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Syrian Unaccompanied Minors Journeys to Germany and initial experiences upon arrival

Author(s): Raphael Kamp,Katie Kuschminder / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

A differentiating element of the so-called European migration crisis in 2015 has been a significant increase in the number of children migrating to Europe, many of whom are unaccompanied. Approximately 89,000 unaccompanied minors (UAMs) applied for asylum in the European Union (EU) in 2015, which is the highest recorded number since the beginning of data collection on UAMs in 2006 (UNHCR, 2016: 3). In 2016, Germany received the highest number of asylum claims by UAMs with 35,900 out of 63,300 in the EU. The other two most important destination countries were Italy (6,000 applications) and Austria (3,900 applications) (Eurostat, 2017: 2). Most UAMs in the EU came from Afghanistan (38%), Syria (19%) and Iraq (7%) (Eurostat, 2017: 3).

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Mobilities from the Exile: the Sahrawi student migrations

Author(s): Rita Reis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Historically, the Sahrawi population has been involved in various mobility processes, associated with different socio-economic contexts, shaped by strong political implications (Caro Baroja, 2008; Pazzanita, 2006). Colony of Spain, from 1884 - 1976, and then so-called Spanish Sahara, the Western Sahara is included in the list of “non-autonomous territories” of the United Nations and is monitored by the Special Political and Decolonization Committee (Fourth Committee) since 1963.

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Conflict Responsive Patterns of Labour Migration from Hatay, Turkey to the MENA Countries

Author(s): Ibrahim Sirkeci,Selver Özözen Kahraman,Berrin Gültay,Ibrahim Sirkeci,Vedat Çalışkan / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region comprising 21 countries has been through crises and drastic political changes since 2010 along with having had a protracted history of armed conflict. These crises, including civil wars and international military interventions, have caused disruption in terms of the demographic structure and processes (see Yucesahin and Sirkeci, 2017). Turkey has not only become one of the largest immigration countries mainly because of conflicts in the MENA region, but also has been one of the largest labour exporting countries to these countries.

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Türk Sinemasında ‘Dış Göç’ün Temsili

Author(s): Levent Yaylagül,Nilüfer Korkmaz Yaylagül / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

30 Ekim 1961’de önce Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti, daha sonra da diğer Avrupa ülkeleriyle yapılan anlaşmalar çerçevesinde endüstriyel işgücü açığını kapatmak için Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nden işçi alınmaya başlamıştır. 1970’li yılların başına gelindiğinde 500 binin üzerinde Türk işçisi Avrupa ülkelerine göç etmiştir. 1973 yılında yaşanan küresel krizin ardından işçi alımı durdurulmuştur. Bu gelişmeler Türk sinemasında da yansımasını bulmuş ve 1970’li yıllarda Avrupa’ya göç eden insanların dramını anlatan filmler yapılmıştır (Makal, 1987). Bu kapsamda bu incelemenin amacı, 1970-80 döneminde yapılan Dönüş (1972- Türkan Şoray), Otobüs (1975-Tunç Okan), Almanya Acı Vatan (1979- Şerif Gören) filmleri çerçevesinde Türk sinemasında dış göç olgusunun nasıl yansıtıldığını ortaya çıkarmaktır.

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Bir Göç Ülkesi Olarak Türkiye

Author(s): Savaş Çağlayan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Göç olgusunun, en temel ve basit söylemle insanların bir coğrafyadan bir başka coğrafya doğru gerçekleştirdiği bir hareketlilik eylemi olduğu ifade edilebilir. Gerçekleşen bu hareketlilik eyleminin en temelde coğrafi bir yer değiştirme olduğu kabul edildiğinde, kitleselliğin hâkim olduğu göç hareketlerini anlamak için coğrafi etkenlerin önemini özellikle vurgulamak gerekmektedir. Modernite süreciyle birlikte rasyonel bir varlık olarak konumlandırılan insanoğlu, göç hareketinde de rasyonel davranarak, bu hareketi en kısa ve en kolay yoldan gerçekleştirme arzusundadır. Bu arzu da dünya üzerindeki temel göç akımlarının güzergâhını belirlemede en önemli etmen olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

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70’li Yıllardan 2010’lu Yıllara Almanya’ya Dış Göçün Türk Sinemasındaki Yansımaları

Author(s): Hanife Nâlân Genç / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

İnsanlık tarihiyle koşut olan göç, bireysel veya toplumsal olabilir. Göçün çok farklı sebepleri olsa da insanları göç yapmaya iten en önemli sebep daha güzel, daha esenlikli ve daha rahat bir yaşam arzusudur. XIX.Yüzyılda tarımsal alanlardan sanayi bölgelerine göçün yoğunluk kazanmasıyla bir kırılma noktası yaşanır. Kırsal alanda çalışma olanağı kalmayan İnsanları göçe iten temel sebep yaşama tutunma mücadelesidir. Bu göçler iş bulma amaçlı olmaları sebebiyle ‘işçi göçleri’ olarak tanımlanabilir. 1950’li yıllarda Türkiye’de kırdan kente göç siyasal, ekonomik ve toplumsal olgularla belirmiş ve tüketim toplumunun tetiklemesiyle de cazip hale gelmiştir.

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İşgal Yıllarında İstanbul’dan Ankara’ya Aydın Göçü

Author(s): Yaşar Şenler / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Şahısların hayatında olduğu gibi milletlerin hayatında da iniş çıkışlar, güç ve zor günler ve bunun tam karşısında mutlu ve sevinçli günler vardır. Tarih bunun sayısız örnekleriyle doludur.

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Football player migration in Greece: Wage differences and crowding-out effects

Author(s): Panagiotis Dimitropoulos / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Athlete migration has been on the forefront of academic research for more than twenty years since the migration flows of footballers has increased significantly in Europe. Greece is among the top receiving countries of migrant football players in Europe despite the fact that the Greek championship is not highly competitive as other European leagues. The scope of this paper is to provide some initial evidence regarding the flow of foreign football players in the Greek league. The study analyzed a database of all migrant and local athletes that participated in the professional Greek football championship over the period 2001-2013 and performed descriptive analyses. Descriptive evidence suggests that football player migration has increased significantly from 2001 until 2013 yet the relative numbers of foreign athletes are lower than their natives’ counterparts. However, foreign athletes are utilized more by their coaches since they have more actual minutes of participation on clubs’ official matches and earn higher income than the native football players. These findings provide support to several voices echoing on the crowding out effect of native athletes by migrants.

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Refuge for the Rohingya in Southeast Asia?

Author(s): Jera Lego / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The plight of the Rohingya has increasingly come under the international spotlight since 2015 when hundreds of them were stranded for days on boats in the Andaman Sea and denied entry by neighboring countries. The “crisis” had eventually come to an end when fishermen from the island of Aceh in Indonesia rescued many of them, and nearby Southeast Asian countries - Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-eventually agreed to provide temporary shelter and aid. As a result, some observers argue that significant policy change is forthcoming. This paper (i) evaluates Southeast Asian responses to the plight of the Rohingya, particularly during the “boat people crisis,” (ii) assesses the prospects for refuge and protection of the Rohingya in the region, such as whether policyfocused change has been happening, and (iii) outlines the nature of refuge that the Rohingya are likely to receive in the region. The paper concludes that significant change is unlikely, and that the possibilities for protection and assistance remain limited.

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Support or Obstacle? Effects of Immigrants on Domestic Labor Force in Turkey

Author(s): Atakan Durmaz,Özge Korkmaz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The phenomenon of migration, as old as human history, is one of the most interested subjects of countries in the 21st century, especially in the last 10 years. Undoubtedly, one of the important reasons for this is the fact that migration has significant influences on from economic to social life almost every subject in terms of both emigrating countries and receiving countries. The fact that economic factors and security problems are the main causes of migration movements also laid the groundwork for the work done in the field of economy to concentrate on this subject. At this point, there are also studies of the impact of receiving countries on labor market, although the impact of migrant movements on emigrating countries’ economy is largely a matter of focus. However, there is no consensus on the work done in this regard. As a matter of fact, some studies have found that immigrants have a negative effect on the labor market because they are willing to work at lower wages, while in some studies they have found that immigrants have a positive influence on the labor market by increasing labor supply in areas where the local labor does not want to work. At this point, Turkey has taken its place in studies in the literature as a country that both emigrating (especially from the early 1960s to the 1990s) and receiving country (especially in the last 10 years because of events happening in neighboring countries). Although the vast majorities are refugee status, a growing number of immigrants are involved in the labor market and this affects the position of the local labor force on the labor market. From this point of view, the effect of immigrants on the labor force participation rate of the local labor force has been examined by means of regression analysis, using immigrant data from 26 provinces in Turkey between 2011 and 2015. According to the study results; Migrants allowed to work in Turkey have a positive effect on the participation rate even if just a bit. From a gender perspective, it has been found that immigrants have positive effects on women's labor force participation rates. But, there has been no significant impact on the male labor force participation rate of migrants. In the study, there has been also found that the increase in the level of education of men has a positive effect on the labor force participation rate, while in women, it has been found to be a negative effect of the higher education graduation although the primary and high school graduation has a positive effect on the labor force participation rates.

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Stakeholder's Concerns into the Federal Registration and Procedure Centres in Switzerland

Author(s): Marwan Alkhouli,Rémi Baudoui / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to explore the administrative and accommodation process of asylum seekers in Registration and Procedure Centres (CEP) of Swiss Confederation, which are managed by the State Secretary for Migrations (SEM). It is the result of an unprecedented survey we have conducted in two federal Centres. By interviewing the three main field actors, we highlight the interactions between SEM administrative staff, management and accommodation employees and asylum seekers who are received in the CEPs for a temporary period at the beginning of the asylum procedure. We will be confronted with the hypothesis that despite the integrated reception process in these centres, the implementation of the Sectoral Asylum Plan and the acceleration of asylum procedures, as well as the varied concerns and priorities of the main actors impact the development of future federal centres (CFA) and cannot satisfy all the requirements of asylum process stakeholders.

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The Immigrant-Native Wage Gap in Malaysia: The Preliminary Results

Author(s): Borhan Sareya Abdullah,Alexandros Zangelidis,Ioannis Theodossiou / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper focuses on the wage gap between native and immigrant workers in Malaysian labour market. This paper uses the Productivity and Investment Climate Survey (PICS) 2 for 2007 to explore the components of the immigrant-native wage gap. The Oaxaca decomposition analysis and quantile regression decomposition were applied in this study. By exploiting the PICS data, the result of this study shows that the immigrant has a lower human capital return on earnings compared to native. Another significant finding is that the wage gap between native and immigrant is mostly explained by the difference in the characteristics of the workers, while, the remaining were explained by the discriminatory effects.

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"The Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process Model in the Process of Conflict Management"

Author(s): Nena Nenovska Gjorgjievska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The incitement and the occurrence of the conflicts, their escalation, ceasefire and de-escalation are processes which are continually appearing, lasting and resolving. Consequently, the conflicts usually pull migratory flows. Migration is an issue which nowadays is very present, and it needs to be resolved. The migration usually starts where conflicts arise. Having that in mind, the main concept in the paper is focused on the conflicts and the emergence of the migration flows. It also gives a suggestion how the conflicts can be resolved in the Middle East countries. The purpose of this research is to find out real reasons for appearance of migrations and most rational solutions for their solving. For doing that the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied. A short overview will be given of the main elements of the AHP method and how it is applied in the conflict resolution. AHP method is enforceable and leads to concrete recommendations for further conflict resolution. The results of the research will show that resolving the conflicts may contribute in suppression of the migration and it can also protect countries for further armed conflicts and unwanted migration flows.

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Deciding to Stay: Bissau-Guinean Labour Migrants in Cabo Verde, West Africa

Author(s): Kezia Lartey,Brandon D. Lundy / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Cabo Verde, once serving as a migration transit country into Europe and the Unites States, is becoming a final destination for some West African labour migrants, especially those from Cabo Verde’s sister republic, Guinea-Bissau. Many enter Cabo Verde under the Economic Community of West African States’ open borders agreement, eventually overstaying. The aim of this research was to discover why and how Cabo Verde is becoming a choke point for irregular labour migrants from Guinea-Bissau, and the effects these changes are having on immigrant/host community relations. As an illustrative case study on the effects of increased structural barriers to mobility from underdeveloped to developed countries, this study asks, how do marooned Bissau-Guineans integrate into host communities in Cabo Verde, especially when tensions rise alongside migrant populations and resource pressures? What is convincing them to stay? This study is based off of data collected from structured and semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions in twelve communities on two islands. We found that a majority of immigrants had stable, full time work, began families, and joined community organizations. Additionally, what friction was observed stemmed from displaced and disenfranchised domestic youth mainly from the capital city of Praia competing over employment with more highly skilled or experienced migrants. We also found that conflict seems to have lessened with the adoption of the 2012 National Immigration Strategy, the first of its kind in Cabo Verde, although we also argue that more can still be done to improve integration and community relations. This study has implications for realizing successful economic and community integration of irregular labour migrants, especially at choke points in the developing world resulting from structural changes intensifying the role of host in buffer countries within the Global South.

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AVRUPA’DA İSLAM’IN GÜVENLİKLEŞTİRİLMESİ

Author(s): Sinem Yüksel Çendek / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kopenhag Okulu’nun güvenlikleştirme yaklaşımı çerçevesinde Avrupa’da İslam’ın nasıl güvenlikleştirildiğini ve söz konusu sürecin politik bir karar olup olmadığını incelemektir. Bu inceleme doğrultusunda çalışmanın temel argümanı, İslam’ın Avrupa’da güvenlikleştirilmesinin gerçek varoluşsal tehditlere dayanmadığı, İslam’ın teröre eşitlenerek toplumda bir tehdit algısı yaratıldığı ve bunun da politik kaygılarla kullanıldığıdır.

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Local Perceptions on Syrian Migration to Turkey: A Case Study of Istanbul Neighborhoods

Author(s): Deniz Genç,Merve Özdemirkıran / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Migration is not a new phenomenon for Turkey. Before and after the foundation of the Republic, the country has received waves of migration but since the 1970s, migration dynamics of the country has been changing. Turkey has increasingly become a destination country for asylum-seekers and a transit country for irregular migrants. Mass influx of asylum-seekers and refugee movements in Turkey has originated mainly from its neighbours or former Ottoman territories. These movements have included Iranians, Turks of Bulgaria, Iraqis, Chechens, Bosniacs and very recently Syrians.

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The Social Life of Remittance Houses: Scenes from Rural Kayseri

Author(s): Oğuz Alyanak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It has been three years that the local imam of Karakaya [Black Rock] was assigned to this highland village of Kayseri by the Diyanet, Turkey’s Directorate of Religious Affairs. What brought him to Kayseri in the first place was his graduate studies in the faculty of theology at Erciyes University. Himself a native of Adana, a Mediterranean city that is only a few hours driving away, coming to Kayseri was not a game changer. In the past three decades, Kayseri, a city that was once the hub of out-migration, has become a city in-migration that attracted population from the neighboring Central Anatolian cities. What he did not digest easily was his appointment to Karakaya, a village with two mosques and a barely any congregation to fill one. As one of Kayseri’s main villages of outmigration, the village was empty for the majority of the year. In this village which was populated for the most part with the elderly and the retired, the imam argued that he would have a hard time gathering a congregation (cemaat) during the winter. Waking up at daybreak and battling his way through knee-high snow to recite the call to prayer in winter was not something he was used to back in his Mediterranean town. Moreover, serving to a non-existent congregation at this seemingly ghost town touched his nerves. The emptiness of the streets, and the presence of vacated houses was not something that he was familiar with.

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The Notion of Integration and Economic Aspects in the German Discourse of a Culturally Sensitive Elderly Care

Author(s): Nevin Altintop / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The subject of health care for elderly migrants in Germany, especially the subject of culturally sensitive health care solutions, has received certain attention over the past decade. My investigation of the discourse finds that the topic of health care for migrants is predominantly strained between two poles: integration (or inclusion) on the one side and economy on the other side, however both are well linked to politics. The connections in the discourse of health care for elderly migrants to aspects of integration as well as of economy are content of this manuscript and will be discussed in more detail below. Sociological or health care theoretical discourses are less well established on this topic, despite some existing educational and training activities for employees in the health care sector. In earlier publications I have already shed a light on the political process of Intercultural Opening in Germany with respect to elderly care for migrants (Altıntop 2014a, 2014b). Here, I will point out the strong connection between the established discourse of a culturally sensitive elderly care and integration policies on the one and economy on the other side.

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Londra’da Çalışan Türkiyeli Göçmenlerin Çalışma Süreleri ve Sosyal İlişkileri

Author(s): Mehmet Rauf Kesici / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Göç konusu, ulaşım olanaklarının artması, ucuz işgücü gibi kapitalist/ekonomik gereklilikler, baskıcı rejimlerden kaçan muhalifler vb. vesilelerin yanı sıra farklı farklı yollarla Avrupa’ya ulaşmaya çalışan göçmenlerin yaşadıkları olumsuzlukların daha görünür olmasıyla kamuoyunun ve akademinin dikkatini çekmeye başlamıştır.

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Greek Migrants in Istanbul: “Home-Leaving” or “Homecoming”?

Author(s): Georgia Mavrodi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Most migration scholars treat Turkey as a country of emigration, a transit route, and a country of immigration for migrants and refugees from Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa (Erzan & Kirişci 2008; Içduygu & Kirişci 2009) or a country of settlement of co-ethnic, second generation immigrants from western European countries. By contrast, the movement and settlement of EU nationals of non-Turkish descent has attracted attention only recently (Içduygu et al 2013: 3; OECD 2014), although the phenomenon lies at the intersection of key political, economic and institutional developments both in the EU and in Turkey itself (Tolay 2012; Linden et al 2012). Obviously, one of the crucial dimensions is the processes of political and institutional reforms in Turkey upon its preparation for EU membership and the impact of such changes on the rights, preferences and migration strategies of foreign nationals in general and EU citizens in particular (Içduygu et al 2013: 6-16). Furthermore, the migration of EU citizens to Turkey offers an alternative and yet undiscovered angle to view the recent rise of identity and ethnicity politics in the EU member-states (Hsu 2010), the fluid and variable geometry of European borders and identities (Del Sarto 2010), and the resulting formation of conceptions of “the other”, both in the EU and in Turkey.

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