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The given article tells about the importance and purpose of prayer in human life. The meaning of the word prayer is specified, the types of prayers are listed,d and the provisions of the so-called Alphabet of spiritual life that must be respected by every Christian.
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The special issue “Crisis Communication and Challenges of Disinformation in an Era of Information Warfare: The Ukraine War,” published by ESSACHESS - Journal for Communication Studies earlier this year (2023), offered a forum for addressing aspects related to both the effectiveness and the ethical implications of the particular type of crisis communication constituted by wartime communication. This special issue, “The Global Digital Information Warfare in the Context of the Ukraine War,” published by the journal as a follow-up, provides an opportunity to further discuss aspects related to how the war is perceived and acted upon worldwide.
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On February 24, 2022, Russian military forces attacked the neighboring country of Ukraine. The invasion was overwhelmingly condemned by the international community with multiple countries imposing severe sanctions on Russia and its leaders. This study seeks to evaluate, however, if all these events affected the reputation of the Russian Federation among U.S. college students, the population that is often considered very disengaged from politics and international affairs. To achieve this goal current research is built on one of the most recent studies that measured the reputation of Russia among U.S. college students in 2014. Using the same scale, Global Reputation Measurement, current research collects data that can be compared with the 2014 data and thus can show the change in reputation scores. The results showed that Russia experienced a significant drop in almost all reputation measures from 2014 to 2022 highlighting high reputational costs of the invasion that may affect the country for years to come.
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In this paper, I offer a critical review of Russophone academic research published in 2022 focusing on the Ukraine-Russia crisis. As part of this study, I have examined a selection of articles that appeared in peer-reviewed journals in March – November 2022. Where appropriate, I pay special attention to the rhetoric and the context of published research, taking into account the personal circumstances of the authors and editors and their communicative actions outside scholarly work. I chose to analyse articles deposited in cyberleninka, a Russian Open Access electronic library. Texts analysed in this paper are freely accessible in Russia, so the Russian audience (academic or not) can read and share them without restrictions, complying with the Russian legal system and the sanctions imposed from outside. Hence, by familiarising themselves with some of the material that Russian academics publish and read, the readers of this article will achieve, to some extent, an insider’s view of the Russian academic environment in 2022.
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Medical decision support systems rely on a variety of data to provide advice and predictions that contribute to diagnoses. Data categorizations, which are often hidden and therefore invisible, play a major role in the statistical models implemented in these digital tools. Male/female bicategorization is a paradigmatic case that has been little studied in this context. This study analyzes its use and determinants in pulmonary function measurement as a case study. Using a corpus of sixty articles, carefully selected in the medical literature for their representativeness, and the reference equations on which decision support systems are based, we investigate the role of male/female categorization as used in everyday clinical practice, its origins, and the place of sex and gender in this issue. This research reveals a naturalization of men/women differences in favor of sex, underpinning a binary essentialism of biological sex. Naturalization of men/women differences is a major concern for the use of predictive artificial intelligence models and the development of decision algorithms, with a possible worsening of health disparities as a result of biases in training data.
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The study examines the Digital Services Act (DSA), a landmark regulation in EU platform regulation with a focus on its impact on user safety, transparency, and accountability for Very Large Online Platforms and Search Engines (VLOPSE). Using a legal-theoretical approach grounded in digital constitutionalism, we evaluate the provisions concerning risk and crisis mechanisms as well as accountability issues. Our findings reveal that the DSA introduces significant advancements in platform regulation and governance but also faces limitations in practical implementation and consistency, particularly in preserving digital liberties and addressing systemic risks.
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This study explores the relevance of Guy Debord's theory of the spectacular society in the digital era, focusing on the spread of conspiracy theories. By reviewing contemporary literature and analyzing the Pizzagate case, I examine how traditional media outlets respond to such theories and the ethical dilemmas they face. The results indicate that Debord’s theory remains relevant but requires adaptations to address digital communication dynamics. Media outlets must balance investigating conspiracy theories while maintaining trust and engagement, highlighting the challenge of mitigating their harmful effects on society and democracy.
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Nowadays, regional research, just like in the last century, enjoys genuine respect among Polish and foreign historians, ethnographers and art historians. This has resulted in numerous monographic publications, both single- and multi-authored. Nevertheless, modern regional studies or new regional history should go beyond accepted patterns. Hence, today’s history specialists are expected to use the results of their archival research to strengthen two areas important for local and regional communities. Firstly, to shape the identity of the inhabitants of cities and villages, and, secondly, to influence the economy in accordance with the higher education reform implemented in Poland a few years ago, where emphasis was placed on the so-called cooperation of universities with the socio-economic environment. This article is an attempt to show the latest ways of using historical knowledge to create, among others, original and unique tourist products, based on the example of selected towns and villages in Lesser Poland.
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The article provides a cross-sectional description of the subject of maps in archives, with the phenomenon shown from several perspectives. In the first part, the author examines the presence of cartographic content in archival discourse based on analysis of ten volumes of the “Krakowski Rocznik Archiwalny” (Krakow Archival Annual), and describes the availability of maps in the resources of the National Archives in Krakow. In the next section, he discusses examples of cartographic collections, selected maps, descriptions and the challenges they pose in terms of content analysis. In the Mapy archiwów (Archive maps) section, he presents the possible ways of using interactive maps in sharing and searching archives using geographical indexes. In the following section, Archiwa na mapach (Archives on maps), he discusses the availability of information regarding the locations of archives and their territorial properties. The article also contains a description of four examples of modern geoportals and interactive maps that present old maps from archival resources. In the summary, the author indicates the challenges and potential directions of developing the availability of maps from archives.
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The historicity of the cooperative’s documentation can be considered in the aspect of historical documentation created before 1945 as well as documentation that may have historical value in the future, i.e.: files of collegial bodies, technical documentation, or photographic documentation also as a part of chronicles. The Kujawy Housing Cooperative was a result of the merger of several cooperatives, and its roots date back to the “Zagroda” housing cooperative established on the basis of the German Gartenstadt Genossenschaft Hohensalza (Garden City Cooperative). From the preserved minutes of collegial bodies, we gain basic knowledge about the functioning of the cooperative and the development of the city. The KSM Archive contains also technical documentation created during the construction of housing estates and investment preparation documentation. An example of historical records is technical documentation from 1912 – 6 building plans at 23 Sienkiewicza Street handed over to the State Archives in Bydgoszcz, Inowrocław branch. Photographic documentation includes photos from the construction of housing estates and photos from the activities of community clubs, also as part of cooperative chronicles, presenting history on a micro scale – the development of housing estates and the lives of city residents over the years.
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The correspondence between Romania’s first king, Carol I, and his father, Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, preserved in the Romanian National Archives in Bucharest, is a private exchange of historical and political significance. Prince Karl Anton was an important advisor and confidant to the reigning Prince Carol of Romania, offering guidance on political, military, economic, social, and cultural matters. He also personally advocated for the success of his son's Romanian throne project at the royal and imperial courts of Germany and France. At the same time, between 1866 and 1885, the father remained a close friend and equal discussion partner for his adult son, not only on family matters but also in personal and emotional situations. The following presents the first pages of the written dialogue between father and son, covering Prince Karl of Hohenzollern’s departure for Romania and his arrival in Bucharest in May 1866. This excerpt comes from a published edition, which for the first time fully and scientifically edits and comments on the archival material from 1866 to 1885 in the Romanian National Archives.
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The historians in Romania have never said that the historical testimonies about the Roma (until recently called Gypsies) in this country are missing or that they are very few, and that because of this a rigorous research could not be done about the past of this people. One is not able to find among Romanian scholars the idea that the Roma are a people without history and that, if someone intends to study their history, then one must turn to folklore or oral history. They know that the Roma with their specifics have been present in Romania for six and a half centuries, that there are documents in the archives that talk about them and that, apart from the works that deal specifically with the history of the Roma in Romania, there are quite a few historical works, old or new, which mention here and there the Roma.
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Review of Duşiţa Ristin, Contribuţii la descrierea cărţii vechi manuscrise de la Arad: repertoriu (transcriere şi traducere în limba română de Lucia Djamo-Diaconiţă & Duşiţa Ristin; text stabilit, prefaţă, note, indice tematic şi bibliografie de Duşiţa Ristin), Bucureşti, Eikon, 2022, 171 pp.
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In this study are published for the first time a deciphered text, a translation in Modern Bulgarian and comments of an ancient oracle, included in a handwritten collection from the forties of the fifteenth century. An oracle is a rare combination of two of the most spread types of divination during the Middle Ages – bibliomancy and divination by use of dice. The text is analyzed in different aspects, mostly in order to be defined the linguistic peculiarities of the translation. For comparison, in the publication is included also one contemporary dice oracle in Bulgarian, which exists in Internet.
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There is a growing interest in the subject of artificial intelligence, visible in the number of papers and conferences devoted to this subject. It encourages reflection on the main areas of research and scientific knowledge undertaken by representatives of social communication and media sciences. This article presents the effects of a systematic review of journals, which led to determining the actual level of interest in the subject of broadly understood artificial intelligence and identifying three main thematic trends within which the analyzed scientific texts fall, namely: research on the attitudes and opinions of recipients towards AI, a description of AI tools and products, and characteristics of AI products undertaken as the subject of analyses and/or research conducted by the author.
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The article explores the profound connection between people and religious music, highlighting its significance in the activities of the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate during the Commemorative Year of Hymnographers and Church Singers. Sacred music, rooted in folk art, represents a symbiosis between Eastern and Western cultures, characterized by modal melody, harmony, modal polyphony, and captivating heterophony. Christian Orthodox music is perceived as a means through which believers draw closer to God, influencing their emotions and thoughts. The article addresses and proposes initiatives for revitalizing church musical traditions, including the establishment of a Faculty/Academy of Religious Music and the creation of a Church Singers’ Association. The importance of developing a Dictionary of Religious Music and a National Catalogue of Church Music Publications is emphasized, as well as the need for training courses and the promotion of events dedicated to religious music singers. The article also highlights the role of church singers in establishing parish libraries, church museums, and Sunday schools, emphasizing their importance in the pastoral, missionary, and social activities of the community.
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The article provides information about Curtea Veche Publishing, one of the largest publishing houses in Romania, specializing in the publication of representative works of Romanian and universal literature. Through these works, library users have the opportunity to explore biographies of members of the royal family within the social, political, and cultural contexts of their time, offering a window into national history and identity. Curtea Veche Publishing stands out as a leader in publishing collections focused on business, motivational literature, financial and social education. These works serve as an effective educational tool, aiding in the development of a strong cultural identity.
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