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The paper is devoted to various creative approaches that an artist can apply to book design and illustration. These approaches are accompanied by examples of works by famous artists. The conclusion is made that the systematic analysis of creative approaches to book illustration in classes with students is important for increasing their visual literacy, activating creative thinking and developing professional skills.
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The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the current state of Romanian prison libraries by focusing on such aspects as the legal framework under which they operate, their organization and facilities, the management of their collections and the policies employed to this end, the staff in charge of these structures, as well as library usage and satisfaction. Moreover, the present study aims to highlight the main obstacles and difficulties that Romanian prison libraries are struggling with at the moment, and to provide a few minimal recommendations for the improvement of their services and overall quality. In order to elicit relevant data, a questionnaire – comprising 48 both open and close-ended items – was designed and mailed to the 45 existing Romanian correctional facilities between early December 2021 and mid-January 2022. Albeit the response rate was 66.6%, the author has managed to identify a number of common issues that prevent Romanian prison libraries from functioning at an optimal level, such as the insufficient funding and inadequate space, the lack of professionally trained librarians, and the absence of a coherent collection development policy. Although those in charge of prison libraries strive to make the best of the available resources – and there are a few notable cases –, Romanian prison libraries are in dire need of both financial and managerial remodeling.
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Introduction. The paper presents some findings of the Erasmus+ project IPEDU, which aims to include intellectual property education, more specifically industrial property, in the curriculum of technical universities, through training the teaching, support staff, and librarians. We present selected results of the first two project stages for Slovenia, which is one of the project partners. Methods. Initial stages of the project assess the current level of inclusion of industrial property topics into higher education curricula and labour market needs. Samples include Slovenian technical sciences faculties and employers of technical profiles with needs for industrial property knowledge. Online surveys are used for data collection. Results. General, not positive, alignment was found in terms of expected competencies: Companies do not place high priorities on industrial property competencies of their non-law employees. Furthermore, many higher education institutions do not include these topics in their teaching. Industrial property teaching is needed, but not done, which implies the need for educators-employers dialogue. A relatively traditional image of libraries emerges as they are usually not involved in teaching. This provides an excellent opportunity for libraries to evolve and become more proactive. Conclusions. Our findings offer a valuable contribution to the planning of a systematic and holistic intellectual property curriculum for technical studies within the European Union.
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The present article comprises the results that synthesise the current professional training preferences of the members of the Romanian Library Association (RLA). The directions of professional development have emerged from a survey conducted between September and November 2022, on a national-level representative sample. The professionals in the field were approached on the matter of their motivation to participate in the training programmes and of the extent of the importance they confer to professional training, as well as their expectations after the completion of the aforementioned programmes and the level of their involvement in such endeavours over the past 3 years (financial resources, allotted time). The analysis focused on the training topics chosen by the respondents, the criteria based on which the programmes had been selected, the difficulties that had been encountered etc. In order to outline a comprehensive view on the evolution of the RLA members’ preferences, a comparison was made between the current results and the ones obtained in 2016 by a similar study. The analysis also covers the differences that occurred during the pandemic period, which emphasised the necessity for certain approaches that were different with respect to the means of exercising the profession, which implicitly led to the acquisition of new skills and abilities.
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Review of: Myftiut Naim ef. Tërnava, "Shkenca e Ilmul Kelamit – parimet bazë"
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Archaeological research in Sofia has been going on for more than 100 years. As a result, a significant amount of information has been accumulated. A large part of it has been made public, and another is stored in the scientific archive of the Regional History Museum - Sofia. Among its other activities, the museum collects available information, systematises it, and presents it to the general public. A good example of this is the archaeological digital files that have been worked on in recent years. They contain basic data on individual archaeological sites from Sofia and the region, being divided according to ancient infrastructure and discovered structures. Only those related to the larger Eastern Necropolis of the ancient city of Serdica are presented in the article. Systematised information in one place, representing an easy tool for work, helps to preserve the monuments. In addition, the categorised research could also be considered a prerequisite for creating methods and practices for the socialisation of the archaeological sites in question.
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The wealth of data available to the researchers and to the curious citizen seems limitless today. For this reason tools able to retrieve and put together pieces of useful data are in growing need. This study is looking into Application Programming Interfaces as means to establish an ecosystem fostering data interoperability for persons and machines. The research and culture landscape is in a continuous need for accessing to data and metadata. For this reason, a set of the most representative service providers were investigated through the filter of data accessibility, and how the data provided fit the needs of possibly machine-assisted tools. The providers are well established actors in the scholarly communication arena with a host of some from the culture heritage field. A supplementary set of trusted repositories which are recipients of CoreTrustSeal (CTS) were investigated in searching for interoperability extensions via APIs.
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This study is the continuation of the part one. It is an excerpt of the practical research whose main objective was to illustrate the way in which students use the information and documentation resources in college, both for educational and research activities and for administrative and extra-curricular ones. To carry out this research, students from two departments – the Department of Administrative Sciences and the Department of Communication Sciences of the Faculty of Letters of the University of Bucharest – were considered for the bachelor’s degree in Managerial and Administrative Assistance (MAA) and Information and documentation Sciences (IDS), and for the Master’s degree in Information and Document Management (IDM) and Information Management in Contemporary Society (IMCG).
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This study investigates the trends and peculiarities of doctoral research in the Republic of Moldova through an analysis of bibliographical references in doctoral theses from 2005 and 2023. Aiming to understand the features and evolution of citation practices, the study examines 375 theses available in national databases. The research addresses the quantity, nature, and language of citations, revealing significant findings. It shows an increase in the average number of references per thesis over time, indicating heightened scientific rigor and comprehensive literature integration. Differences across scientific fields are noted, with history and political science theses having the most references and computer science and physical-mathematical sciences the fewest. The analysis finds that scientific publications dominate the references, though other sources are important in some socio-humanities fields. Language trends indicate a shift from Russian to English references, reflecting increased global integration. The study also highlights the correlation between the thesis language and the predominant language of references used. These insights can be useful for policymakers, researchers, and academic institutions in understanding and improving the quality and impact of doctoral research in Moldova.
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The complexity of the digital environment, as an information and communication environment, determines changes in the information and communication behavior of users, in the context of the social, cultural, educational, economic activities carried out, leading to new paradigms in the field of information, documentation and research and essentially changing contemporary society in all its components. Digital skills are essential in contemporary society, substantially influencing the educational process. It is crucial that individuals, educational institutions and organizations work together to develop these skills, thus ensuring a society better prepared for the challenges of the future. Investigating the university environment in Romania, respectively the opinions of undergraduate and master's students, we note that they prefer to use electronic resources for study and equally strongly feel (78,4%) the need to train to use digital tools and resources.
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The subject of the present article is a reflection on the epistemological value of ethnographic materials collected by ethnologists in academic archives, especially during the period of the People’s Republic of Poland. The author disagrees with Filip Wróblewski, who, in one of his articles, radically criticises not only the scientific value of the aforementioned archives, but more broadly the activities of the researchers themselves at that time. Therefore, from the large catalogue of problems that emerge from reflection on these archives, the author first focuses on the possibilities of using these materials in current research, including attempts at re-contextualisation, as well as the ethical issues related to today’s archival methods and access rules.
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Wireless sensor networks with specific hardware configuration and possibilities for their network lifetime improvement are examined in this paper. Nodes in the network are equipped with solar cells. Storing solar energy in batteries is a very cost-effective and longlasting solution for sensor nodes that are difficult to reach for regular maintenance. Solar power provides more power for more frequent data acquisition and greater communication distance. The downside of this approach is battery lifetime, not a single charge lifetime but the total overall number of times battery can be recharged before it fails. Here we propose a design of the whole sensor node configuration and, most importantly, hardware and software improvements of sensor nodes for increasing battery life and thus network lifetime. A survey of relevant literature is provided, as wellas the analysis of experimental data from referenced authors. Some experiments have been done to discuss the testing methods of other researchers. Good results in improving network lifetime for most used battery types were obtained by this research. Network lifetime of wireless sensor networks can be doubled or even tripled by modifying battery charging strategies, which would enable up to ten years of maintenance-free operation of sensor nodes. Partial charging strategies present a significant improvement in increasing Li-ion battery cycle-count expectancy and can also increase calendar-life expectancy because of batteries not being kept at elevated states of charge.
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Scholarship on international humanitarian law rethinks the current premise within international cultural heritage law that heritage should be protected in wartime based on its great importance to humankind only. The property value of heritage to civilians reveals extrinsic justifications for protecting heritage. The widespread acceptance of international humanitarian law instruments, coupled with the customary nature of some rules related to cultural heritage, can be conducive to heritage safeguarding during armed conflicts. However, this ownership-centred protection may fall short of adequately safeguarding cultural objects that hold significance beyond their property value, particularly artefacts that constitute a part of humanity’s shared global heritage. Additionally, an approach primarily focused on property values may exacerbate inequities within the cultural heritage domain by favouring affluent collectors and resource-rich nations more capable of asserting ownership claims. In this sense, overemphasizing ownership rights can result in fragmentation, where cultural items are dispersed among private collectors rather than being curated to contribute to the communal narratives surrounding the conflict in which they were pillaged or misappropriated. In broadening the international legal framework that serves the protection of cultural heritage in armed conflicts, the integration of international humanitarian law and heritage law should result in legal responses for the management of cultural heritage in wartime that account for both the civilian-use and cultural value of heritage.
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This research responds to the debates over who should own Benin objects returned to Nigeria and the news about the Oba of Benin commenting, prior to 2023, that the Benin objects to be returned to Nigeria should be returned to him and not the federal government. This article uncovers the perceptions of the members of the Igun community, many of whom are the descendants of the Igun guild that produced the Benin objects that were carted away from Benin Kingdom during the 1897 Expedition. Using a survey questionnaire and in-depth interviews, the article examines the perceptions of the Igun community about the Benin objects and the effect of the expedition on Benin art and heritage. The findings reveal that many believe the Benin objects should be returned to the Oba, who is the custodian of Benin culture and heritage. The respondents are also in agreement that the expedition, although brutal, nonetheless brought Benin art and heritage into the limelight. The article also carries out a critique of the Executive Order Notice No. 25, Order No. 1 of 2023, and concludes by stating that though the executive order is invalid, its invalidity is inconsequential with respect to the dictates of customary law, human rights law, and international law.
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This article discusses NFT technology in the context of cultural heritage protection in armed conflicts, addressing both the benefits and challenges that come with their use. In view of the recent example set by the Kharkiv Art Museum, a cultural institution that has digitized 15 artworks to be sold in an auction and whose incomes will contribute to the preservation of national cultural heritage, the present study will delve into both the legal and ethical aspects underlying what is known as NFTs, shedding light on their possible protection under the existing cultural heritage framework. To this end, the provisions enshrined in the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its Protocols will be examined.
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This article examines the protection of cultural heritage in the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice (ICJ, or Court) under the 1965 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD). It analyses all the cases before the ICJ in which the issue has arisen to date, with a particular focus on the key order on provisional measures in Armenia v. Azerbaijan, issued in 2021. The main argument is that this decision, although to some extent controversial, has set a precedent for other cultural heritage protection cases before the Court. However, in light of further ICJ jurisprudence, states will still have to meet a heavy burden of proof in order to make real use of this precedent, in particular to redress actual collective harm to affected communities.
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This article tries to describe in rich semiotic detail the work that’s involved in ‘naming’ ‘what we see’, i.e. in knowing. For this purpose, it introduces in Section 1 a real-life scene that provides rich experiential grounding for the paper’s theoretical claims. The scene is that of a researcher confronted with the difficulty of translating her earlier work into another language. This scene is worthwhile because it helps illuminate the close connection that exists in practice between (i) paying attention to particulars, and (ii) bringing to articulation the forms that transpire through those particulars. In Section 2, the article relies on semiotic terminology drawn from the tradition of C.S. Peirce and John Deely to tease out more rigorously the relationship between the general and the particular in the act of knowing: neither splitting them nor positing one as ‘more real’ than the other. Finally, the paper situates the notion of philosophical inquiry, as a habit of critically re-visiting our objects of experience, in the pragmaticist tradition by mobilizing C.S. Peirce’s distinction between ‘idioscopic’ and ‘cenoscopic’ inquiry.
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Drawing on sociocultural linguistics, which considers identity as the result of a discursive process, this paper examines the modes of presentation and construction of a feminist self in the profiles of Instagram feminist accounts. Our aim is as much to question what feminism is and what it covers, as to provide a tool for identifying feminist profiles, tried and tested on numerous occurrences (630 Instagram profiles). After proposing an exploratory definition of feminist discourse, space and identity, the article sets out a method for compiling and building a quantitative corpus of feminist accounts. The article then presents eleven modes of constructing feminist identities in Instagram profiles, discusses some of the methodological challenges in constructing categories and questions the limitations of these categories. These eleven modes of constructing feminist identities highlight the complexity and heterogeneity of identity construction processes in general and feminist identities in particular, which go well beyond notions of engagement and activism, and self-categorisation via the label “feminist”. We present four examples of profiles illustrating a continuum between manifest, latent and uncertain feminist identities. So there are many ways to call yourself a “feminist”.
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The text explores the integration of feminist perspectives into visual methods by focusing on the use of 360-degree video recording, also known as omnidirectional video. It highlights the new perspectives on visual thinking and expression made possible by this technology, while examining traditional videographic conventions. The paper also looks at the importance of considering issues of power and identity, particularly as they relate to the visibility of the researcher-director. A debate is nevertheless initiated on the limits of this visibility. A case study is presented to illustrate the way in which a creative and visual restitution of research can be achieved from a feminist perspective, using digital tools to reinforce ethnographic description and to give space to a wider epistemological perspective. The creation of a theatre-inspired videographic gesture is also discussed as a means of formalising the shift between different spaces and cultures. Consequently, the article proposes a scientific digital aesthetic that can easily be reproduced and extended.
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