Mijloacele de probă cu caracter medico-legal

Author(s): Eugen Gheorghe Crişan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: Special/2023

A legal and thorough solution in a criminal case is the one that is based on the truth, and the truth is established by means of evidence, which is brought to the case file for examination and consideration by the judicial bodies and other participants in the criminal process by means of evidence. In many cases, the evidence is taken by participants in the criminal proceedings other than the judicial authorities, such as specialists and experts, over whose work the judicial authorities and the other participants have indirect control. Whether their work is appropriate the judicial bodies and the other participants can find out by checking it through legislation, which is, for the most part, expressly dedicated to the specific activity. This is the case for forensic activity, which, through the documents drawn up during or at the end of the activity, whether we are talking about the forensic medical certificate or the endorsement of the higher forensic medical committee, constantly contributes to establishing the truth in criminal cases. However, the use of these forensic specialists sometimes leads to legal problems, although there is a rich history of such use, some of which are to be discussed below.

Diniego di accesso al programma di giustizia riparativa: note critiche in margine a una recente pronuncia della Corte di Cassazione

Author(s): Sofia Maria Pedro / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2024

The nature of restorative justice in relation to criminal proceedings has always been the subject of significant attention. While its fundamental principles challenge the criminal justice system, this paradigm is complementary to it. Due the strong polarization of reactions to its introduction, the Cartabia Reform could create a conflict between ‘real rules’ and ‘paper norms’, potentially relegating restorative justice to a marginal and disconnected role within the legal system. Such a risk is already evident in a recent ruling by the Court of Cassation, namely in the Baldo Case, where the judges did not recognize the appealability of the denial of access to a restorative justice program. This study will examine that ruling, analyzing the legal reasons for the non-recognition of appealability and subsequent lack of judicial protection for restorative programs. Additionally, the Court’s description of restorative justice as a service aimed at fostering relationships between individuals will be discussed, as it is seen to represent a distorted interpretation of the nature of this new paradigm, potentially relegating it not to a “separate track”, but rather to a “dead-end track” within the criminal process.

I fattori di successo o insuccesso di una mediazione

Author(s): Isidoro Barbagallo / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2024

The mediator's personal skills are of fundamental importance in the success or, conversely, failure of a mediation, whatever the approach adopted. The ability of lawyers and parties to know how to negotiate also plays a significant role. Illustrated here is a practical case in which the mediator disapplied, due to lack of personal ability, some important practical principles of mediation technique, without thus managing to identify the concrete interests that could have led the parties to conciliation. During the subsequent court proceedings, some parties managed to find a solution, with the help of their lawyers. The mediator must be capable of eliciting the resolution of the conflict not in the classic win-lose judicial scheme, but in a "win-win" logic, thus generating an appreciable level of final satisfaction in all parties, in the realization of their concrete interests and specific.

La decadenza nella procedura di mediazione dopo la Riforma Cartabia Riflessioni a margine della sentenza del Tribunale di Napoli, sez.

Author(s): Maria Vittoria Occorsio / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2024

This article addresses the issue of deadline expiration within mediation procedures, analyzed in the context of the Cartabia Reform. Using judgment no. 8555/2023 from the Naples Court as a reference point and juxtaposing it with subsequent jurisprudential developments, the study examines the revised text of Art. 8 of Legislative Decree 28/2010 and its implications for challenging condominium resolutions. Particular attention is given to the key interpretative challenges regarding the dies a quo and the legal effects of mediation on deadline expiration. By contrasting the regulatory frameworks before and after the reform, the discussion explores potential legal interpretations, including the suspension or interruption of deadlines, adopting a critical perspective to assess the systematic coherence of the legislative measures. The article concludes by underscoring the necessity for legislative clarification to ensure the uniform and effective application of these provisions, aligning with the deflationary and conciliatory aims advanced by the Cartabia Reform.

La Mediazione obbligatoria: un aumento di costi davvero insostenibile?

Author(s): Anna Ferrari Aggradi,Franca Visonà / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2023

Reflections in the margin of a recent ruling by the Court of Verona dr. Massimo Vaccari - order of 24/11/2023: Compulsory Mediation- Disapplication of Dlgs.28/2010 as amended by Dlgs 149/2022.

Tra Incontro e Restituzione: l’esperienza della Giustizia Riparativa attraverso gli occhi di un Testimone

Author(s): Ileana Bertasini / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2023

“Per far capire che cosa è la giustizia riparativa, c’è bisogno di raccontare storie di vita vissuta, e che chi può portare la propria testimonianza ci metta la faccia. È fondamentale dare una identità, un volto alle persone di cui stiamo parlando, raccontare la loro storia e consapevolizzare che sono persone umane, e non il crimine che hanno commesso.”1 Lorenzo Sciacca, operatore di giustizia la cui rinascita è frutto della propria storia ferita, toccata da un incontro, avanza un’osservazione semplice ma tutt’altro che banale, se si riflette sul fatto che ogni rivoluzione culturale ha bisogno, prima che di maestri, di testimoni.

Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 2 lutego 2023 r., C-208/21, w sprawach nieuczciwych praktyk handlowych w zakresie obowiązków informacyjnych w ubezpieczeniach na życie z ubezpieczeniowym funduszem kapitałowym (…)

Author(s): Magdalena Szczepańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 115/2023

The subject of this gloss is the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU)of 2 February 2023, C-208/21 on unfair commercial practices with reference to the informationdisclosure in life assurance contracts linked to investment funds, called unit-linked life insurance.The judgment contains guidelines on information disclosure in this insurance by entities thatprepare and distribute such insurance products. The issue is of vital importance for insuranceindustry and has not been unambiguously defi ned either in legal regulations or in judicial decisions.Rather than addressing all the questions referred to the Court of Justice, the gloss concentrateson entities responsible for communicating the information to the consumers before they accedeto unit-linked group life insurance contracts.

Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej (piąta izba) z dnia 30 marca 2023 r. (C-618/21) dotyczącego zakresu kompetencji ustawodawców krajowych w zakresie zasad prawa odszkodowawczego oraz ubezpieczenia odpowiedzialności (…)

Author(s): Marcin Orlicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 114/2023

The gloss concerns the judgment of the Court of Justice of the EU which confi rmed the rightof national legislators to determine the shape of insurance compensation under the compulsorymotor third party liability insurance. However, it is necessary to ensure that the aggrieved partyhas the right to claim damages from the insurer under direct claim to have the damage remediedin the full due extent.

Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 13 października 2022 r. w sprawie prawa agenta do prowizji od umów z klientami pozyskanymi poprzednio przez agenta (sprawa C-64/21)

Author(s): Jakub Nawracała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 113/2022

The gloss refers to the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union of 13 October2022 in Case C-64/21. The court adjudicated on the problem presented in the request for a pre-liminary ruling from the Polish Supreme Court (Case I CSK 483/18). The issue considered bythe Supreme Court related to the legal nature of the provision of Article 761 §1 in fi ne of thePolish Civil Code, and more specifi cally to the determination whether this provision is dispositive,imperative or semi-imperative. In reality, the question was whether Article 761 §1 in fi ne of thePolish Civil Code ‘imposes’ the agent’s entitlement to commission on contracts entered into bythe ordering party with clients previously acquired by the agent for contracts of the same kind, or whether that entitlement may be contractually excluded. The referral to the CJEU for a pre-liminary ruling resulted from the fact that Article 7(1)(b) of Council Directive 86/653/EEC hadbeen transposed into Polish law by means of Article 761 §1 in fi ne of the Polish Civil Code and,in the Supreme Court’s opinion, it was desirable to apply a pro-EU interpretation. In the glossedjudgment, the Court ruled that Article 7(1)(b) of the Directive is dispositive and that the agent’sentitlement to commission on such contracts may be derogated. In general, the author of thisgloss considers the CJEU’s judgment to be correct in the context of the arguments cited by theCourt, with those arguments being based on the interpretation borne out by the legislative historyof the directive, its genesis and the process of creating its legal provisions at the initial stage.

Cauza F și L. c. României

Author(s): / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

This article presents the case Zăicescu and Fălticineanu v. Romania at the European Court of Human Rights.

Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Stabilirea pensiei de serviciu a magistraților. Indemnizațiile de delegare sau detașare ale magistraților

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 69/2024, M. Of. nr. 1.269 din 17 decembrie 2024.

Acțiune formulată de sindicat în numele membrilor săi. Competență

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

În cauză, se reține că acțiunea a fost formulată de sindicat în numele membrilor săi și nu de către aceștia din urmă, întrucât cererea de chemare în judecată a fost semnată de președintele sindicatului, fiind anexate la dosar și împuternicirile acordate de angajați organizației sindicale. Totodată, în contextul celor statuate prin Decizia nr. 1 din 21 ianuarie 2013, pronunțată în soluționarea recursului în interesul legii, nu se poate reține că se instituie o competență teritorială exclusivă doar în favoarea instanței în a cărei rază teritorială se regăsește sediul organizației sindicale, partea având posibilitatea, în virtutea principiului disponibilității, să introducă cererea de chemare în judecată și la instanța în a cărui circumscripție își are domiciliul sau locul de muncă angajatul, potrivit art. 269 alin. (2) din Codul muncii.

Trimitere preliminară. Politica socială. Protecția securității și sănătății lucrătorilor. Directiva 89/391/CEE. Obligații de natură generală în materie de protecție a securității și sănătății. Proceduri naționale paralele. Hotărâre judecătorească a..

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Cererea de decizie preliminară privește interpretarea articolului 1 alineatele (1) și (2) și a articolului 5 alineatul (1) din Directiva 89/391/CEE a Consiliului din 12 iunie 1989 privind punerea în aplicare de măsuri pentru promovarea îmbunătățirii securității și sănătății lucrătorilor la locul de muncă (JO 1989, L 183, p. 1, Ediție specială, 05/vol. 2, p. 88), precum și a articolului 31 alineatul (1) din Carta drepturilor fundamentale a Uniunii Europene (denumită în continuare „carta”).

Съдебна власт. CEC, Дело C‑400/23

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2025

Certain Questions of the Judicial Liability in a Legal Historian Perspective

Author(s): Boglárka Lilla Schlachta / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The study focuses on the analysis of the judicial liability in the perspective of legal history from 1936 to 1954 in Hungary. During the indicated time period the disciplinary liability of the judges was regulated by the Act III of 1936. The forthcoming regulation reflecting the zeitgeist was Act XXII of 1948 introducing changes to liability of the judges. Subsequently the framework of the disciplinary proceedings was laid down by Act II of 1954 and the detailed rules was declared by the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic decree 1.051/1954 (VI. 30.). Act III of 1936 and Act II of 1954 are the results of two political eras which are significantly different in content, and this study focuses on these differences.

CHILD REPRESENTATION IN CASES BEFORE THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS

Author(s): Anica Čulo Margaletić,Ivan Šimović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Representation of the child is an integral part of the institution of parental responsibility. Holders of parental responsibility, usually the parents, represent their child equally, jointly and consensually both in everyday life and in administrative and judicial proceedings. However, in certain life situations a conflict between parents may appear (such as separation, divorce, child abduction, partial deprivation of legal capacity etc.), so the question arises as to which one of them should represent the child? Would representation of the child by only one parent disrupt the principle of parental equality as well as the equality of sexes? In certain life situations a conflict of interests between the parents and the child may appear (because criminal, misdemeanour or family law proceedings for the protection of the rights and welfare of the child have been initiated against one or both parents etc.), and the challenge for the legal system is how to ensure objective and impartial representation of the child and his/her best interests? These are both social and legal problems that will be elaborated through relevant academic sources and recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights.

Решение № 13672 от 16.12.2024 г. по адм. дело № 7738/2024 г. на Върховния административен съд

Author(s): Author Non Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

Преюдициално запитване до Съда на Европейския съюз от 21.09.2023 г. по адм. дело № 1145/2022 на Aдминистративен съд – София – област

Author(s): Author Non Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

Указател на съдебните актове

Author(s): Author Non Specified / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2024

ARRÊT WALESA C. POLOGNE DU 23 NOVEMBRE 2023 : LE CHAPITRE FINAL DE LA SAGA SUR L’INDÉPENDANCE DE LA JUSTICE ENTRE LA COUR DE STRASBOURG ET VARSOVIE

Author(s): Arianna Angeli / Language(s): French Issue: 35/2024

This article focuses on the analysis of the pilot-judgment Walesa v. Poland, pronounced by the European Court of Human Rights, concluding that there had been a violation of Article 8 and Article 6 paragraph 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The author thus draws on the various reforms of the judicial system carried out, impacting the independence and impartiality of the Polish justice system, in order to highlight the existing “systemic and structural problems” in this field in Poland.