europea) has a long history of use as medicament beginning with rather sparse records in classical and medieval writings. The number and diversity of mole therapies expanded during early modern times. This, the first survey of mole-containing medicines in scientific medical literature, reveals that they were used to treat, amongst other ailments, rheumatism, arthritis, hernias, prolapse, leprosy, epilepsy, wounds, and a wide range of dermal, dental, ocular and aural conditions. Preparations were generally quite simple, comprising either isolated organs from the animal (liver, blood, teeth, skin) or the whole carcass, usually in the form of a pulverised ash.

HYGIENIC AND SANITARY CONDITIONS IN THE PRISONS OF THE PRINCIPALITY AND KINGDOM OF SERBIA: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

Author(s): Miroslav M. Popović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 41/2022

The aim of the paper is to briefly present the hygienic and sanitary conditions of life of prisoners in the prison institutions of the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia, based on preserved testimonies of prisoners, as well as literature and sources related to the Belgrade County Court, the Požarevac Penitentiary, and some other prison facilities in different periods of the 19th century, paying attention to both male and female prisoners. In this way, in the form of an overview, the work is an attempt to present how Serbian state dealt with the question of sanitary conditions and modernization in Serbian prison institutions during the previously mentioned period, with an introductory section, which refers to the institution of prisons in Europe in the 19th century, for a wider context.

THE SECOND COLD WAR AND THE CRISIS OF THE GLOBAL ORDER: PANDEMIC, POPULISM AND ECONOMIC DECOMPOSITION

Author(s): Nikola Samardžić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 41/2022

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, and in a broadest historical and economic context, the essence of globalization was the integration of China in the world market. China, however, did not become a free, democratic state, on the contrary, its totalitarian order did not ensure predictable decisions in relations with Western partners, in the pandemic, in the economy, above all in global supply chains. China’s authoritarian bureaucracy, not accountable to independent institutions, has become irresponsible in global relations. Care and responsibility towards public health have become new factors of democratic standards and global order.

L’insospettata prossimità della memoria storica: Descarriadas (2018) di Laila Ripoll

Author(s): Veronica Orazi / Language(s): Italian Issue: 44/2023

Descarriadas is a monologue about an atrocious legacy of Francoism: the internment in the centres of the Patronato de Protección a la Mujer (1941-1984) of girls considered descarriadas, that is, stragglers. To end up in these reformatories, it was enough to deviate even slightly from the morals imposed by the regime and to be reported by supervisors in charge of this type of control. Among the shocking aspects of the story, the continuation of this practice and the existence of the centres until the mid-1980s stands out. Over a period of forty years, this phenomenon involved thousands of girls: another example of a silenced intra-history that the play transforms into a cry, giving voice to the victims.

Prilog za biografiju vođe muslimanske milicije u Sandžaku Sulejmana Pačariza (1895.-1945?)

Author(s): Željko Karaula / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 91-92/2023

U radu se na osnovu arhivskih izvora (Državni arhiv Crne Gore, Hrvatski državni arhiv, Arhiv Jugoslavije, Vojni arhiv Srbije, različite privatne ostavštine i rukopisi) i literature te tiskovina pokušava rekonstruirati biografi ja vođe muslimanske milicije Sulejmana Pačariza, uglavnom za vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata, iako je radom obuhvaćen cijeli njegov život. Rad u suštini promatra odnosno opisuje složene događaje i vojno-političke procese u regiji Sandžaka tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata s težištem na djelovanje Pačariza i njegove milicije. Kompleksnost mnogostrukih aktera događaja (Italija, Njemačka, četnički pokret, ustaška NDH, muslimanski faktor) s različitim interesima na tadašnjoj vojno-političkoj sceni Sandžaka u ratno vrijeme te nedostatak primarnih izvora u dobrom dijelu onemogućuju da se njegova biografija i djelovanje kao i djelovanje njegove muslimanske milicije kojoj je bio na čelu postave u pravom historiografskom smislu. Ipak, i ovi historiografski izvori koji su nam bili dostupni su nam omogućili da te događaje pa i ličnost Pačariza i pripadnika njegove milicije djelomično rekonstruiramo te tako pružimo pogled i na to dramatično i traumatično razdoblje prošlosti Sandžaka.

Vakufi i vjerski život u Novskom kadiluku prema osmanskom popisu iz 1701. godine

Author(s): Ivan Radulović / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 91-92/2023

Like other kadiluks in the system of Turkish administrative division, Novskikadiluk was located between the basic administrative units of sandjak and nahiya.It belonged to the Herzegovinian sandžak, which was founded in 1470, and the kadiluk itself was founded in 1485 and its seat was in Herceg Novi.

Istorija “laži”, Osmanlije i “grijehovi Bošnjaka”

Author(s): Šerbo Rastoder / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 91-92/2023

Viševjekovna vladavina Osmanlija Balkanskim poluostrvom, po prirodi stvari, uticala je na mnoge segmente svakodnevice tamošnjeg življa i one se prepoznaju u jeziku, kulturi u najširem smislu, kulturi ishrane, stanovanja, etnologiji i mnogo toga još, o čemu je nastala brojna literatura. Predmet našeg interesovanja je dugo godina bio okrenut izučavanju sadržaju i posljedicama te vladavine. Iako je ona prestala prije više od jednog vijeka, nema naroda kojeg se toliko ticala vladavina Osmanlija koliko je to bilo kod Bošnjaka i u pozitivnom i u negativnom smislu. Zašto? Odgovori na ovo pitanje su veoma složeni i tiču se oblikovanja “slike” Osmanlija u nacionalnim i evropskim istoriografi jama. Ako imamo na umu da je intezivno gradjenje te “slike” započeto u drugoj polovini XIX vijeka, tj. u vrijeme nacionalromantizma i samim tim potrebe demonizacije Osmanlija, koju su strpljivo gradili u viševjekovnoj naraciji i balkanski narodi i Evropljani.