Border Imagery And Refugee Abjection In Contemporary Visual Art

Author(s): Balca Arda / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter examines the reflection of border imagery in various artistic productions related to refugeehood and theoretically analyzes its relation to abjection. The prominent role of border priority in its theories and practices on abjection makes contemporary art a decisive field of inquiry to conceptualize terms of artistic reconciliation and oppositional trends against otherization while popularization of isolationism prevails at global level. I contend that the contextualization of politics of pity versus politics of justice provides a better understanding on the potentiality of these artistic practices to reach anti-migrant sensibilities deriving from the notion of ableism for citizenship with specific criteria of “merit”. Ableism generically defines migrants as ‘harmful’ to the host national community’s “health”. Throughout this survey, I explore how difference produced through refugee abjection has been contested and whether such creative interventions address alternative belonging precepts. I question what kinds of representational projection can reconcile the conflicts of interests between various publics that constitutes the society, including host and incoming members.

Introduction

Author(s): Izabela Kończak,Magdalena Lewicka,Agata S. Nalborczyk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Muslim Religious Minority in the Republic of Serbia and Its Impact on the Bilateral Relations of the Republic of Serbia with Neighboring States

Author(s): Patryk Bukowski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Sufi Communities in the West: Charisma and Institutionalization

Author(s): Oleg Yarosh / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Impact of Eu Migration Law on The Republic Of North Macedonia

Author(s): Abdulla Azizi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As migration is a global trend, the Republic of Northern Macedonia (RNM) as well as other Western Balkan countries are also facing refugees and asylum. Usually, European Union (EU) law provides for standards on migration and asylum, while the RNM, as a country with candidate status for EU membership since 2005, aims to harmonize migration policies with those of the EU. This paper focuses on the legal changes made over the last five years, as a result of the migratory crisis caused by lifted refugees from the Middle East to the EU member states. The paper analyzes legal changes, if they are in line with EU directives in the field of migration, refugees and asylum. The paper draws conclusions and suggests further studies in this area.

International Migration Policy, Law And Governance In Nepal: An Overview

Author(s): Deepak Chaudhary / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to analyze the laws and policies relating to international migration in Nepal and its challenges. International migration has been a major source of income for many Nepali households for decades. 57 per cent of the households depend on international migration and it contributes 26 per cent to the national GDP. Nepal issued over 4 million labor permits to migrant workers between 2008 and 2018, and amongst over 176,000 are women. Besides, it is believed that there are many people abroad illegally. Despite abundant benefits, there are also challenges. Available data and literature reveal that challenges like exploitations and trafficking also persist. Moreover, more than 6,000 Nepalese migrants returned home in coffins over a decade. Nepal government has been attempting to address these problems and challenges through laws and policies. For instance, Foreign Employment Policy 2012 has some provisions regarding international migration, such as training, psycho-social counseling, and rehabilitation centers under the Foreign Employment Welfare Fund and creating productive investment for returning migrants. Ministry of Labour Employment and Social Security is an apex body of migration governance and responsible for periodic monitoring and evaluation of the policies and implementations. Despite such laws, policies, and efforts, international labor migration has frequently been questioned in terms of safety, trafficking, and exploitation. This study analyzes the gaps in policies and actions based on the contents and literature review that will be helpful for policy implication.

National Security or Human Rights: Where Does The Fate Of Undesirable But Unreturnable Migrants Belong?

Author(s): Júlia Zomignani Barboza / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper addresses the challenge host states face when handling migrants who present a threat to their national security but who cannot be returned to their country of origin (undesirable but unreturnable migrants). The paper explores some of the measures used to deal with these migrants and proposes granting them a limited status as the ideal solution to the challenge they pose.

Filipino Voluntary Associations And Wellbeing In Saudi Arabia

Author(s): Simeon S. Magliveras / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines the role voluntary associations play in the wellbeing of transnational Filipinos in Saudi Arabia. Voluntary associations in much of the literature are envisioned as cooperating individuals which create groups with specific goal such as for the benefit of communities with specific needs and accesses them to limited resources. This is true for Filipinos working and living in Saudi Arabia. Voluntary associations give Filipinos access to social networks, essential resources, and sociality, and are there to assist people in need. However, many Filipino voluntary associations in Saudi appear to be highly factionalized as they compete with one another for limited resources. With the kingdom's serious commitment to the Vision 2030 and the resulting rapid social changes in Saudi society, the relationship of the state to these groups and these groups to one another is in flux. This paper will compare and contrast several voluntary associations within the rapidly changing social environment and examines why such functionality occurs. The paper examines if these voluntary associations fulfill their primary purpose in helping individuals in their communities or as a result of greater social structures and competition between groups, the Filipino community is very fragmented resulting in a weakened position of individuals and the community in Saudi as a whole which has consequences both for their lives in Saudi Arabia but also at home in the Philippines.

Politics Of Migration And Citizenship: A Study Of National Register Of Citizens In Assam

Author(s): Rimpi Borah / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Historically speaking, the residents of Assam were dispersed into various identity groups like the Assamese, plain tribal, hill tribal, Hindu Bengali, and Muslim Bengali among others during the contestation on the question of citizenship. The migration of different communities to Assam led to strife between the Assamese and ‘bideshi’ (or foreigner)/‘Ona-Axomiya’ (or non-Assamese) over access to resources. The immigrant communities came to be associated with two terms bahiragota (outsider) and bidexhi (foreigner). A line of demarcation was drawn between the 'indigenous' and 'outsiders' and a cry for the protection of 'Assamese identity' began to germinate, which eventually led to the updating of national register of citizens in Assam. This paper traces the history of NRC and socio-political dynamics behind the exercise in construction of illegality/alienness of the people.

The Impact Of Moral Values On The Meaning Of The Borders And The Membership Status Of Migrant Workers

Author(s): Süreyya Sönmez Efe / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

International migration is one of the most debated phenomenon in the contemporary world which has an impact on the persons who migrate and the societies who host these migrants. The current migration flows into the European Union (EU) region from the Mediterranean area and central Europe is described with the term ‘migration crisis’ and the terms ‘security’, ‘criminality’ and ‘economic burden’ impute derogatory meanings to the act of migration. These meanings are shaped by the values which are created collectively by a group individuals who usually have shared sense of belonging to a territorially bound community.

In Search Of A "Borderless" Europe In Solidarity: Heading Towards A Reformed Common European Asylum System

Author(s): Pelin Sönmez / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The migration pressure to Europe in 2015 resulted with the collapse of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS) and some member states asserted that first entry or secondary movement of asylum seekers' constitute a burden on themselves. The European Commission (EC), therefore called for greater responsibility-sharing across EU member states, especially on the redistribution of refugees. The EC revealed this intention in 2016 with a reform process. It recommended seven proposals including Dublin reform and all of them refers solidarity in case of need. This paper examines scope and meaning of solidarity of the CEAS.

Discriminatory Labour Market For Indonesian Migrant Workers In Taiwan

Author(s): Manotar Tampubolon / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

As a labor-surplus nation, Indonesia continues to send migrant workers abroad. State failure to allocate jobs for Indonesian job seekers is why migrant workers are moving abroad. As a result of the country being unable to provide jobs, migrant workers find their way to solve the poverty problems. Working abroad with a good salary will be best suited to cope with their family from poverty, no matter how much the cost will be. Taiwan is one of the most attractive country destinations for Indonesian due to Indonesian migrant workers' requirements in Taiwan are among the highest compared to other Asia Pacific placement countries (Syarizka, 2018). Indonesian migrant workers come to Taiwan in search of a job, usually unskilled job positions. Other reasons for the entry of that country are agreements with Taiwan (Taiwan News, 2018), a high salary, and security reasons (Republika, 2014). Besides, around 14,36% of the Taiwan population, over 65, mainly use Indonesian caregivers (Index Mundi, 2019).

(Be)Longing: Coping Among Ageing Filipinas In Valencia, Spain

Author(s): Mari-An Santos,Alvarez Catis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Philippines is one of the largest migrant-sending countries in the world. Through their remittances, Filipino migrants sustain their families and the Philippine economy. Much literature has examined the phenomenon from perspectives of families left behind, but their emotional narratives are understudied. From narratives of ageing Filipinas (Filipino women) in Valencia, Spain who have lived there for more than 10 years, using the decolonised methodology of Sikolohiyang Pilipino or SP (Philippine Psychology), this research examines what drives their (be)longing. It is part of a larger study conducted from March to April 2019. The research reveals that the Filipino emotional culture of utang na loob drives coping in two ways: through faith in God within the context of the Catholic church and compassion built within Filipino communities over time. These are only some among a multitude of narratives of searching and finding a semblance of home... away from home. Considering what they contribute to the sending and receiving countries, these emotional narratives must be considered to address the psychosocial needs of migrants now and long after recovery from the global pandemic.

Promoting The Right To Work Through Migration: An Evolving Regime

Author(s): Uche Nnawulezi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper explores the strategic interest in promoting the right to work through migration. Ideally, migrant workers whether under contract or other formal arrangements, or simply setting off on their own initiative should be given a basic understanding of the language, culture, legal, social, and political structures of the states to which they are going. This is really important given the complex nature of the rights of all migrant workers and members of their families, as an evolving regime that has faced difficulties in the implementation of their rights to work at the global level. This paper therefore set out to examine why most migrant workers experience challenges in securing employment, while some have to surmount far more barriers either before their departure, or at the time of their admission to the state of employment of all conditions applicable to their admission, as well as of the requirements they must satisfy in the state of employment and the authority to which they must satisfy in the state of employment and the authority to which they must address themselves for any modifications of those conditions. The methodology underpinning the research is essentially descriptive, thus, deductive logical “content analysis” is employed. This paper among other things argues that the consequences of migration and the situation of vulnerability in which migrant workers and members of their families frequently-find themselves cannot only be solved by having a functional fundamental human rights approach on the complexity of social, economics, and cultural issues prevalent in the migration regime. This paper concludes that with due respect to the author and to his concern for the protection and promotion of the right to work through migration, is to say the least, is a first step towards a sustainable promotion of the right to work through migration.

The Behavioural Aspects Of Migration-And-Development

Author(s): Zoltán Csányi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Policy approaches towards the increasing trends of human mobility around the globe show the ambition to mainstream migration into development strategies. Their lasting ‘new optimism’ emphasize the role of consecutive migration-related behaviour types of migrant agency – which involve there-and-back movements of financial, human and social capitals – in enhancing developmental gains at origins and destinations. This paper, recognizing the lack of a coherent understanding of how these behaviour types and development are related, proposes a circular behavioural model for discussion, as an interpretative framework for studying Migration-and-Development.

The Non-Formal Education As A Tool For Resocialization And Better Employment Of Migrants

Author(s): Agron Rustemi,Memet Memeti / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The objective of the paper is to analyze the current situation of the non-formal education as a tool for resocialization and better employment of migrants with a comparative overview of practices in the Kingdom of Sweden in which non-formal education has a long tradition, and its impact on the youth population.One of the main topics of the discussions today is the role of formal education in the process of the development of the society. In the new millennium in many countries the question is how much classical formal education system can respond to accelerating technological and socioeconomic changes in society. It is evident that in the modern society, there are emerging institutions and organizations that offer various educational activities that can be seen as, substitution, competition, opposition or dulcification of the formal education process. These educational activities are known as non-formal education, as an integral part of the concept of lifelong learning, which enables young people and adults to acquire skills, competencies and attitudes to adapt to the environment subject to constant changes. The acquisition of these skills, competencies and attitudes needed is the willingness of the individual to show interest in participating in this type of training outside of the realm of the formal education system. Finally, non-formal education is only added value to the development of the individual, but no doubt has an effect on the community level. Moreover, non-formal education contributes to establishing and identifying the need of those skills or competencies that are important to the labor market.

Climate-Migration Nexus:Coping With Security-Oriented “Adaptation-Relocation” Approach Through Emerging Bottom-Up, Global, Subjective, And Multi-Faceted Governance

Author(s): Camille Menu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Research appears to be at an impasse on governance of environmental displacement (Hathaway 2017). Going beyond, this paper analyses mobilizations’ historicity, underlying concepts, interests, pitfalls and perspectives. This systematic review suggests that we need to shift from the security-oriented, state-led governance which the "adaptation-relocation" approach is in line with towards a subjective and multi-faceted governance scheme which conceptual framework remains uncertain, appraising the role of systemic instruments such as human rights to ensure holistic coherence.

Criminalized and Vulnerable: Refugees And Asylum Seekers in Thailand and Malaysia

Author(s): Jera Lego / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter examines Thai and Malaysian labor and immigration policies and their implications for the plight of refugees and asylum seekers. It argues that both the Thai and Malaysian governments employ incongruent and ultimately contradictory programs that, on the one hand, aim to utilize and optimize migrant labor for economic gain, motivated by a biopolitical imperative, and, on the other hand, aim to marginalize and criminalize those migrant populations, as motivated by a sovereign compulsion. Migrant labor is thus rendered a transient and disposable resource while serving as a site for performing and asserting the state’s sovereign power. In the absence of national asylum frameworks, refugees and asylum seekers become indistinguishable from undocumented migrant workers upon which the Thai and Malaysian states exercise the right to punish, detain, imprison, and deport. Moreover, refugees and asylum seekers, having no state to be returned to and seek protection from, are at risk of being returned to the same dangers they were fleeing from in the first place.

Making Diaspora Policies Without Knowing The Diaspora? The Case of Sri Lanka

Author(s): Pavithra Jayawardena / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Many sending countries around the world are relaxing their diaspora policies day by day. Sri Lanka, a sending country with over one million diaspora members, continues the dual citizenship policy as their central diaspora outreach policy. During the last decade, specifically after the end of the civil war, Sri Lankan dual citizenship policy became a heated topic at the domestic level. I argue that while Sri Lankan citizens who are living in the country and the government became the main entities in dual citizenship debates, Sri Lankan emigrants’ reasons and narratives are often ignored. Since the decisions on dual citizenship are made in absence of accurate knowledge on emigrants’ interests and needs, I argue that the existing Sri Lankan dual citizenship policy is ineffective; hence the need to revisit and reform the policy. The data of this study are gathered through 51 semi-structured interviews with Sri Lankan diaspora members in Australia and New Zealand. The findings suggest a disparity between the governments’ and emigrants’ expectations and interest on dual citizenship; Sri Lankan diaspora members’ interests are more non-instrumental (e.g. sense of belonging) while the government’s interests are more instrumental (e.g. investing).

Transiting into the Singaporean Identity: Immigration and Naturalisation Policy

Author(s): Mathews Mathew,Debbie Soon / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Debates in Singapore about immigration and naturalisation policy have escalated substantially since 2008 when the government allowed an unprecedentedly large number of immigrants into the country. While the city-state is essentially a migrant society, brought about through nineteenth century British colonial interests, Singaporeans have gained a heightened sense of national identity in the fifty years since independence. Being “Singaporean” is essentially, as in other post-colonial societies, manufactured through a series of founding myths and shared experiences. Founding myths include the meritocratic nature of the society, very different from its surrounding Southeast Asian nations where patronage, racial superiority and corruption are rife, and the importance of a strong state to ensure that the nation is able to survive against all odds (Rodan, 2004). Shared experiences, such as a gruelling education system, life in high rise and exorbitant public housing, compulsory military service for men and the melange of cultural celebrations and cuisine further define Singaporeans’ identity.