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Právna úprava pozemkového vlastníctva v Československu do prijatia občianskeho zákonníka z roku 1950.

Právna úprava pozemkového vlastníctva v Československu do prijatia občianskeho zákonníka z roku 1950.

Author(s): Martin Skaloš / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2012

The article provides a brief historical and legal development of land ownership in Czechoslovakia until the adoption of the Civil Code in 1950. In the historical development it occurs regularly in greater or smaller degree that it was restricted for private or public ends. The Industrial Revolution in the 19th century brought the necessity of change in the possession and land ownership, which was considered as a corner stone of the production. In the Czech regions and Slovakia the revolutionary changes occurred in the 20th century, when the response to new European post-war organization and the establishment of independent Czechoslovak Republic brought about the demand of radical changes in land ownership. However, since the second half of 20th century came radical changes in political and economical organization of society and associated land owners restrictions, for the purpose of realization of the idea of gradual land collectivization, which was significantly reflected in the creation of new users relations intervening in the land ownership.

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Отношението на Народна република България към религията

Отношението на Народна република България към религията

Author(s): Ramis Myumyun / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The coup of September 9, 1944 and the seizure of power by the Bulgarian Communist Party led to deep and comprehensive changes in the Bulgarian society and state. Bulgaria is embarking on the path of socialism, related to the imposition of a new value system on the entire society, a new way of life, behavior and thinking, limited within the framework of Marxist-Leninist ideology and copying Soviet practice. At that time, all public institutions aimed to form the ideal socialist personality, with the corresponding worldview, beliefs and morals. The main elements of communist education are political, labor, economic, moral, legal, aesthetic, physical and atheistic. It is on the latter element that the current study is focused, which aims to establish the attitude of the People's Republic of Bulgaria to religion, both to Christianity and to Islam.

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Черно море в условията на война в Украйна

Черно море в условията на война в Украйна

Author(s): Ramis Myumyun / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This report examines the war between Russia and Ukraine and its impact in the Black Sea region. A region that is of key geopolitical importance to both Russia and NATO. The report goes through several main highlights for analysis. The first of them examines the historical origin of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine and its development in different periods. The following emphasis is placed on the role of the Crimean peninsula and the Black Sea through the prism of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, NATO and the other countries of the Black Sea region. Last but not least, the present analysis examines the military balance of power in the Black Sea region and how it is affected by the war.

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Френското винопроизводство след XVI в. пространствено-времеви аспекти

Френското винопроизводство след XVI в. пространствено-времеви аспекти

Author(s): Atanas Dermendzhiev,Magdalena Sokolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article reviews the development and territorial distribution of viticulture and winemaking in France after the 16th century. The historical analysis is through the prism of the new socio-economic relations between the countries and the leading positions of France in political and economic terms. The emphasis is on the forms and trends in wine trade and the specifics of its production in different regions of the country.

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Историко-географски поглед върху лозарството и винопроизводството във Франция до XVI в.

Историко-географски поглед върху лозарството и винопроизводството във Франция до XVI в.

Author(s): Atanas Dermendzhiev,Magdalena Sokolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article reviews the creation, development and territorial distribution of viticulture and winemaking in the lands of today's France until the end of the 16th century. Historical analysis supports the changing geography of these economic activities and the leading role in defining geographic regions in view of their importance in specific historical stages.

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reviews

reviews

Author(s): Josef Hrdlička,Jakub Kalvoda,František Schwarz,Kateřina Pražáková,Ondřej Lee Stolička,Václav Pražák,Josef Grulich,Markéta Skořepová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

Reviews of: 1. Jennifer Bonnell – Sean Kheraj (edd.), Traces of the Animal Past. Methodological Challenges in Animal History 2. Martin Čapský a kolektiv, Reprezentace a praxe sociální kontroly v pozdně středověkých městech 3. Patrik Paštrnák, Dynasty in Motion. Wedding Journeys in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe 4. Dorothée Goetze – Lena Oetzel (edd.), Early Modern European Diplomacy. A Handbook 5. Daniel Bellingradt – Anna Reynolds (edd.), The Paper Trade in Early Modern Europe. Practices, Materials, Networks 6. Catherine Powell-Warren, Gender, and Self-Fashioning at the Intersection of Art and Science. Agnes Block, Botany and Networks in the Dutch 17th Century 7. Zuzana Vlasáková, Mezi normou a každodenní praxí. Správa komorních panství Pardubice, Poděbrady a Kolín v letech 1614-1702 8. Aleksandra Ziober, Postawy elit Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego wobec elekcji Władysława IV Wazy i Michała Korybuta Wiśniowieckiego 9. Giulio Merlani, Papato e politica internazionale nel Seicento. Il nunzio Francesco Buonvisi alla corte di Leopoldo I ďAsburgo imperatore e re ďUngheria 10. Jonathan Singerton, The American Revolution and the Habsburg Monarchy 11. Sixtus Bolom-Kotari a kolektiv, Zrozeni z osvícenských reforem. Toleranční kazatelé z Uher v procesu formování české společnosti (1781-1870) 12. Jan Županič, Habsburská šlechta. Proměna elit podunajské monarchie v dlouhém 19. století

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Новоразкрити мозайки от епископската базилика на Филипопол (2019 - 2021)

Новоразкрити мозайки от епископската базилика на Филипопол (2019 - 2021)

Author(s): Elena Kantareva-Decheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

During the construction of the Visitor Center building over the Episcopal Basilica of Philippopolis in the period 2019-2021 continued the research, conservation and display of the mosaics and architectural sculpture. This publication presents the team’s preliminary observations on the recently discovered mosaic floors carried out in parallel with their conservation.

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Wpływ poglądów Cycerona na model ustroju Stanów Zjednoczonych oraz konstytucję federalną

Wpływ poglądów Cycerona na model ustroju Stanów Zjednoczonych oraz konstytucję federalną

Author(s): Monika Góral / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

Marek Tulliusz Cyceron dzięki swojej postawie oraz działalności naukowej stał się idealną inspiracją dla czołowych postaci rewolucji amerykańskiej. Wpływ jego poglądów jest widoczny m.in. w systemie politycznym oraz Konstytucji Federalnej Stanów Zjednoczonych. Ponadto, prawo naturalne, którego był orędownikiem oraz pojęcie własności prywatnej stały się fundamentem, na którym opiera się amerykański system prawny.Marcus Tullius Cicero, who was an active politician, diplomat, philosopher, andstatesman during the declining period of the Roman Republic, became an idealinspiration for leading figures of the American Revolution because of his attitudesand scholarly activities. The influence of his views can be seen in the politicalsystem and the Federal Constitution of the United States. In addition, the naturallaw he advocated and the concept of private property became the foundation onwhich the American legal system is based

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Podstawowe regulacje dotyczące prawa oświatowego okresu II Rzeczypospolitej

Podstawowe regulacje dotyczące prawa oświatowego okresu II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Jerzy Nikołajew / Language(s): Polish Issue: 65/2024

Okres II Rzeczypospolitej to czas tworzenia się nowego systemu oświaty po okresie zaborów. Polityka oświatowa była koordynowana przez Ministerstwo Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego a realizowana przez władze państwowe i organy samorządu terytorialnego. Po 1920 r. wprowadzono okręgi szkolne a w 1932 r. przeprowadzona została gruntowna reforma oświatowa. Utworzenie samorządu oświatowego oraz zadania związane z budową i finansowaniem szkół, także kwestie dotyczące szkolnictwa wyższego, gimnazjalnego, seminariów nauczycielskich oraz wychowania przedszkolnego i pozaszkolnego to podstawowe kwestie regulacji ustawowych dotyczących oświaty w Polsce w latach 1918-1939. Mimo trudności udało się zmodyfikować system szkolny, wprowadzić reformę oświatową oraz silny samorząd nauczycielski. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie trudności w zakresie stworzenia jednolitego systemu prawa oświatowego w Polsce w okresie po odzyskaniu niepodległości.

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Cultural Diplomacy and the Cold War Period

Cultural Diplomacy and the Cold War Period

Author(s): Hrustan Šišić / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2024

In addition to the massive arms race, the Cold War was psychological in winning over and attracting foreign individuals, groups, and governments. This study analyzes the very important role of cultural diplomacy in the Cold War, a period marked by intense geopolitical tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. Taking into account the catastrophic consequences of a possible direct military conflict between the two superpowers, cultural diplomacy and the concept of projecting soft power to achieve national interests was of crucial importance. Focusing on the interplay between the two superpowers, this study analyzes the mechanisms and influence of cultural diplomacy on international relations during the Cold War. Moreover, it analyzes the approach of the United States and the Soviet Union to this concept and provides insight into the key strategic differences in the use of cultural diplomacy in foreign policy of the period.

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Interkulturani i intermedijalni identitet južnoslavenskih književnosti

Interkulturani i intermedijalni identitet južnoslavenskih književnosti

Author(s): Šeherzada Džafić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2024

Review of: Nadija Rebronja: Tačke ispod teksta, istočno od zapada. Prilozi južnoslavenskoj komparatistici i interkulturalnom čitanju, Akademska knjiga, Novi Sad, 2023

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Łukasz Ciepliński (1913–1951) – bohater niedoceniony

Łukasz Ciepliński (1913–1951) – bohater niedoceniony

Author(s): Zbigniew K. Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The intention of this article is to introduce to wider circles of Polish society the figure of Colonel Łukasz Ciepliński – an officer in the regular service of the Polish Army, including the ZWZ/AK, then an activist of the Freedom and Independence Association (WiN) and the last president of its Main Management Board. Ciepliński sentencing to death by a communist military court for his service in the anti-Nazi conspiracy in the Podkarpacie region and his anti-communist independence activity in the first years of The Polish People’s Republic meant that he was simultaneously erased from the pages of Polish history. Nonetheless, his biography contains facts and events that build the historical awareness of contemporary Poles, a sentiment he expressed in secret messages written from his death cell to his wife and son.

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АТРИБУТИВНЫЕ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ КАК СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА В ВОЕННЫХ ПАНЕГИРИКАХ ФЕОФАНА ПРОКОПОВИЧА

АТРИБУТИВНЫЕ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ КАК СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА В ВОЕННЫХ ПАНЕГИРИКАХ ФЕОФАНА ПРОКОПОВИЧА

Author(s): Olga S. Kazakovtseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2024

This paper examines the functioning of attributive word combinations in three military panegyrics by Feofan Prokopovich: “A Word of Praise for the Glorious Victory over the Armies of Sweden” (1709), “A Word of Praise for the Battle of Poltava” (1717), and “A Word of Praise for the Russian Navy” (1720). The significance of this study arises from the limited exploration of the linguistic characteristics in Prokopovich’s works of praise. The objective of this research is to analyze the arrangement of components in attributive word combinations within these texts and to describe the stylistic elements employed in their construction. A total of 1155 attributive constructions were collected through continuous sampling. The analysis utilized structural-functional, descriptive-comparative, and semanticstylistic methods. The findings indicate a slight predominance of prepositive contact constructions, with the author employing the postposition of attributes as a stylistic device. Furthermore, it was observed that attributive word combinations in panegyric texts serve as a vital tool for creating a formal rhetorical style, employing techniques such as antithesis, amplification, repetition, and other strategies to enhance the eloquence of the discourse. Overall, attributive word combinations emerge as expressive and stylistic devices that vividly illustrate Peter the Great’s military achievements.

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Dziedziczenie tradycji Armii Krajowej we współczesnych Siłach Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

Dziedziczenie tradycji Armii Krajowej we współczesnych Siłach Zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

Author(s): Przemysław Wywiał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The article presents the forms of inheritance of the home army traditions in the contemporary Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland. The legal basis for inheritance of weapon traditions in the Polish Army was discussed. Examples of inheritance of the home Army tradition in selected military formations are shown. They are referred to primarily by special forces and Territorial Defense Forces.

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Tradycje Armii Krajowej kultywowane w Jednostce Wojskowej Komandosów

Tradycje Armii Krajowej kultywowane w Jednostce Wojskowej Komandosów

Author(s): Paweł Wronka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The article is focused on Polish Home Army (Armia Krajowa – AK) heritage (home army battalions: ‘Parasol’, ‘Zośka’ and ‘Miotła’) preserved in the oldest Polish SOF unit: Commando Special Forces Group (JWK) in Lubliniec. The main thesis of the article is answering the question: do JWK soldiers proudly preserve AK heritage and how it is shown. AK heritage can be recognized on the most important JWK military symbols: colors, badges and the monument of fallen SOF soldiers. Preserving AK heriatage JWK carries out many activities. The main ones include: anniversary celebrations (including the anniversary of the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, the Arsenal Action, Koppe Action, Kutsher Action), veterans’ birthdays, holiday meetings, activities of the JWK Club and many, many others, often organized at the grassroots level by individual teams or even individual soldiers, which include: awarding Brig. Janusz Brochwicz-Lewiński pseudonym ‘Gryf’ as an honorary member of JWK, developing a special calendar for the 70th anniversary of the outbreak of the Warsaw Uprising, and developing a film in cooperation with the Warsaw Uprising Museum titled ‘Commemorate with dignity’. For a JWK soldier, inheriting tradition is not an obligation. It is an incredible honor and a reason to be proud of being the heir to the best Polish special forces units of World War II. Inheriting the traditions of the Home Army battalions ‘Parasol’, ‘Zośka’ and ‘Miotła’ is also important for the performance of duties by JWK soldiers. For over a decade, the commandos from Lubliniec have been proving that they belong to the world’s highest league of special forces. ‘Parasolki’, ‘Miotły’ and ‘Zośki’ patches were visible in Afghanistan, where for several years 1 PSK, and then JWK, was responsible not only for conducting the highest- risk operations but also for training Afghan special forces. It was the heirs of ‘Parasol’, together with the ‘Afghan tigers’ they had trained, who carried out one of the most spectacular operations in the history of the ISAF mission – Operation Sledgehammer. JWK soldiers are ambassadors of their predecessors who, through their actions, ensure that the memory of great patrons will never be lost.

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Znaczenie dziedziczenia tradycji cichociemnych spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej przez Jednostkę Wojskową GROM

Znaczenie dziedziczenia tradycji cichociemnych spadochroniarzy Armii Krajowej przez Jednostkę Wojskową GROM

Author(s): Piotr Orłowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

This article aims to describe the key aspects related to the inheritance of the traditions of the Cichociemni Silent Unseen Paratroopers of the Home Army by the Special Missions Unit GROM. It also intends to outline the specifics of this particular case and, in doing so, provide a general indication of how the awareness of inherited traditions and their continuation is a crucial element in the functioning of each component within the Polish Armed Forces. Special Missions Unit GROM, as a leading element in the Polish Armed Forces, serves as a significant example to illustrate the phenomenon under discussion.

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Някои категории население със специални задължения във Врачанско XV - XVIII век

Някои категории население със специални задължения във Врачанско XV - XVIII век

Author(s): Neli Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The territories of the Vratsa Region, as part of the Ottoman Empire in the XV – XVIII century, were a nodal strategic border zone for a large part of this period. As such, a number of settlements here were inhabited by a population with special duties and with specific functions in the Ottoman military-economic system. A large part of the settlements in the region had the status of voynushki – entirely or mixed. The Voynushka’s landed properties in Vratsa region had small land holdings, of the order of 15 – 20 denyums of fields, vineyards, gardens, meadows and threshing floors. From the beginning of the 17th century, the Voynushka institute starts to decline, a number of Voynushkas abandoned their properties and/or began to cultivate other types of land. A special category of population are the Cherehors (cherahors, jerahors), who are classified with various specific functions – both as master builders and masons, workers in the maintenance of fortresses and fortifications, as well as sailors, steering ships, or a type of bachelors, pulling the Ottoman fleet of ports.

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Панаирите през погледа на мемоаристи (спомени от и за Стара Загора)

Панаирите през погледа на мемоаристи (спомени от и за Стара Загора)

Author(s): Svetla Dimitrova,Vanya Doneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

In this article, the authors examine the memoir literature as a source of information about fairs from the mid-19th century to the 1960s. Memories of Stara Zagora residents or personalities connected to Stara Zagora from the considered time period were used. The collected information enriches the picture of urban life with an emotional charge, brings little-known memoirs into scientific circulation and allows the historian to reconstruct the past in a more colorful and imaginative way.

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Архитектите Димитър Цолов и Иван Васильов

Архитектите Димитър Цолов и Иван Васильов

Author(s): Stoyan Nikolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

The two great Bulgarian architects, whose ancestral roots are in Teteven, but were born in Svishtov, after receiving their high school education in Pleven and Sofia, graduated their higher education in Germany and for a few decades after the First World War created most of the landmark buildings in Bulgaria such as the buildings of the Bulgarian National Bank, the Ministry of War, the University Library, the National Library, and many others. Their biographies exemplify the dramatic events in the history of the Third Bulgarian State, as from rebuilders of a temple blown up by the communists and creators of royal properties and buildings of largescale merchants, they had to participate after 1944 in the design and construction of the Party House, complexes for the Red nomenclature, the Soviet Army Monument, the Friendship Bridge, and other largescale socialist sites, which saved them from the typical persecutions against German graduates.

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A szlovákiai magyarság történetének reprezentációja a szlovákiai alapiskolai történelemtankönyvekben

A szlovákiai magyarság történetének reprezentációja a szlovákiai alapiskolai történelemtankönyvekben

Author(s): Krisztina Varga / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2024

In the past two decades, Gyula Popély, Attila Simon, László Szarka, Árpád Popély, Gergely Sallai, József Gyönyör and Katalin Vadkerty have written numerous summaries on the history of Hungarians in Slovakia, but what is less known is what children learn about this period sitting in the classroom. What can Hungarian students in Slovakia learn about their history from the textbooks, so that they can develop and shape their image of Hungarianness and form an emotional attachment to their nation, which could greatly contribute to halting the assimilation process that is affecting Hungarians in Slovakia. Of course, in addition to the school, the values conveyed by the family and home environment, society and culture are also decisive (e.g. commemorating the anniversary of the Treaty of Trianon or the day of remembrance of the Hungarians expelled from southern Slovakia). Since the school is the main source of such impact, we chose to study how our own history is reflected in history textbooks, and so we based our research on history textbooks for primary schools in Slovakia. Unfortunately, however, we do not know what other important events and additions, apart from the information in the textbooks, are mentioned in the lessons by the teachers who teach history. To explore this further, a comprehensive questionnaire survey of history teachers in primary schools in Slovakia would be needed, so in our study we have made observations and drawn conclusions only on the basis of the history textbooks analysed.

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