We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The Quran uses –in general- the Arabic words in its literal meanings. However, in certain cases metaphore becomes the focal point of the Quranic verses depending on the context. Thereof excegesis vary in highlighting the metaphor in their interpretation. Al-Kadi Al-Baydawi for example in his book” Envâru’t-Tenzîl ve Esrâru’t-Te’vîl was one of those who were interested in metaphor. This paper is meant to examine the rhetoric science in his book.
More...
The Holy Quran has its own methods of various expression. One of them is the change in narrative style during the flow of expression by replacing mutual between personal pronouns, in the verbs of past and future tenses and in the noun and verb sentences, etc. It is also done with some literary purposes which add richness to the statement or meaning. Some exegetes who give importance to Quranic rhetoric, has investigated what may this purpose be. One of these is Kadı Beydâvî. His views about the matter will be examined in this article.
More...
This paper deals with ‘speech genres’ in Russian linguistics, as well as the sources and results of scientifi c research conducted within the concept. Thereby, most of the paper relies on the synthetic work of V. V. Dementiev. It concludes that the founder of this direction in research is M. Bakhtin and that most of the research efforts are focused on the transit period between the 20th and 21st centuries. Dementiev points out both the results of the work and certain inconsistencies that should be overcome. The greatest obstacle is observed in the incapacity to define the starting points of the theory and structural principle of the research corpus. At the end of the paper, there is an example of the ‘recipe’ style, through which it is shown how ‘genre’ could be defined from a linguistic point of view.
More...
The paper discusses the influence of the English language on Serbian in the language of blogs. The corpus is analyzed on the lexical level, with particular reference to the scope of adaptation of the English words and the use of the slang elements from English. Speaking about the adaptation of the English words in the language of Serbian blogs, we can state that they are adapted in four different ways. The English lexemes are unmodified, misspelled, reflected in the Serbian lexemes and properly transcribed with addition of Serbian lexical and grammatical affixes. Furthermore, English words, which are frequently used in everyday conversation, particularly among young people, have become part of Serbian slang. Such unsystematic linguistic situation cannot undermine the standard Serbian language norm but it shows the low level of Serbian speakers’ linguistic and cultural awareness.
More...
The paper analyses the problems of translation of specific groups of words from Serbian into Italian in the novel Trifle-shop “Lucky hand” by Goran Petrović. Starting from the translation of the title of the novel, in Italy published under the title 69 cassetti (69 drawers), the analysis follows the problems of translation of specific groups of words with special reference to their semantics. The analysis focuses on the phrases difficult for translation, which are directly related to the culture of the Serbian people, as well as on the expressions with characteristics of archaic, colloquial speech or words of foreign origin, and on the compound words that are not characteristic of Serbian literary language but are the main characteristics of the writer’s literary style. The analysis and comparison of the translator’s choices of particular Italian words as the equivalents of the original Serbian words shows that the main problem of a translator’s job is the question of what remains “lost in translation”, and also the problem concerning the translation of the style of a writer like Goran Petrović.
More...
This paper discusses the style value of diminutive nouns in Ivo Andrić’s short stories between 1925 and 1941. Andrić’s style is characterised by the absence of expressives, although one notices a number of diminutive nouns the writer commonly utilized in nominal function. While the use of some diminutives achieves a certain stylistic and poetic function — it also reveals subtext and more accurately represents the psychology of his characters, in particular the psychological conditions and characteristics of the main character. Furthermore, this paper indicates the reactions and actions of the characters and describes their interior.
More...
This paper aims at exploring linguistic features of the German language of law within the supranational legal system of the European Union. In the theoretical part of the paper, linguistic features of the German language of law are presented and analysed based on the prior research of legal texts in the German language. In the empirical part of the paper, linguistic features of the German language are analysed on the corpus of the Amsterdam Treaty with reference to the categorization of linguistic features established in the theoretical part. The results of the analysis should indicate which linguistic features are specific for the Treaty of Amsterdam as an example of founding treaties of the European Union and to which extent they differ from general features of the German language of law. Qualitative and quantitative methods are applied in the analysis of excerpted examples at relevant linguistic levels. Based on the fact that different legal systems generate different legal concepts as well as specific legal terminology and phraseology, the hypothesis of this paper is that in the text of the Treaty of Amsterdam, as one of the primary sources of the EU law, the most striking differences shall be discovered in the field of terminology and phraseology, i.e. at the levels of morphology, lexicology and style.
More...
The present study applies a checklist of linguistic and stylistic categories developed by Leech and Short (2007) to examine the short story “Eleven” written by Sandra Cisneros. Stylistic analysis is the study that examines the level of efficacy in the utility of words or language in a sentence or any writing. In this sense, this study is concerned to provide stylistic analysis of the selected short story concerning its underlying theories from a method of prose text analysis that affianced by literary stylists Leech & Short (1981) to be able to determine its stylistic efficacy concerning lexical category. This study provides awareness in developing and presenting a model for EFL teachers how to use this kind of analysis in EFL context. In this regard, as the analysis is made up the aspects of lexical pattern, it would be prominently crucial in understanding the importance of how to select literary texts for language learners to be able to promote language learning. Thus, this study is useful and worthy endeavor in foreign language teaching as it sheds light in the awareness of selecting appropriate literary texts depending on students’ needs, interest and levels for not creating dilemma in learning process and demotivating learners, and clarifying to what extent pedagogical stylistics provide contribution to learning foreign language.
More...
Regarded as one of the fundamental characteristics of language by many linguists and partaking at the very front of factors that create polysemy are transfers of meaning. Transfers that are approached since old rhetorical studies as part of strong figures of speech, which provide impressive expression, are shaped in line with society's characteristics and trends. Transfers, which provide the word with a large number of meanings, are evaluated under the titles "Metaphor transfer" and "Name transfer". Metaphor transfer, name transfer are ways to transfer the mental imageries of language. The most common type of transfers in every language is metaphor transfer or metaphor. Name transfer is besides being psycholinguistic and a gradually comprehension of fact also a rhetorical skill. This study evaluates the transfers related to animal names of one of the Turkish dialects, the Bashkir Turkish, which has a strong expression in terms of nature and the concrete. The name transfer, which is defined as the explaining of a concept with a related or another linked concept, is defined as "metonimiya" in the Bashkir Turkish grammar. "Metonimiya", which is also evaluated as different naming or name change, counts as the shortest way for naming. In the grammar of Bashkir Turkish the metaphor transfer however is approached within polysemy under a sub-heading called "metafora" and evaluated in three groups, which are; "atama metaforlar (naming metaphors)", obrazlı metaforalar (living metaphors)”, “individual-sitilistik metaforalar (individual metaphors)”. The innovation in transfers is based on the production of something new with semantic clarity (relevance) by using a non-specific (non-eligible) characterization path. As long as we recognize the habitual use of the word and thereby the incompatibility (mismatch) demonstrated at the level of the literal interpretation of the sentence while passing through new semantic clarity and in a sense through its semantic depth, transfers will always stay alive. Semantic novelty can be connected to the imagination of the producer. The emergence of a new semantic clarity in transfers, beautifully shows what imagination, produced according to rules may be. When the Bashkir Turks, who express the plant known as honeysuckle "ayıw balanı (bear plant)", long plants without flower "quyan qŭlaq (rabbit ear)" and to beat around the bush "at qŭlŭnlatıw (to birth a horse)", and their imaginative transfers about animals are evaluated, we can see an emerging richness, which is also an indication of the richness of the cultural structure of society.
More...
The article is devoted to the analysis of means of expression of the quality concept developed by Kitabi-Dede Gorgud. Here it becomes clear that quality is expressed not only by adjectives, but also by different ways of expression. Simultaneously, the word and phrase of the qualitative composition, accessible to the language of the writing, is apparent. The author tries to prove these assumptions on the basis of examples.
More...
The paper presents some basic features of the language of Divine Worship: The Missal (2015), the liturgical book of the recently established Ordinariates for former Anglicans. It discusses the historical sources of the text of the Ordinariate missal. The linguistic characteristics of Divine Worship is shown on the basis of a comparison with corresponding texts in the current English translation of the Roman Missal. The comparison makes it possible to demonstrate that the language of the Ordinariate liturgy is a highly hieratic (sacral) variety of English in the sense of Mohrmann (1959, 1968), Crystal (1964, 1990) and the Vatican instruction Liturgiam authenticam (2001). The relevant hieratic style is a direct contribution of the Anglican Patrimony to the contemporary Roman liturgy.
More...
This paper reveals little-known episodes from A. Peshkovsky’s scientific biography and analyses some fragments of his books and articles in the 1920s and 1930s that became the focus of linguistic discussions and showed ambiguous ideological situation in the science of that time. Special attention is paid to the formation of A. Peshkovsky as a linguist and methodist. His first works on “school and scientific grammar” that laid the foundations of the modern approach to the study of the theory and practice of syntax are analysed. It is noted that the studies by A. Peshkovsky teetered at the level of implementing the ideas of the old Moscow linguistic school of academicians Fortunatov and Shakhmatov, while gravitating toward the insight of A. Potebnya and yet showing at the same time a different way of understanding grammatical ideas. The author claims that A. Peshkovsky went from the traditional diachronic analysis in the direction of the formal approach, while not abandoning “the psychological perception of the word”. A. Peshkovsky, a reformer taking a stand in his search and linguistic experiments against the Marrist and tunnel-visioned understanding of the tasks of Soviet linguistics and methodological science, was subjected to unfair criticism for his stance. The discussions that took place at that time testify to the consistency and scientific integrity of the scientist’s views in the era of the struggle against “eclecticism”, “formalism”, and “incorrigible Indo-Europeanism”. The paper presents some instances of correspondence disputes by V. Voloshinov and M. Bakhtin with A. Peshkovsky on the issues in relationship of grammar and stylistics. His opponents believed that “grammar detached from the semantic and stylistic side of speech inevitably degenerates into scholasticism”. Drawing on materials from archives and personal collection, the author of this paper gives unique facts of the lexicographical activity of A. Peshkovsky in the early 1920s related to his work on the explanatory dictionary of the Russian literary language (not published). The closing part of the paper analyses the dispute between L. Timofeev and A. Peshkovsky. It is stated that “the new theory of the rhythm of prose” by A. Peshkovsky and his works on psychophonetics caused an ambiguous reaction in the philological community and contributed to the activation of research seeking for a “system of division of prose into units” and other experiments on the study of literary texts. Consideration is also given to the works by A. Peshkovsky in the 1930s, in which the scientist solved new problems in the field of formal characteristics of words and word combinations, wrote about the functioning of literary speech as well as the role of intonation in the formation of the syntactic structure of the sentence. Emphasis is laid on the originality and experimental character of many theses by A. Peshkovsky further developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
More...
Building upon the theoretical foundations of social cognitive linguistics, this paper makes the case for considering the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness in the intersubjective context of joint attention as a key factor in the process of style attribution. Specifically, socio-cultural situatedness is regarded as a crucial component of the speaker’s perspective, playing a decisive role in the construal of style. In order to support this central assumption, the paper presents a two-phase empirical study of style in Hungarian. In the first phase, the authors conducted a questionnaire study to find out which everyday, intuitive labels of style give evidence of the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness. The questionnaire made use of 12 excerpts of Hungarian university seminars to elicit reflections on style attributions. In the second phase, relying on the results of the first survey, a subsequent questionnaire was conducted. The aim of the second questionnaire was to operationalize folk categories of style attested in the first phase to describe style and measure stylistic markedness. Reconsidering earlier descriptive models, we found that the folk categories of style foreground different aspects of the speaker’s socio-cultural situatedness which – on a more abstract level – can be successfully described by the heuristic scientific categories of socio-cultural factors, which imply the speaker’s socio-cultural attitude to different aspects of style in the recipient’s interpretation. The speaker’s socio-cultural attitude comprises her attitude to the formation of discourse, to the discourse partner, to the value of the topic, to the temporality of constructions and to the norms of the register of the discourse.
More...
The paper examines certain formal and stylistic facets of the past timereference forms in Momčilo Nastasijević’s short story A Note about the gifts from mycousin Marija as well as their equivalents in English translation. The analysis showedstructural diversity and high degree of stylistic efficiency of these forms in the Serbianlanguage along with, primarily stylistic, departures in translation. The departureswere observed through the prism of different syntactic and stylistic potential of thetwo languages in question as well as from the perspective of potentially differenttranslation solutions.
More...
Imperfect verbs ending in -(j)avati and -(j)ivati are synonymous forms in the Croatian literary language; they are numerous and used quite often. These verbs have been systematized at the morphological and formative levels of Croatian-language literary norm. A comparison of grammar books, orthography and style manuals, and language advisors reveals both different descriptions and normative approaches to the distribution of those allomorphic suffixes; therefore, one may say that these verb forms have not been evenly, consistently and firmly systematized in the literary and language norm, which exerts an impact on the literary and language practices in terms of vacillation and inconsistencies. This paper addresses the description of verbs that add -(j)avati and -(j)ivati ‒ in the literary and language norms of the latter part of the 20th century and contemporary alike ‒ with the aim of bringing attention to possible shortcomings worthy of note.
More...
Dynamics of Place Relationships and Identity Images in Les parents terribles by Jean Cocteau. The article aims to study the dynamics of the place relationships between mother and son in scene IV of the first act of the above- mentioned play. This relationship, which represents the central theme of the play, is based on authority and domination and the son will try to ward off by resorting to a strategy. We will try to see first of all what this strategy consists of and what effect it will have on the evolution of the relationships between the two characters. Then, the study of the successive phases through which verbal interaction goes through (conversation, discussion, argument) will allow us to show how the plurality of interlocutive roles influences the dynamics of place relationships and identity images.
More...
This paper offers a stylistic analysis and exploration of the rhetorical devices used by the chief imams in their khutba sermons at Friday prayers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The khutba is a key tool in the mission of Islam. It involves elements and features of both the sacred and oratorical styles, but its basic purpose is persuasive and conative, viz. it aims to promote active change. It therefore deploys all the elements of discourse, with a stress on the use of proofs. Qur’anic quotations, hadiths, and statements from Islamic and Western thinkers are thus drawn upon as proofs, alongside sayings and anecdotes. Other devices also used to persuade or support the argument include rhetorical questions and repetition.
More...
In this paper, we will analyze the words from the corpus of theological scientific works in Serbian and English, which are taken over mainly from Greek, Latin and Hebrew. In the case where there are appropriate translations, we will carry out the comparative analysis and, in addition, provide the results of the statistical analysis.
More...
The author depicts the peculiarities of the standard Croatian language that no other language in the world has in respect of its historic development, the treatment of its dialects, as well as regarding its phonetic, grammatical, lexical and stylistic levels. The author also shows that in both its usage and codified norms – and norm is the only criterion that determines standard languages – there is no other language like Croatian in the world. We can therefore speak of the standard Croatian language as a specific South-Slavic, Slavic and world language. Croatian can be said to be identical with Serbian, under the name Serbo-Croatian, only if one neglects some important facts that must by no means be neglected in a scientific analysis. The same goes for the suggestion that Croatian is a variant of Serbo-Croatian, or that Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin are merely variants of the same language, in which case variant is used as a polysemic and thus scientifically insufficiently defined term. One of the arguments supporting the sameness of these languages is their comprehensibility. The author argues that comprehensibility cannot be a criterion for the sameness, and as far as the comprehensibility between Serbian and Croatian is concerned the author shows that it is not absolute and that misunderstandings can sometimes cause multimillion damages.
More...
Artykuł przedstawi najbardziej typowe cechy religijności (oraz sekularyzacji) czeskiego społeczeństwa, wskaże na historyczno-polityczne źródła tej odmienności oraz tendencje jej rozwoju. Na podstawie odpowiedniej literatury fachowej, popularnonaukowej i zdecydowanie popularyzującej (a nawet rozrywkowej) opublikowanej w ciągu ostatnich 20–30 lat przez czeskich autorów (socjologów, teologów, psychologów, księży, katechetów, dziennikarzy itp.) artykuł przybliży (polskiemu) odbiorcy typ narracji używanej podczas omawiania tematów związanych z Bogiem, Biblią, Kościołem, wiarą, duchowością… W artykule zostaną przytoczone konkretne przykłady takiej narracji. Do przygotowania artykułu posłużyły prace takich badaczy, jak np. D. Červenková, P. Fiala, H. Hamplová, P. Hošek, Z. R. Nešpor, P. Říčan, O. I. Štampach, D. Václavík, R. Vido. Szczególna uwaga zostanie poświęcona publikacjom Tomáša Halíka (Ptal jsem se cest), Zbigniewa Czendlika (Postel, hospoda, kostel) oraz Alexandra Fleka (Parabible). Przedmiotem analizy jest sposób wyrażania się o Bogu (świętości), wierze, wierzących, księżach, Kościele. The present paper introduces the most typical features of religiosity (and secularization) in Czech society, pointing out their historical-political origins and the tendencies in their development. Based on relevant professional, scientific-popular and unambiguously popular (entertaining) literature produced by Czech authors (sociologists, theologians, psychologists, priests, journalists, etc.) over the last 20-30 years, the contribution will familiarize Polish readers with the type of narrative used in works on God, the Bible, the Church, faith, mysticism, etc., providing concrete examples of such discourse. Writings by researchers such as Červenková, P. Fiala, H. Hamplová, P. Hošek, Z. R. Nešpor, P. Říčan, O. I. Štampach, D. Václavík, R. Vido were used for the paper. Special attention is devoted to works by Tomáš Halík (Ptal jsem se cest), Zbigniew Czendlik (Postel, hospoda, kostel) and Alexander Flek (Parabible). The subject of the analysis is the way of Czech and Polish authors express themselves when writing on the themes of God (holiness/sacrum), faith, believers, priests, and the Church.
More...
