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Руски и српскохрватски језик налазе се на територијама које немају непосредног додира, немају гранична подручја. Логично je онда да они немају директив контакте и да због тога не можемо говорити о појавама двојезичког ареала, као што je случај са мађарским и српскохрватским, који непосредно у пограничном дијелу утичу jeдан на другог. Али ако нема тих дотицаја у просторноме смислу, не значи да их нема на неком другом плану.
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The author's aim was to find out the extent to which lexemes of oriental origin are present in the novel »Derviš i smrt« (»Death and the Dervish«) by Mesha Selimovitch i.e. characteristic of its style. Turkish loanwords make up about 2% of the novel’s lexical stock. It is these words that create the oriental atmosphere, permeating the action of the novel with the scent of the age in which it takes place. By means of Turkish loanwords, Mesha Selimovitch, that great master of style, takes the reader back into the past. These words trigger off religious, ethical, and philosophical associations.
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Ako pođemo od rečenice kao osnovne komunikativne jedinice, koja je međuljudsko sporazumevanje i učinila jezikom i na taj način omogućila razvitak čovečije svesti, uočićemo da će se ona ispoljiti, možemo li reći, u tri svoja osovna oblika: inteligibilnom (intelektualna strana svesti), b) volitivnom (aktivna, ili recimo preciznije, najaktivnija njena komponenta) i c) emotivnom (u čistijem obliku senzibilna strana njena). Ako tako pojave posmatramo, shvatimo i to: da se sve tri komponente svesti, adekvatno tome i rečenice (odnosno čitavog jezika kao sistema), međusobno prožimaju: nikad misao u sasvim čistom intelektualnom obliku (postojaće uvek, bar u minimumu, i doza emocije), nikad volitivno bez misli i emocije, i, najzad, svaka emocija imaće i svoje intelektualne impulse.
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Ako želimo da potražimo i što je moguće adekvatnije da prikažemo izražajne efekte jedne lirske pesme, moramo imati izgrađene kriterije lingvističke analize; potrebno nam je poslužiti se osnovnim principima savremene strukturalne lingvistike, dalje od suhog deskriptivnog tipa a bliže do funkcionalne lingvistike u pravom smislu. Može, kao što se to često čini, predmet analize biti samo jedan „sloj” izražajnih efekata: značenjski efekti, bez formalnih ili sa malim zahvatom u formalne elemente, ili obrnuto formalni elementi sa manjim ili većim osloncem na semantičku stranu izraza; može posebno biti zahvaćen i izdvojen zvučni sloj, koji se opet može raščlanjivati na: a) ulogu čisto fonetskih (odnosno fonoloških) elemenata, b) ulogu akcenatskofonetsikih jedinica, c) dejstvovanje rečenične intonacije, — i, d) najzad, predočava nam se u posebnom aspektu rečenična struktura (u posebnom vidu kompleksnije može biti zahvaćena sintaksička i intonaciona struktura u međuodnosima njihovih izražajnih efekata).
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In more than two decades the Albanian language is faced with some rapid changes, which areas a result from outside linguistics factors, and affect directly in the way of perception of Albania language from the Albanians speakers. One of the groups persons that are likely to transmit more fast to the reader, with faster frequency in Albania language are journalists,especially journalists online media. This comes as a result of some factors.Firstly, online newspaper are dominant in the trade and convincinglymany in numbers.Second, it seemed that most of the Albanians speakers dispose more than one connection way with online newspapers, are more achievable by the Albanians speakers and more often readable by them, as a result they have a great influence.Third, taking informations through online newspapers is more feasiblein record time from the time that occurrence the event, and the way of distribution in a very little time reaches a number sufficiently high readers.Fourth, the access at online media information is possible every moment of the day where the only condition to be completed is to have internet connection.One of the issues that I have noticed and it is seemed to me interesting to be study recently is that, semantics that conduct through the way of construction of the information tittle, in online newspaper, there is no connections at all with semantics or the events that described or elaborated in the text of the informations.Taking into considerations all the reasons of the list above, which they bring us in the conclusions that online mediaand the way or accuracy of conductions of the informations affect directly and have a great affections to the Albanians speakers, so even this form of tittle constructions affect powerful to the readers.During the studies is noticed that this trend to decide a “bombastic” tittle without much connections with the informations has taken a wide extensionin all online newspaper. For this reasonthe evolving of this phenomenon , listing the reasons, the factors which brings this phenomenon and it’s consequencesat the readers, has led in the interesting conclusions
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What is going on when the metaphor which leads to the notion of transfer, and which can cause problems during its translation, is transferred from text to screen? In this article we shall dwell on the question of the film adaptation of the metaphor by focusing on the case of Anna Karénine's death metaphorically presented in Tolstoy's novel. [This article resumes the conclusions resulting from the analysis of several films within the framework of the Master's degree research thesis.] Also to illustrate our reflection, we shall concentrate on the analysis of a sequence of the film based on Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina, by Bernard Rose, staging Anna Karénine's death.
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The paper describes the syntactic behaviour of the words volja, čas and mjesto, which are primarily nouns, but sometimes in grammatical literature they are attributed to conjunctions, at least in some constructions. It has been proven that these words are never conjunctions. The word volja is always a noun, as well as the word čas. In the constructions in which these words in literature are attributed to conjunctions, other words of similar meaning may be used, for example, želja (instead of volja) or minuta, sekunda (instead of čas), which additionally confirms that in these constructions the words volja and čas are nouns. The word mjesto is never a conjunction, but it can be a preposition. As a preposition, it is synonymous with words umjesto and namjesto, while the noun mjesto does not have these synonyms.
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The article considers the interpretation of the term „post-truth“ in Russian Internet sources. The prerequisites are outlined for the appearance of this phenomenon, the terms connected with it, the environment, inside which it exists, the correspondence between the contents in the titles or the contents of the term „post-truth“ of the listed facts and their interpretation.Some questions are also considered, referring to the techniques of manipulation. It has been shown that it is not the lack of information, but rather „the per-saturation" with information could lead to formation of „unrealistic“ and in its context even „untrue“ reading of a given specific phenomenon.
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Corruption is a persistent social problem of modern times, hence it continues to be in the limelight for society at large, the nation state, the international organizations and commits them to making efforts to resolve all corruption-related issues. In a number of articles it has been highlighted that as a result of its the global dimensions, corruption has increasingly make been perceived as one of the serious threats in the contemporary world.This paper analyzes the corruption-based conceptual metaphors in media and political discourse. The journalistic texts transmit the anti-corruption measures that political par¬ties suggest or that state-run bodies take, while imposing a mode of interpretation of the phenomenon by society.The metaphorical models analyzed under four headings – anthropomorphic, sociomor¬phic, nature-morphic and artefact metaphors – expose the universal and culture-specific character of the interpretation of corruption in the Bulgarian national mind. It is highly relevant that these models should be revealed, given that "they can all influence public opinion and shape public attitudes to the important events and individuals in the contem¬porary life in Bulgaria" (Tsoneva, 2012). The specific cases analyzed in the paper expose the tools through society is impacted emotionally and rationally in the era of post-truth. These tools are based on the "text and talk" about the fight against corruption, which largely has replaced the effective counteraction of corruption.
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The article presents research work on the similarities and differences of Bulgarian and German economic journalistic texts. It starts by analysing textlinguistic models to determine the kind, type, and genre of the text and focuses on those which are defined by the function of the text and the way the topic is developed. At the same time the problem of "specialized text" and its percentage has been solved. The constituent elements of "specializedness" are revealed in detail: terminology, non-terminology specialized vocabulary, and various lexico-semantic features. Depending on the topic development the texts are grouped into descriptive, descriptive with explicative elements, argumentative and argumentative-explicative, which are comparable according to a textlinguistic model in both languages.
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The proposed method for analyzing discourse through corpus linguistics uses quantitative means primarily to draw the attention to recurrent phenomena of statistical significance. Theconclusions lead to linguistic facts analyzed by qualitative methods. According to the study, the language and style of the two leading Volgin and Koritarov are different.
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The article offers analysis of 100 press releases, chosen according to the method of maximum variation (heterogeneous sampling), described by M. Patton. The research is referring to the work of J. Nilsen, who outlines three key characteristics of texts in the new media –compactness, segmentation and hypertextuality, and examines whether the same characteristics can be observed in the chosen type of copywriting texts, created for the needs of IMC – the press releases. The research shows that the three tendencies, described by J. Nilsen are all present in copywriting texts as well.
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The publication introduces the citizen journalism model implemented by South Koreannews website OhMyNews (http://www.ohmynews.com), created in 2000, considered tobe a pioneer in journalism with the participation of non-professional journalists. Thepublication explores the new features of journalists, editors, audience, media messag), и уеблоговете. Катоe andjournalism according), и уеблоговете. Като to OhMyNews. The journalistic model of OhMyNews is analyzedaccording), и уеблоговете. Като to the characteristics of the new dig), и уеблоговете. Катоital media. The publication traced thedevelopment of the media in the social, economic and technolog), и уеблоговете. Катоical context of SouthKorea from the late 1990s to the early 21st century.
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This paper presents arguments substantiating the need to undertake systematic research on the syntax of the official Polish language of the partition and post-partition periods. The absence of such research, the practice of formulating evaluations based on random examples, and referring to predecessors’ opinions results in the establishment of negative judgements about the level of official Polish in the period of rebirth of Poland. The sources of such opinions can be found in the debate occurring in “Poradnik Językowy” (“The Linguistic Guide”), “Język Polski” (“The Polish Language”), and other interwar publications on Polish usage. The popular stereotypical judgements about the impact of German on the syntax of official documents require verification also in light of research on the official and legal variant of Polish of the pre-partition period so that it is possible to determine which properties constitute the Old Polish heritage and which are the legacy of the partition period.
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This study investigates the use of metaphorical language in the second single by 25ji Nightcord de, focusing on the identification and analysis of different metaphor types and their expressions. Through qualitative descriptive analysis employing listening and recording techniques, combined with a referential pairing method, the study reveals three distinct categories of metaphors. The findings demonstrate a predominant use of abstracting metaphors (18 instances), followed by anthropomorphic metaphors (3 instances), and synesthetic metaphors (1 instance). Analysis of these 22 metaphorical expressions reveals diverse semantic interpretations that contribute to the song’s artistic and emotional depth. The prevalence of abstracting metaphors suggests a tendency toward conceptual abstraction in contemporary songwriting. Future research could explore the evolution of metaphorical patterns across multiple singles or compare metaphorical usage across different musical genres within similar linguistic contexts.
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Phraseology, often considered a supplementary discipline in the past, now occupies a central place in many fields as an object of interdisciplinary research for cross-cultural and cross-linguistic studies in general and cognitive linguistics, pedagogy, translation, corpus and computational linguistics, lexicography, and psychology. Two databases in Latvian and English are used to extract phraseological units (PUs) with the keyword “head”. The article aims to identify, compare and contrast metaphorical and metonymic Latvian and English phraseological units, discussing the similarities and differences in meanings of the base form of a phraseological unit (PU) and its use in every analysed case. Since metaphor and metonymy are central thought patterns in cognitive linguistics, testing their function in PUs is crucial. Metaphorical and metonymic Latvian PUs and their English counterparts are examined in the cognitive linguistic framework, analysing conceptual metaphors and conceptual metonymies. Corresponding pairs of PUs are studied as one set to establish if they will function similarly. It can be concluded that pairs of PUs in both languages have the same structure, convey equivalent meanings and even have the same type of conceptual metonymy: a part stands for the whole, for instance, divas galvas (ir) gudrākas nekā viena (two heads (are) smarter than one) and its English counterpart: “two heads are better than one”.
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The concept of citizenship (civic sense) has not yet fully crystallised, which is why different aspects are emphasised in academic literature and public discourse. Attempts are made to compare and associate it with other concepts, such as nationality or patriotism, which are often used synonymously in various contexts. From a linguistic perspective, the concept of citizenship has not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, the aim of this article is to explore the concept of citizenship in Lithuanian dictionaries, public media texts, and the responses of young people to the question: What does citizenship mean to you? The concept of citizenship is closely related to another concept—namely, the state—where legal, cultural, social, and political elements are interconnected. The state provides its citizens with rights and duties, and a citizen must be able to use and defend the rights and freedoms granted, as well as actively participate in public life with the ultimate goal of contributing to the well-being of Lithuania. Students emphasise that the concept is complex and involves not only an individual’s relationship with the state but also relationships between people. However, both in youth responses and in public discourse, the key aspect is that citizenship is seen as a value, the components of which are reflected in its cognitive definition. Despite the introductory thoughts stating that citizenship and patriotism are not identical, for young people these concepts are intertwined and share many common aspects. In public discourse, there is a strong emphasis on the importance of nurturance of citizenship, which requires continuous effort. As a result, various initiatives, competitions, lessons, and programs are offered. The research concludes that the cognitive definition of citizenship embraces respect for the state, its language, symbols, history, culture, and traditions, as well as for other citizens and differing opinions; a duty to the state (defence, involvement in public life, voting, paying taxes, restraining misbehaviour); working for the state; love for the country; and self-sacrifice for it. Typically, the meaning of a word is looked up in dictionaries regarded as the most reliable lexicographical sources. The study shows that there is a need to expand dictionary definitions or elaborate on this concept in the upcoming “Dictionary of Standard Lithuanian”, so that society can recognize the broader content of the concept of citizenship. It is agreed that citizenship is a cultivated value, and its content heavily depends on who is involved in the educational process. Therefore, it is essential for linguists and language institutions to engage in the citizenship development program so that young people can see that citizenship is not just about defence; it also includes language, as well as cultural and ethnic aspects.
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The research aim of this paper is to compare and to analyze word formation properties of place nouns (hereinafter – NL) extracted from the Lithuanian novel “Miškais ateina ruduo” by M. Katiliškis, and their respective equivalents found in the English translation of the book. Although this noun category is productive and often used in everyday discourse, little research has been done to define the word formation properties of NL in Lithuanian and English languages with a special focus on a base word and its derivational capacities. Both Lithuanian and English languages have productive word formation processes such as suffixation, prefixation and compounding, although they vary significantly. The aim of this study is to find out similarities and differences in word formation processes between these two target languages and to compare word formation patterns of NL extracted from the Lithuanian text and their equivalents found in the English translation of the novel.
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The article is dedicated to Lenin’s language. The interpretation of the language of Lenin by representatives of the Russian formal school is examined. The material of the article is the publications of the six best representatives of this school in 1924. The article raises the question of whether Lenin’s language is really close to the language of the Russian avant-garde, as the authors of the publications insist. Today, this question remains relevant in the light of the theory of two cultures within the Soviet one – revolutionary and protective – as well as in the light of the rapprochement of formalists with post-Marxist criticism. The provisions of the formalists are considered in the article from the perspective of rhetorical discourse analysis. Four theses about Lenin’s language put forward by the formalists are consistently questioned. The idea of the special clarity of Lenin’s language, which Soviet linguistics insisted on, is also challenged.
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While e-books and audiobooks have gained popularity, traditional print books continue to hold significance in both physical and online bookstores, contributing to a rich reading landscape. The globalization of cultural industries, including the book sector, is a dynamic process shaped by contemporary economic mechanisms and global exchange. In this context, the evolution of book cover design is closely tied to advancements in digital technology and shifts in consumer behaviour. Digital tools such as Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator have revolutionized the aesthetics of book covers, leading to the proliferation of certain design styles. This study explores how global graphic design trends influence the aesthetics of book covers in Romania. The research corpus comprises fiction book covers published in January 2025, selected from four prominent online bookstores in Romania. The analysis seeks to identify visual trends using a defined set of categories, with an emphasis on how international design trends have been integrated into the Romanian publishing industry. Selected covers were systematically coded and evaluated by two independent coders to ensure consistency. Trends that exhibited the highest frequency scores were retained for further analysis and discussion.
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