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Populizam u Nemačkoj i migrantska kriza

Author(s): Ljiljana Glišović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2018

In its post-war history, Germany successfully resisted the temptations of right-wing populism, even banning it by law, but the atmosphere of division caused by vigorous public debates about the legitimacy and success of the current migrant policy lowered the moral threshold of German society. There is no longer an exceptionality of the German party system, a historically conditioned immunity to the establishment of radically right-wing political parties. This paper investigates the impact of the migrant crisis on the rise of rightwing populism in Germany, if the protests in Kemnitz at the end of August 2018 caused by the murder of a German citizen suspected of two migrants, are a significant moment in German political history, showing that Germany is not able to resist the temptations of right-wing populism and, ultimately, to what extent the strengthening of populism and specifically of the right-wing populist party Alternative for Germany is based on anti-Islamic politics and the current migrant crisis, as well as what distinguishes populism in Germany from populist movements and populist parties in Europe.

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Balkanski aspekt migracione krize u Evropi

Author(s): Boro Vučinić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2017

A particular challenge for the European Union was the influx of a large number of refugees who came from various directions, “The Balkan Route” from Turkey, through the Balkans to Western Europe. The largest number of refugees came from Syria, Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan and other war-affected areas. It should be emphasized that even before this wave of migrants in Europe, there was already a widespread view that “excessive immigration”, including those from one EU member state to another (internal migration), is a key problem of local economies, that is, the “taking over” jobs from the local population. Unbundling and unwillingness were the basic characteristics of the EU’s response to the migrant crisis. In fact, it is difficult to speak of a “European response” since states withdrew unilateral acts and acted individually, turning the EU into a debate club that was unable to deliver resolute and clear decisions in time, let alone implement them in practice.

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The Reintegration Needs of Illegal Migrant Returnees to Omo Nada District Jimma Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia

Author(s): Gudina Abashula / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Despite the reintegration needs of the returnee there is important to design reintegration program, reintegrate and enable them to become independent and productive members of the community; the identification of these needs are often neglected in academic studies. The objective of the study was to explore the reintegration needs sought by returnees to Omo Nada district after return. To this end, I conducted a resourceful study in Omo Nada district in 2017. I collected the data by means of in-depth interviews, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. I used thematic analysis to analyze the findings. The study identified the need for support in the form of health services, counselling, housing, employment, skills training, finances, loans and social support as the major reintegration needs sought by the study participants. Despite the many needs identified, the returnees could not get reintegration support. Due to this, they were not able to reintegrate into their communities. Returning to the pre-migration conditions which drove them to migrate ‘illegally' in the first place, with no hope of any reintegration assistance, led some returnees to intend re-migrate illegally.

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La mente non prigioniera, ovvero Czestaw Mitosz dice «No»

Author(s): Anna Bikont,Joanna Szczęsna / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2008

Il 15 maggio del 1951, a Parigi, alla conferenza stampa della redazione di «Preuves», lo scrittore italiano Ignazio SiIone presentava al pubblico il poeta polacco Czestaw Mitosz, fino a poco tempo prima diplomatico della Repubblica Popolare di Polonia, il quale dichiarava che non sarebbe tornato nella Polonia comunista e chiedeva asilo. Il numero di maggio di «Kultura» di Parigi, contenente la dichiarazione di Mitosz Nie (No), usciva il giorno dopo.

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L'anello di carta

Author(s): Zygmunt Haupt / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2008

Un titolo insolito, accattivante. Un autore vissuto in penombra, noto solo agli "addetti ai lavori". Una raccolta di racconti che molto intesse e suggerisce, ma senza svelarsi.

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Why It Did Not Work: Structural Problems Behind Unsuccessful Return Migration in Latvia

Author(s): Zane Meļķe / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This paper is based on research analysing cases of unsuccessful East–West return migration. Specifically,it examines returnees’ expectations, needs and challenges that shape the decision for re-migration ordouble return migration. Qualitative data were collected from 2020 to 2022 through 16 in-depthbiographical interviews. The analysis applies narrative thematic and discursive approaches, focusing onspecific word choices and discursive forms. Although subjective and personal factors largely influence thenarrators’ mobility, the article highlights the structural factors underlying their unsuccessful return-migrationexperiences. The research question is: What structural problems have determined returnees’ decisions fordouble return migration? The results depict return migration as an emotionally driven decision motivatedby a sense of belonging, a duty to Latvia, a desire to contribute and institutional encouragement to return.Differences in communication culture, work environment and power relations emerge as key structuralchallenges contributing to double return migration or leaving the homeland. In analysing the factorsprompting narrators to reconsider their return and to leave Latvia for a second time, the study concludesthat, during their migration, the interviewees have adopted new values that render them outsiders and makethem unwilling to adapt.

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The European Union’s Response to the Refugee Movements from Ukraine: The End of the Solidarity Crisis?

Author(s): Daniele Saracino / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This article explores whether triggering the ‘Temporary Protection’ Directive (TPD) to deal with therefugee movements from Ukraine has heralded the end of the solidarity crisis in the European Union’sasylum policy. It makes two major contributions to the literature: first, it shows how the mode ofresponsibility allocation in the Common European Asylum System by a costs-by-cause principle violatesthe EU’s solidarity principle, creating a continuous solidarity crisis that was exacerbated after the refugeeinflux of 2015/2016. Second, it demonstrates how, by invoking the TPD, the EU exhibits continuity in botheroding asylum cooperation and putting increasing emphasis on border controls focusing primarily on theexternalisation and deflection of unwanted migration. The EU evades the dysfunctionalities in its asylumsystem by employing the temporary protection scheme, continuing a policy approach of more nationaldiscretion in terms of refugee protection while, at the same time, Member States’ policy preferences vis-à-visnon-Ukrainian protection-seekers have not changed. Taking into account the disproportionate distributionof responsibilities it has created among the Member States, the TPD decision has not ended the solidaritycrisis in Europe’s asylum policy.

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Polish Pioneer Communities in the Pacific Northwest: A Forgotten Chapter of Polish Diaspora

Author(s): Dorota Praszałowicz / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2024

The article explores four pioneer Polish American communities in Washington State: Pe Ell, Wilkeson, Aberdeen and Enumclaw. These small towns thrived on timber industry (Pe Ell, Aberdeen), coal mining (Wilkeson) and farming (Enumclaw). In each location, Poles established a lodge of the Polish National Alliance, and in three of these communities,they successfully opened a Polish Hall. In addition, they contributed to founding a Roman Catholic church in each town and successfully advocated for a Polish‑speaking pastorate. In Pe Ell, they also established and maintain the Holy Cross parish of the schismaticPolish National Catholic Church for many decades (1916‑1970). By presenting this information, the article aims to shed light on a lesser‑known aspect of Polish diaspora history in the United States.

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Securitisation of Migration in the European Union During the EU-Belarus Border Crisis (2021-2022)

Author(s): Dominika Liszkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 88/3/2024

Securitisation is associated with a certain amount of visibility for migrants in public space. It is expressed in actions such as tightening rules on illegal border crossings, strengthening the number of forces and services at the borders, introducing a state of emergency, intensive use of surveillance technologies and control practices by uniformed services, attempts to push migrants out, and ultimately the erection of fences. The aim of the article is to present activities related to the crisis on the border of the EU with Belarus (2021-2022) in the context of the securitisation theory. The research hypothesis assumes that the militarisation and weaponisation of migration in public discourse are important factors deepening the securitisation of migration in the event of a crisis on the border of the European Union with Belarus. In addition to indicating the emergency measures used in the case of this crisis and its specific features, the article draws attention to the process of securitisation of migration in the European Union in the context of other crises that have affected the community in recent years and were significantly related to migration.

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Kryzys humanitarny na granicy polsko-białoruskiej. Analiza zjawiska w perspektywie ładu społecznego

Author(s): Dariusz Niedźwiedzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 88/3/2024

The article concerns the humanitarian crisis on the Polish Belarusian border. The author describes and explains the phenomenon referring to the concept of social order by Stanisław Ossowski. The entities that create the social order at the Polish-Belarusian border are described and analysed: the EU, the Polish state and its institutions, civil society, inhabitants of the region and migrants crossing the border illegally. In the summary, the author points to the relationship between the social order created at the border and the humanitarian crisis.

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Emancypacja i (de)sekurytyzacja migracji w dyskursie Konferencji w sprawie przyszłości Europy

Author(s): Maciej Stępka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 88/3/2024

The article focuses on analysing the phenomenon of (de)securitisation of migration in the context of the European Union, with a particular focus on the discourse of the Conference on the Future of Europe (2021-2022). The “refugee crisis” in 2015-2016 highlighted weaknesses in EU migration policies, leading to an increased and continuous securitisation of migration at the EU level. The article argues that the Conference, serving as a platform for citizen dialogue with EU institutions, deviates from this trend by introducing elements of an emancipatory approach to security in its discourse on migration, asylum, and border protection. The study is based on the frame-narrative approach, which allows for the analysis of (de)securitising moves regarding migration and identifying specific emancipatory threads within the discourse of the Conference on the Future of Europe.

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Zagrożenia cywilizacyjne powiązane z kryzysem migracyjnym na granicy Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

Author(s): Patryk Chmielarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 91/2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of civilization threats resulting from the migration crisis on the Polish-Belarusian border. It discusses the types of civilization threats occurring in this context. The basic principles of operation of asymmetric threats resulting from the current situation on the border of the Republic of Poland were presented. Individual threats were presented and compared with the possible effects of an inadequately resolved migration crisis. The legal appropriateness of actions in the context of the migration crisis was assessed by analyzing specific legal acts. The disadvantages of the current procedure were presented and the possibilities of introducing specific actions were considered in order to solve the current situation at the border of the Republic of Poland in the most favorable way possible.

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Kryzys na granicy polsko-białoruskiej a prawa człowieka

Author(s): Anita Adamczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 92/2024

The purpose of this article is an attempt to analyze the activity of the Polish state in the context of respect for human rights on the Polish-Belarusian border in the period of the migration crisis, which began in mid-2021. The article puts forward the thesis that migrants on the Polish-Belarusian border were, “stripped of their rights” and depended, among other things, on the decisions of the Polish government, which did not want to accept them on its territory. The article is divided into three parts, the first of which deals with the issue of human rights in emergency situations. In the next, an attempt is made to show the validity of the positions of H. Arendt and G. Agamben, proclaiming that human rights are granted to an individual not by being a de facto human being, but a citizen of a state. The last part of the article presents the actions of the Polish authorities and Border Guard officers testifying to violations of human rights on the Polish-Belarusian border.

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Harraga: Illegal Migration of Algerians to Europe – Desperation or Dreams of a European Eldorado?

Author(s): Oksana Voytyuk / Language(s): English Issue: 92/2024

The external borders of the European Union are becoming increasingly difficult to cross each year. Migrants deprived of legal entry into the EU still attempt to do so illegally. Neither the introduction of visa restrictions nor the closure of borders has reduced the phenomenon of illegal border crossings. The aim of this article is to investigate and describe the harraga phenomenon, which consists of the illegal crossing of the southern sea borders of the European Union by citizens of the Maghreb countries. The author will endeavour to explain the causes and motivations of migrants, with a primary focus on Algerians. In Algeria, the harraga phenomenon differs from other types of migration, and there are political and social reasons behind this phenomenon. Algerian harraga follows its own logic of circumventing restrictions and crossing borders illegally. Risking their lives to leave the country, Algerians view this as their last hope of reaching the ‘European El Dorado’. Obtaining a visa in Algeria today has become a far more challenging undertaking than the perilous crossing of the Mediterranean Sea. For young people, often coming from large working-class families, ‘burning the borders’ is the only way to reach Europe and pursue a different life, often precarious but more stable. Algerians travel to Spain, Italy and Malta, crossing the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, but their primary destination remains France – where economic and social conditions significantly motivate individuals to undertake the dangerous journey to Europe. The research methods used in the article include a literature review, data analysis, synthesis, comparison and case study.

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Ośrodki recepcyjne dla uchodźców w przestrzeni polskich miast – specyfika wyzwań i kryteriów projektowych

Author(s): Aleksandra Karpińska,Robert Idem / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 49/2024

The temporary accommodation of migrants is a contemporary challenge for those responsible for shaping the housing envi- ronment. As a result of the escalation of the refugee crisis, especially after the outbreak of war in Ukraine in 2022, we observe an increasing demand for the organization of shelters on a massive scale for people affected by the humanitarian crisis. This leads to the identification of requirements related to the adaptation of buildings in the urban space of Polish cities into reception centres for refugees. These requirements are based on the experience of already existing centres, as well as inter- national and local standards in this field. Developing a comprehensive set of design and spatial criteria for refugee reception centres in Poland seems important given the urgent need to develop a long-term strategy for responding to the migration cri- sis. It also requires urban infrastructure planning to be considered through the lens of resilience, sustainability and inclusivity.

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Bridging Borders, Breaking Barriers: Gender Politics and Polish Migrant Activism in the UK

Author(s): Grzegorz Piotrowski,Magdalena Muszel / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Migrant activism, particularly of Polish migrants in the UK, is a dynamic and interesting area in whichto exploring intersections of social movement theory, politics, and global communication. This article examinesthe role of “transmigrants”—individuals who maintain ties to their home countries while living abroad. Ouranalysis especially focuses on the growing political activism of Polish migrants, with an emphasis on women’sand feminist movements, because socio-political changes in Poland after 2015 and enhanced communicationhave intensified the impact of such migrant activism across Europe. Global women’s rights movements and theintersectional, inclusive nature of contemporary activism have become crucial unifying forces and producedtransnational solidarity for women facing widespread gender discrimination. Our findings indicate that whilePolish migrant activism has been influenced by Poland’s political context, the post-Brexit situation has alsoled to broader challenges for migrants, with concomitant deeper political integration and engagement in theUK. Furthermore, this article discusses the shift in transnational political remittances from grassroots activism toa more collaborative, mainstream approach. Drawing on networks established during the COVID-19 pandemic,the shift has been crucial in addressing post-Brexit legal challenges. While there are similarities between feministactivism in the UK and Poland, migrant communities have demonstrated their adaptability and resilience byintroducing unique strategies and alliances in the overseas context.

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Dostatek dla swoich. Specyfika populistycznej polityki społecznej

Author(s): Włodzimierz Anioł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2024

Research on contemporary populism reveals a relative deficit of comprehensive, rather than fragmentary, studies on specific public policies, particularly those implemented by populists who rule independently, without coalition partners. The aim of the article is to determine the specificity and a comparative look at three different varieties of populist social policy: Latin American, Western European and Central and Eastern European. Given the relatively poor recognition of the topic in the scientific literature, especially from a comparative perspective, the comments presented here do not constitute a rigor- ous, highly disciplined comparative analysis of selected cases. Rather, supported by a more general theoretical reflection, the author provides a general overview of the situation, sup- plemented by a handful of empirical illustrations. These highlight model patterns of so- cial populism observed in various parts of the world (such as social chauvinism or social clientelism), which show certain similarities while also standing out due to their district regional and national specificities.

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Complexities of Collaborative Crisis Response: Stakeholders’ Perception of Coordination Challenges during the Influx of Ukrainian Forced Migrants to Warsaw

Author(s): Igor Lyubashenko / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

The article delves into the challenges of multi-sectoral coordination in emergency foodrelief for forced migrants from Ukraine in Warsaw. Utilising the COM-B model, we an-alysed interviews with representatives from public authorities, the private sector, andNGOs to identify perceived barriers in capability, opportunity, and motivation affectingcollaboration. Our findings indicate a consensus across sectors regarding capability andopportunity barriers. Key capability issues include coordination complexities, communi-cation gaps, and unclear roles, leading to systemic inefficiencies and response delays. Op-portunity barriers are predominantly linked to procedural and bureaucratic challenges,exacerbated by conflicting policies and cultural factors. Motivational challenges differ bysector, ranging from frustrations associated with attempts to collect high-quality donationsin the public sector, operational risks and misuse concerns in the private sector, to moraledecline due to criticism in NGOs.

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ILEGALNE MIGRACIJE – RUTE SRBIJA I BIH

Author(s): Saša D. Kecman / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2020

In the last few years, the world has been preoccupied with the global problem of illegal migration, which is primarily reflected in human smugling and trafficking. The governments of a large number of countries are making efforts to combat these phenomena. The result sits in significant international treaties and conventions which the signatory countries have committed themselves to take measures and cooperate with each other in combating smuggling and trafficking in human beings. Serbia has signed the Palermo Convention and additional protocols related to the suppression of trafficking in human beings and smuggling of migrants. In the following text, we will clarify the concepts, legal regulations, modalities of execution and methods of detecting and combating criminal acts related to illegal migration.

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Милан Рачић, Избјеглице - право и стварност

Author(s): Saša Čekrlija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2016

Review of: Милан Рачић, Избјеглице - право и стварност, Независни универзитет Бања Лука, 2015. Штампа: Графид Бања Лука.

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