Ritualni običaji kod Srba, nasleđe predaka arhaični oblici paganskih praznika u hrišćanstvu

Author(s): Jelena Jocić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2019

Folk Christianity and numerous folk beliefs, which are a part of the rich folk tradition, originate from primitive cults and nations. Christian holly holidays are often a transformation of traditional pagan holidays and festivals. They occurred as a result of cultural and religious assimilation, as the missionaries sent to spread Christianity in Europe, faced with live religions of the nations that lived at that time on the Old continent. The assimilated nations took with them also their memory of their “idols”, which could have not been accepted in Christianity that strictly forbid their worship. Impossibility of practicing the pagan rituals caused the “dying out” of their religion, which remained only a thought without foundation, reduced to old memories. The ancient memories that lived in the nation, found their way and were revived in its imagination, continue their life having taken root in the myth. The ancient pagan cults served as the inspiration to the new religion that was spreading through Europe. The old “idols“ were dressed in new clothes and became Christian saints protectors; the ancient customs were adjusted to the Christian God, and the polytheistic religions was replaced by a new one – monotheistic, as one religion cannot exist without rituals and rites.

Наказания и санкции, налагани на православни свещеници и енориаши на Балканите през XVII–XVIII век (по османски документален материал)

Author(s): Krasimira Mutafova / Language(s): Turkish,English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The study is focused on the ecclesiastical penalties and sanctions (one of the most sufficient aspects of the development of Christianity, since the formation of the Christian church, worship and cult), imposed on the Orthodox clergy and parishioners in the Balkans during the 17th and 18th cc., an еspecially dynamic and controversial period in the history of the Orthodox Church under the Ottoman rule. In the study are discussed unpublished documents from the “Piskopos kalemi” fund of Baюbakanlэk Osmanlэ Arюivi – Эstanbul – patriarchal and metropolitan pleas (arzuhals), public petitions (mahzars) and various types of sultan orders (fermans, hьkms, etc.), as well as a large part of the published Patriarchal and Metropolitan berats and others. The comparative analysis of this complete information and the cases of Orthodox canonical law, especially the nomocans of the 17th and 18th cc., gives the opportunity to comment in details the different types of ecclesiastical punishments and sanctions imposed on laymen and clergy (priests and bishops) concerning: problems encountered in collecting church taxes and charges; a different type of “deviations” from moral-ethical Christian norms and canonical requirements; the family-marriage relationships of the parishioners. The commented documents reveal not only the complete register of applied church punishments against the clergy and the laity – penances (fasting, prayer, pilgrimage), temporary and full excommunication, the significant “haircut” of the priests, but also the peculiarities and essential features of applied church law.

Енорийски мрежа и религиозност в региона на Попово през XVI–XVII в.

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

We will concentrate our attention on the smallest entity which shaped the infrastructure of the church organization – the parish in the region of Popovo. Analysis of the registers from the 16th century in (1524–1550; 1555–1556; 1598) shows us the presence of one complete parish network. The large number of priests and sons of priests in some settlements shows growth and consolidation of the parish network in a number of settlements – Dolne Kovachofche, Palamariche, Haydar, Ablanovo and Gagovo. This is probably due to the migration of clerics from other parts of the empire to these Christian villages. On the other hand, a large part of the villages remain without priests throughout the studied period. The reason for the “lack” of priesthood is not only the “deficiency” of priests but also the small number of the registered Christian population in these villages during 17th century. The widespread use of names borrowed from the Christian church shows the high degree of religiosity of people and the place of religion in their lives.

Количествена характеристика на хамамите в градовете от днешна България през XVI–XVII в.

Author(s): Zhulieta Gyuleva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Together with the mosques, hamams are among the most characteristic Muslim public buildings. Usually they were part of an architectural complex – imaret. In addition to the Friday mosque and a number of commercial buildings, there was also a hamam in the urban center. Their place and importance in the architectural and urban planning of the settlements has not been studied yet. In this study we look at the issue of the number of hamams in some Bulgarian towns during XVI–XVII c., what is due to, whether it is permanent or not, and how much it is related to the size and the population of the cities. Since they are part of a vast empire, they must to be placed in any case in the context of the other Ottoman provinces. This will allow the question to be answered if there is a difference between them or the things are identical.

Религиозната почит към Рилския светец в контекста на османските завоевания на Балканите

Author(s): Venelin Grudkov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The focus of the study are two texts from the hagiographic cycle for Saint John of Rila. The first one is Vladislav Gramatik’s Rila Story, which represents the act of return of the saint’s relics to the Rila Monastery in 1469 as the first attempt for Balkan Orthodox consolidation after the Ottoman conquest. The second text is The Life with a Short Encomium by Demetrius Cantacuzenus where the historical exposition examines the reasons for the destruction of the Balkan Orthodox civilization.

Западните Балкани (земите на Албания) през XV в. в текстовете на западни пътешественици

Author(s): Ivayla Popova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The purpose of the present article is to scrutinize some curious details concerning the Balkans to be found in the western travel notes during the 15th century. Our attention was primarily concentrated on the data provided by Roberto Sanseverino, Alessandro Ariosto, Santo Brasca, Bernard von Breidenbach, Konrad Grьnemberg, and Arnold von Harff. The travellers listed above provide rather intriguing information concerning specific customary practices, language, religion, manufacture, costume, agriculture, trade, wine production, etc. In this study we focus on data about the lands of Albania and their cities, on the texts describing actual political situation, there included the administration and taxation, the fear of the Ottoman omnipotence, the eventual military opportunities, coeval events or such of the recent past.

Лясковският манастир „Св. св. Петър и Павел“ и социалната дейност на Търновската митрополия през първата половина на XX в.

Author(s): Anka Ignatova,Lora Doncheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article examines the social activity of Veliko Tarnovo Diocese in one of the oldest Bulgarian monasteries – the St. Peter and St. Paul Monastery of Lyaskovets in the first half of the 20th century. Within the period under consideration, the monastery was inhabited for a while by a monastic fraternity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, but according to specific public needs, it opened its doors to various noble initiatives in favour of Russian emigrants and Bulgarian citizens.

Статуквото: антифашизъм/ фашизъм – случаят „Радко“ в БЮРМ, 2000/2016 г.

Author(s): Dimitrina Naneva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Five European documents of different institutions (1996–2009), describe the transition’s rules in East- and Central Europe after 1989. Nevertheless R Macedonia (1992) continues to exist in the “antifascism-status-quo” shadow; its core is the ideology of Macedonism, i.e. the Serbiancommunist idea that the local population is by Slav-birth and is not a part of the Bulgarian nation. The “antifacism status-quo” is a creation of the Comintern (1919); its Balkans section adopts a resolution (1934) for the “Macedonian nation” invention; in September 1944 it is “built” a “Macedonian language”. So the Comintern internationalism ideology backs the Slav-Serbian position of the non-Bulgarian origin of the native-born population in Vardar Macedonia in practice. The undersigned Anticomintern pact (1936) between Germany and Italie ideologically traces the forthcoming war conflict. During the war (1941–1944) Bulgaria fulfils only administrative governance duties in Vardar Macedonia. At the end of 1944 under the Jugoslav communist party pressure (Comintern party member too!), it is enacted a special law (in a “Democratic Macedonia” – 1945!): the so-called “Macedonian national honour injury” law; the Bulgarians and the Albanians are proclaimed to be “fascist ocuppiers” of Vardar Macedonia.”Radko” is the one of the pseudonims of the last VMRO leader –Ivan Michailov and it is a NGO. It is founded in 2001 in Ohrid. Its aim is “to protect the Bulgarian national identity of the local population”. During 16 years and under the pretence of different judicial causes of Macedonian court at the different levels it is not registrated legally in R Macedonia. After three consecutive appeals by the “Radko” NGO to the European court of human rights in Strasbourg it is registrated finally on 6.October 2016 in R Macedonia.

Частните училища в Кърджалийски регион (1919–1939 г. )

Author(s): Mustafa Emurla / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The education of the children of Bulgarian subjects in the Kingdom of Bulgaria belonging to ethnic and religious communities other than the Bulgarian is held in public, private and foreign schools. The number of children belonging to the Bulgarian-Mohammedan and Turkish population in Bulgaria is predominant during the period under review. By number of schools and children covered, private Turkish schools in the Kardzhali region ranked first in the country. The status of private schools is determined by the Bulgarian educational legislation, in accordance with the international agreements of Bulgaria. According to Art. 55 of the Treaty of Neuilly, undertakes to enable minority children to study in primary schools in the own language. The implementation of this provision is not applied by the Bulgarian educational institutions in the country and the region. According to them, providing opportunities for further education of children in public schools requires more financial resources to support them than in private Turkish schools. The Ministry of National Education after the changes in the National Education Act in 1921. takes measures to increase teachers in Bulgarian language, Bulgarian history and geography in private Turkish schools. Due to the lack of teachers of Bulgarian language of Turkish origin, at the request of the Mustangli District School Inspectorate, teachers of Bulgarian origin are appointed. The tendency for increasing Bulgarian teachers in private Turkish schools is maintained during the period under review. Their appointment meets resistance from some Muslim clergy who attach greater importance to religious education and upbringing to maintain their influence among the local Turkish population. The management of BANU increases the financial support for private Turkish schools. After the military coup on June 9, 1923 there has been a change in the government’s educational policy towards private schools regarding the limitation of funding for Turkish private schools. The policy of reducing the financial costs of private Turkish schools continued to govern governments after the coup of May 19, 1934. Due to poor hygiene conditions, poor physical and educational background, lack of competent Turkish teachers, non-compliance with state education law, many private Turkish schools in the country and the region are closed.

Аксиологизацията на Достоевски в руската литература в българската литературна критика от 20-те и 30-те години на XX век

Author(s): Dechka Chavdarova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The text reveals the criteria for axiologisation of Dostoevsky’s work in the Bulgarian literary press from the 1920s and 1930s (ideological, instrumental, ethical, pragmatic / patriotic, aesthetic) by tracing its readings from the viewpoint of the “Russian soul“, the “Slavic idea“, and universal ideas. The texts of Bulgarian literary critics reveal the evolution of the reception of Dostoevsky’s work – from the idea of ts being foreign to Bulgarian mentality, to the transformation of his ideas into “one’s own“.

Език, литература и идеи в древноирландския абецедарий „Altus Prosator“

Author(s): Rosen Milanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The Latin Christian literature in Ireland is a specific linguistic, literary and theological area. One of the works of this type of literature is “Altus Prosator” whose author is unknown, probably St. Columba of Iona († 610). In this article, the linguistic specifics, literary characteristics and theological ideas in the ancient Christian hymn are discussed. Linguistically, it stands out because of the presence of foreign loans and some unusual forms. From a literary point of view, it is an abecedarius (an alphabetical poem) without steps, but with rhyme. In a theological perspective, the poem is a kind of а confession of faith, а poetic history of salvation and a paraphrase of the biblical book “Apocalypsis”. All these circumstances make “Altus Prosator” the most valuable work of Ancient Irish Christian literature.

Поселищни проучвания в община Неделино

Author(s): Slavi Dimitrov,Tatyana Dimitrova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Settlement studies have an interdisciplinary character and affect a number of areas of scientific knowledge: history, geography, ethnology, archeology, Bulgarian language and of course, onomastics. The municipality of Nedelino is interesting for its cultural and historical heritage and unique Nedelino two-voice, which is not found elsewhere in Bulgaria. Here you can feel the Rhodopean lifestyle and culture and get to know the spirituality of the Rhodopean people.

Селищни и местни имена, съхранили етнонима „печенег“

Author(s): Darina Cherneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Agoronimy i hodonimy jako wyraz ideologii, kultury i propagandy w okupowanej Polsce podczas II wojny oewiatowej

Author(s): Piotr Owsiński / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article presents the results of the analysis of the trends in the changing of the names for streets and squares of a selection of towns and villages in the Busko County during the Second World War. The examples are sorted because of the function of the name: the hodonyms, which show a direction, the hodonyms with the lokalization function, the possessive hodonyms, the hodonyms with describing function, the names of streets, which remind about the important people or events. Despite of it is drawn the attention to the tendencies of the naems’ giving in each place.

Имената на братя и сестри, родени през периода 2008–2017 г. (по данни от анкетно проучване)

Author(s): Rada Levkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The paper présents a study on the names of brothers and sisters born in the period of 2008 - 2017. The data was collected with the help of a questionnaire filled by the parents. The aim is to fînd ont if the names tend to hâve the sanie common characteristics as the ones noted in an earlier research.

Топонимията на с. Делчево, Гоцеделчевско

Author(s): Nikolay Dautov / Language(s): Turkish,English,Bulgarian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Issue: 1/2020

This article is a contribution to the study of the toponomy of the village of Delchevo, located in the Gotse Delchev region. It complements the book “Local names in the Gotse Delchev region (Nevrokop region)” by Yordan Ivanov. One hundred and sixty local names from the area of the village, which are missing in the study done by Ivanov (not registered), are represented here. The article also contains 28 new street names of the village of Popovi livadi, which was established in 2015.

СРПСКИ ПРЕВОД ХЕКСАБИБЛОСА ПЕТРА ВИТКОВИЋА

Author(s): Sima Avramović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 5/1984

A small number o sources still offer information that, in the last decade of the XVIII century, the Yegarian priest Petar Vitković translated the famous work of the Thessalonika jurist Constantin Armenopulos »Hexabybloss« in to the Serbian language by order of the Archbishop Stratimirović. Although this Serbian translation of the famous Vizantinian codex, unknown and virtually unrecorded in the Yugoslav literature of the history of law, has not been preserved, since the manuscript was burnt in Budapest in 1810, the author has made an attempt to analyse its legal and political significance, as well as the couse of its origin, on the basis of the scarce-direct and indirect- sources. Two groups of conditions can be distinguished as the possible motivation of the Serbian priests to decide upon this translation: firstly, clerical and legal factors; secondly, national and political factors. The disorderly and incomplete state of the Orthodox Canonian law, which was in use in the residence of the Archbishop, Karlovac, for the Serbian people in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, necessitated the systematic classification of especially the so-called authoritative church (clerical) sources. Whats more, the motive for this translation was also the necessity of the modernization of the Orthodox Church marriage and family law, simultaneously with the aspiration of preserving its authority. On the other hand, the translation of the Orthodox Vizantinian Codex, which at that time had been published in the new Greek and Bulgarian languages, and had successfully been in use among the Orthodox — religious people under the Otoman rule, was in agreement with the main policy of the Serbian Orthodoc Church clergy. That policy was, the struggle for the preservation of the Orthodox religion, the idea of national emancipation, and the discrete political inclination toward Russia. However, there are no absolutely verified facts to prove that there was also the aspiration inaugurate the implementation of Roman law in the process, and bring it closer to Austrian law, nor that it was the expression of the wish to enliven the Medieval Serbian State and legal tradition. The translation, however, does clearly represent an attempt to bring closer Greek and Vizantinian legal literature to the clerical and legal culture of the Serbian people in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the last decade of the XVIII century.

Jak folk pamięta o folklorze? Uwikłania wyobraźni w pamięci i mitach o kulturze ludowej

Author(s): Paweł Mirowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

This paper highlights the phenomenon of folk music in terms of a medium of cultural memory. The imaginaires about it are based on the Slavic and folk myth which shaped the forms of expressing folklore over the past two centuries. It is an attempt to switch the discussion from whether folk is able to have a positive influence in traditional folklore preservation, into the sphere of the identitiy issue. Folk music does not necessarily have to evoke the established Polish identity related to folk culture, but it gives an immediate sense of community, at supranational level, including the interslavic one.

Лирик в епохата на развития социализъм и високоразвития капитализъм: Бодлер на Димитър Аврамов и Валтер Бенямин

Author(s): Vladimir Sabourin / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

This study considers two major interpretations of Charles Baudelaire: Dimitar Avramov’s first and only Bulgarian biography and Walter Benjamin’s monograph A Lyric Poet in the Era of High Capitalism. Both are put in the aesthetic and social context of the Bulgarian late “developed socialism” and postmodernist “peaceful transition” from socialism to capitalism.

Politika identit v čínských enklávách amerických měst: muzejní narace

Author(s): Daniel Topinka,Jakub Havlíček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

This text deals with ethnopolitical identities as presented to visitors to Chinese enclaves by their inhabitants themselves in museums of Chinese enclaves in the United States. We focus on three locations: San Francisco, New York, and Chicago. The text briefly introduces the history of Chinese immigration and the establishment of the Chinese as a minority within the American nation. It focuses on the content of the permanent exhibitions, it describes and analyzes the forms of representing Chinese identities in these museums. At a theoretical level, we draw on the concept of identity politics. We apply a syntagmatic approach, using a method of narrative analysis of the exhibitions, comparing the sequential development of the museum narrative in the order it is intended to be presented to museum visitors. We identify the various elements of the design of the exhibitions and the themes presented. Our research was conducted during field trips of the authors between 2013–2019. The exhibitions come with a so-called canonical narrative that is linearly conceived and introduces the “harmony” of Chinese and American identities. The canonical narrative is coherently and logically conceived, the presented themes support the whole narrative. The canonical narrative illuminates the presence of Chinese immigrants as a journey from exclusion to full emancipation and recognition of their equality, with reference to cultural specifics of Chinese sociocultural identities.