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SEMANTIC CLASSIFICATION OF METAPHORS IN UKRAINIAN AND ENGLISH INSCRIPTIONS ON CLOTHING

Author(s): Natalia Striuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The present research is an attempt to analyse metaphors in English and Ukrainian clothing inscriptions in a comparative aspect. The study focuses on providing a sufficient semantic classification of this versatile figure of speech in the discourse that has never been analysed in terms of metaphors. It deals with English and Ukrainian metaphorical inscriptions on clothing harvested on the Internet over a two year period (2017-2019). The paper shows that metaphorisation is unevenly typical of English and Ukrainian linguocultural environments. The peculiarities of the source from which the units under analysis were collected allows us to identify seven main vehicle-driven categories of metaphors employed in clothing inscriptions: anthropic, zoomorphic, botanomorphic, creaturemorphic, artefactomorphic, ecomorphic and sensory. The research proves that both English and Ukrainian metaphorical clothing inscriptions have their peculiar sources; moreover, even if metaphors are built on the same or similar images, the focus is usually quite different. This study argues that metaphors on clothing inscriptions can serve as an applicable source to study social priorities, values and tendencies of two different European linguocultural environments. The outcome of the research can be used as an interesting material for sociolinguistics and linguocultural studies.

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ЗА ОБРАЗНИТЕ СРАВНЕНИЯ С ТERTIUM COMPARATIONIS КРАСИВ /ХУБАВ (ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ ВЪРХУ БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК)

Author(s): Mariyana Kartalova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The current article’s object of study are similes containing the beautiful/pretty tertium comparationis in their structure. Comparisons known to linguistics as sustainable rather than figurative seem to be the easiest way to understand the contemporary environment and new cultural idioms. Such constructions reveal individuals’ associative thinking, which suggests that the comparisons can be viewed as both language facts and speech facts. The article introduces the lexico-grammatical characteristics of the components under scrutiny, framed by comparative constructions. The goal is to analyze their connotative quality, anthropocentric intentionality, and so on. Bulgarians have a rich associative thinking process that is evident from their use of similes or realia that take up the role of tertium comparationis. This type of thinking is subjected to the development of language, as well as society (introducing of new technologies, realia, appearance of new actors, popular among the contemporary generation, etc.). The research explores one of the main qualities of similes – their idiomatic nature, the possibility of reconsidering the elements that similes consist of. This quality becomes progressively unstable since it comprises the components to which the quality of beautiful/pretty is assigned – i.e. tears, Aphrodite, roses, princesses, the sun, paintings, etc. At the same time, there are many similes that use an illogical image in the role of a comparatum – i.e. worms, goblins, Quasimodo, etc. The current research will show that people focus both on the bad and imperfect qualities of those around them, and also on what is beautiful in their surroundings.

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ZASTOSOWANIE ODPOWIEDNIKÓW SŁOWNYCH KONIUNKCJI, ALTERNATYW I DYSJUNKCJI W PRAWIE KARNYM MATERIALNYM. CZY DYREKTYWA JĘZYKA POWSZECHNEGO POZWALA NA ODSTĄPIENIE OD ICH ZNACZENIA PRZYJĘTEGO W LOGICE PRAWNICZEJ?

Author(s): Tomasz Tyburcy,Weronika Węgorzewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

The purpose of this article is to prove that the lawmaker does not necessarily consciously, and therefore also inconsistently in the process of lawmaking, use conjunctions in their meaning accepted by legal logic. The article analyzes the legal rules in which correctly, as well as incorrectly, the legislator used conjunctions of alternatives, disjunctions and conjunction in the Criminal Code. A formal-dogmatic method was used, as well as an analytical method to demonstrate the thesis put forward, which is that it is sometimes necessary to refer to the directive of the common language in order not to derive absurd norms from the provisions in the process of their interpretation. The considerations referred to the rules in force in this regard expressed in the “Principles of Legislative Techniques”, as well as to the jurisprudence of the courts in cases of legal rules whose interpretation is controversial or disputed in the doctrine and judicature. The conclusions of the study confi rm the thesis. Thus, it is sometimes necessary to prioritize the directive of the common language over the directive of understanding the verbal equivalents of truth functors according to their understanding on the basis of logic.

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РИТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ВОПРОС КАК ФИГУРА РЕЧИ В ПОЭЗИИ ФЕОФАНА ПРОКОПОВИЧА

Author(s): Alexander Aleksandrovich Lebedev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2024

The article examines the role of rhetorical questions in the poetic works of Feofan Prokopovich. Thestudy is based on the analysis of various poetic works of Feofan Prokopovich, with “Epinikion” being the most significant one. The relevance of the work is explained by the insufficient study of rhetorical question as a fi gure of speech in the context of poetic syntax and diachronic rhetoric. The paper offers a brief excursion into the history of studying the personality of Feofan Prokopovich and highlights the important connection between the author’s rhetorical and poetic views, with a particular focus on the specifics of interrogative constructions in the context of poetic creativity comparedwith questions used in everyday speech. The article contains statistical data related to the use of rhetorical questions by eighteenth-century poets and analyzes the functionality of rhetorical questions in the poetic works of Feofan Prokopovich, their role in creating the emotional expressiveness of texts, and the specifics of their use both in the text of “Epinikion” and other lesser-known poems. The study resulted in identifying general trends in using rhetorical questions in poetic works by Feofan Prokopovich, as well as defining and clarifying potential influence on the subsequent poetic and rhetorical works of later authors.

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The Stylistic Features Of "Winged Phrases" In The Works Of Walter Scott

Author(s): Gunay Khalid Afandiyeva / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2024

The study of "winged expressions" enables the interdisciplinary integration of linguistics with anthropology, cultural history, sociology, psychology, philosophy, and other fields. In this context, it is essential to note that the research has an ethnolinguistic character. In light of the above, we examine the etymology of "winged phrases" by analysing the language used in the works of Walter Scott, a renowned English writer of Scottish origin who is regarded as the "founder of the historical novel genre" at the beginning of the XIX century. "Winged expressions" that have withstood the test of time and have been handed down from generation to generation as the most valuable heirlooms have retained their communicative and expressive richness. The study of "winged expressions" in languages with different systems is of interest in creating a correct and complete picture of the development of the language and its lexical-semantic system. The significance of translation is on the rise, parallel to the growing prevalence of foreign language study. The most challenging aspect of translation is the phraseological language. Winged expressions occupy a distinctive position among language units in translation. This is based on the fact that winged expressions are directly related to the ethnopsychology of each nation and serve as a benchmark.

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LINGVOSTILISTIČKI POSTUPCI U PORTRETIRANJU LIKOVA ROMANA “PROKLETA AVLIJA” IVE ANDRIĆA

Author(s): Sanja Merzić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2024

The novel "The Damned Yard" depicts life in the Constantinople prison of the same name. Yard is not just any kind of prison, but a space where the writer shows the psychological characterization of the characters: Karađoz, Haim, Ćamil, friar Peter, Zaim and other, secondary characters. We see it as a place of complete alienation from the outside world, in which each prisoner is placed in a precisely defined space and confronted with thoughts about life and being in the yard, which is sometimes interrupted by another character. On one such fabric, Andrić portrays psychological processes of prisoners, especially their way of thinking and reasoning, and their emotional states. The research concluded that when portraying characters, Andrić uses the values of spoken language, stylistic figures such as antithesis, cumulation, epithet, hyperbole and synatresm, and at the level of syntax, parenthetical expressions, and universal statements. It was noticed that Andrić also uses the mentioned figures during the depiction of conditions in the Yard, which inevitably affect the fate of the prisoners.

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Явлението „псевдонимност“ в българската литература за деца

Author(s): Tanya Kazandzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The subject of pseudonyms is a special phenomenon, which unfortunately remains to this day aside from research interests, especially in Bulgarian literature for children and adolescents. The article briefly examines the appearance of this phenomenon in literature in general, indicates the reasons for choosing a pseudonym, as well as the types of pseudonyms chosen by not only Bulgarian but also foreign artists.

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Filologie – věc veřejná

Author(s): Kamila Mrázková,Jiří Homoláč / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

Alexandr Stich theoretically contributed to the definition of the journalistic style in the system of functional styles, understanding it as a style primarily determined by the persuasive function. After 1989, he himself became a prominent publicist who tried to influence public opinion on matters of cultural and political importance in his texts published especially in Literární noviny, Lidové noviny and Přítomnost. In our analysis, we approach Stich’s journalism from the perspective of Hausenblas’s functional stylistics as a text complex, i.e. as a whole, which – as we show – is unified in function, style and meaning and is internally interconnected on the linguistic, thematic and compositional levels.

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Transformations of Words and Their Impact on the Dialogue of Reality and its Criticism, Abdul Razzaq Al-Amiri as An Example

Author(s): Zaman Mohamed Wans,Sabah Abbas Anooz / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

The transformations of words help reveal the role of dialogue in the semantic structure of literary texts. It is a language that sometimes glows with metaphor, and its meaning is amplified through deviation, intensification, and ambiguity at other times. It breaks the selfreferential mode of discourse into a dialogue composed of two or more parties in the poetic text. This leads to the transformation of the text from its self-purpose to a purpose that involves addressing the surrounding reality of the writer in a displaced poetic language. This gives his discourse a multiple semantic interpretation in the mysterious meanings characterized by a dramatic nature. This is not limited to major events, as every incident from our daily lives, even if it is partial, and every glance and every word, is a dramatic structure regardless of its size. So, how does the poet use that incident?! By doing so, he naturally differs from ordinary people, as he incorporates it into his poetic language and engages in a dialogue with his reality in forms that attract the attention of the recipients.

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Shakespear’s Employment of Malapropism in “Much ado about Nothing” and The Merchant of Venice”

Author(s): Marzooqa T. Raheel,Zahraa Ammar Abd / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2024

Malapropism, according to the Encyclopedia Britannica, is a linguistic mistake occurs when one term is replaced with another that sounds similar but has a different meaning. The current article aims to find out how malapropism is used in Shakespear’s “Much ado about Nothing “and “The Merchant of Venice “and to investigate the most common type of malapropism used in these two plays .The article mainly draws on Fay and Cutler’s(1977) division of malapropism to analyze the selected data. The study concludes that malapropism is used by the plays’ characters basically to create a sense of humor by using a word or a phrase that is different from what they intended to say. It was also found that classical malapropism is the most common used type in both selected plays.

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СТРУКТУРА И РИТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ФУНКЦИИ СУБСТАНТИВНЫХ СОЧЕТАНИЙ С ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНЫМ ПОДЧИНЕНИЕМ В ОРАТОРСКОЙ ПРОЗЕ ФЕОФАНА ПРОКОПОВИЧА

Author(s): Anfisa Vladimirovna Rozhkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2024

The relevance of this study arises from the limited exploration of the syntactic structure in the works of Feophan Prokopovich. The focus of this research is on 318 substantive combinations drawn from five of the author's oratorical pieces. The objective is to analyze the structure of these combinations, provide a lexico-semantic characterization of their components, and identify their rhetorical functions. The research employs various methods, including survey analysis, classification, and stylistic analysis. The findings reveal that constructions featuring definitions paired with either dependent or main nouns are the most prevalent. In the majority of cases, a direct order of main and dependent nouns is observed. Definitions that accompany dependent nouns appear in both pre-position and post-position roughly equally, whereas those associated with main nouns predominantly occupy the pre-position. While the analysis identifies core models responsible for a significant number of constructions, there remains a substantial variety of patterns with flexible arrangements and differing numbers of components. The ways in which nouns and adjective definitions are expressed, along with their structural organization, suggest that these combinations serve as valuable rhetorical resources. Techniques such as inversion, chiasmus, metaphor, synonymous series, amplification, and repetition align with the text’s content and contribute to the oratorical objectives, such as honoring the monarch, his heirs, the state, and its warriors and victories. Furthermore, the figurative nature of many combinations is linked to the Church Slavonic tradition. The results of this study are significant for future investigations into substantive combinations within the history of the Russian literary language and for the exploration of the stylistic uniqueness of Feofan Prokopovich’s works.

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Interpretation of the Verbal Similarities According to Sheikh Al-Shaarawi He Died in 1998 AD in His Interpretation of Al-Khawatir from Verses (58- 59) of Surat Al-Baqarah- Graphic Study

Author(s): Hoda Hamad Naeema Ashour,Issa Ahmed Mahal Al-Falahi / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

It is necessary for every researcher before delving into the heart of a topicHAnd its details fromSummary In it he explains the approach he followed in arranging his issues.Therefore, it was necessary to classify and divide the issues either according to their occurrence in the Qur’an, or according to their classification according to the type of verbal analogy to which they belong. It is no secret that each approach has its drawbacks and advantages. And the terminology, and therefore I will strive to follow a unified curriculum unless I notice that, or I find benefit from diversifying the curricula, and all of that I will discuss.matter. Issues of verbal similarities in Surat Al-Baqarah (the story of the Children of Israel).

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Assessing the Efficacy of Project-Based Learning in Higher Vocational English Courses for Developing Practical Communication Skills

Author(s): Yiyin Zhang,Boli Li / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

This research looks into how well Project-Based Learning (PBL) helps Chinese higher vocational college students to learn and communicate in real life. The main research question looks into how PBL, which includes incorporating the real world, learner-centered approaches, working with Chinese higher vocational college students from different fields, real-world assessment, and ongoing reflection, affects students' oral communication, writing, critical thinking as well as intercultural communication abilities. Systematic literature review was done, looking at English-language peer-reviewed papers from databases like PubMed, ERIC, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO to find out what effects PBL has on practical communication skills. The review included parts of PBL, such as, speaking and writing, critical thinking, active listening, and intercultural communication. It led to a comprehensive understanding of the way it affects English education at the higher vocaitonal education level. The synthesized literature highlights the transformative influence of PBL on practical communication skills, emphasizing its role in fostering learner engagement, critical thinking, and adaptability in cross-cultural contexts. Oral communication, written expression, and interdisciplinary collaboration emerged as key domains positively influenced by PBL in the Chinese higher vocational education landscape.Teachers are advised to make using PBL methods a priority if they want to help Chinese higher vocational college students improve their speaking skills. This means creating a dynamic and collaborative learning space, encouraging collaboration across disciplines, and using real evaluations that are in line with learner-centered principles. The study shows how PBL can be used in the real world to help Chinese higher vocational college students improve their communication, critical thinking, and ability to work with people from other cultures. The results support the use of PBL along with successful professional development programs to adapt to the changing needs of the globalized professional world.

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The Use of Trigger Words in the Modern Political Post-Soviet Discourse of the Russian-Speaking and English-Speaking Press (Using the Example of Publications Kommersant, Izvestia, the Guardian, the Independent, the New York Times and the Washington Po

Author(s): Martynenko Elena Victorovna,Popova Elena Olegovna,Malakhovskiy Aleksey Kimovich,Ivanova Alina Alekseevna,Melnichenko Angelina Andreevna / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

In the article, the authors dwell on trigger words as special words (usually used by journalists intentionally) that evoke a certain associative chain and evaluation of the object in the reader's mind. In the theoretical part of the study, they consider different interpretations and definitions of this phenomenon by other researchers. In the practical part of the study, the authors analyzed 800 articles from Russian (Kommersant and Izvestia), British (The Guardian and The Independent) and American (The New York Times and The Washington Post) articles, where the authors of the articles use trigger words when covering modern political post-Soviet discourse. The authors analyze the trigger words used, identifying triggers-characters, trigger-symbols and trigger-significant phenomena. As results of the study, the authors of the article provide graphs that clearly show the ratio of certain trigger words in the media of different countries.The study was carried out within the framework of the initiative research work of the Theory and History of Journalism Department of the philological faculty of the RUDN University № 050737-2-000 “Research of media systems and the media industry in Russia and the world: a scientific and educational component”.

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LES MOTS-VALISES – AMBIGUÏTÉ OU QUASI-AMBIGUÏTÉ ?

Author(s): Angela BÎTLAN (IFRIM) / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

First introduced with the help of the English writer Lewis Carroll in 1871, portmanteau words are a topical notion that seems to pose problems of comprehension. Portmanteau words are not the same as the acronym, a compound word and a word derived by truncation. Portmanteau words are based on a morphological process, resulting in semantic effects. In linguistics, we can also speak of haplology, a phonetic modification, in which phones or groups of phones that are identical or similar are deleted. The proposed study considers the degree of imprecision of the economic portmanteau words. In this case study, a series of portmanteau words from the economic field are analyzed. 20 students were interviewed, including 10 faculty students with an economic profile, 10 students in philology. The questionnaire included closed-ended questions with multiple response options, different contexts that helped or made it difficult to understand and choose an appropriate meaning. The subjects' responses were compared to emphasize the importance of getting closer to the meaning in case of misunderstanding of the terms, but also the degree of ambiguity of portmanteau words for both a specialized and a non-specialized target audience. Although we tend to consider that in the case of slips of the tongue and in the case of portmanteau words, there is ambiguity of meaning, the approximation is given by the contiguous existence of two radically different and ambivalent categories. So, we can talk about a quasi-ambiguity? In order to confirm or disprove the hypothesis, we will see the responses of the participants to the case study and their analysis.

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CURRENT INFLOWS IN SPEECH SCIENCES AND DIRECTIONS/DISCIPLINES THAT DESERVE SPECIFIC CARE IN STUDYING ALBANIAN

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CURRENT INFLOWS IN SPEECH SCIENCES AND DIRECTIONS/DISCIPLINES THAT DESERVE SPECIFIC CARE IN STUDYING ALBANIAN

Author(s): Tomorr Plangarica / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2023

In the context of efforts to find the proper motivation or explanations for a certain kind of apathy in the Albanian language of thought in completing different areas of lingustics with subdisciplines and with trends in contemporary reviews that study the aspect of the language use, given a certain lack of attention to such entities, as the discourse and/or text and opinions (that in the current stage have “ occupied” significant areas in the European and transatlantic language of thought) one is obliged to exempt as impact factor the lack of pressure that social development exerts or should exert on the language of thought, urging it to be focused also on this problematics, which is very relevant to every day speaking practices.

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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) INTEGRATION IN EFL ORAL COMMUNICATION CONTEXT: ENGLISH MAJOR SOPHOMORES PERSPECTIVES ON ENGLISH-SPEAKING

Author(s): Abdelmadjid Benraghda / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

In today’s globalized educational environment, information and communication technologies (ICT) has become a fundamental prerequisite and integral part of education. In the 21stcentury learning environment, digital literacy, or ICT, becomes another ability that students need to learn in addition to language and numeracy. ICT has significantly influenced English language education and learning as we enter a new millennium. Speaking is a fundamental language acquisition ability, thus for students to achieve their goals, they need a classroom that is well-equipped. Moreover, education is changing in response to the digital era. The most significant educational problems caused by the epidemic, such as the lockdown, have been addressed by teachers all throughout the world. Hence, this study tries to ascertain how sophomores feel about using digital devices during oral presentation performances. For 139 sophomores of the English Language, a questionnaire was adopted and distributed for the study to the sophomores who were registered for English for Oral Communication course for semester 2, session 2022/2023. SPSS was employed to analyze the quantitative data, and to calculate the descriptive statistics of the current study. The main results revealed that sophomores' attitudes regarding the use of ICT during oral performances were overwhelmingly favorable.

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Niesamoistne dawne nomenklatory gramatyczne

Author(s): Wanda Decyk-Zięba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The first known grammatical nomenclator was a glossary of grammatical terms compiled by Bartłomiej of Bydgoszcz in 1544. Collections of grammatical terms were appended to Polish language grammars (Dobracki 1699, Szumski 1809, Morzycki 1857), translations of Gottsched’s grammar (1766 and subsequent editions), French grammars (1784, 1797, 1816), and one was published in the “Monitor” (1780). Since the 16th century, their macrostructure has evolved: the conceptual arrangement (based on grammar sections) was replaced by an alphabetical-conceptual arrangement, and later by an alphabetical arrangement. The alphabetical arrangement enhances the functionality of texts and facilitates access to information. Szumski’s glossary exhibits a mixed nomenclatorial-index character. Only in the 19th century did the Polish language become the source language. Latin terminology is present in all glossaries, albeit to a limited extent in Morzycki’s glossary. Morzycki’s glossary is a monolingual glossary in which the author juxtaposes terms he created or used with terms in contemporary use. Cross-referenced entries only appeared in Gottsched’s glosssary (1766).

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O produktywności słowotwórczej w nowej czeskiej gramatyce (na tle teorii Miloša Dokulila)

Author(s): Krystyna Waszakowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The paper focuses on word-formative productivity in a new Czech grammar, particular in the two volumes work Velká akademická gramatika spisovné češtiny. I. Morfologie. Druhy slov, tvoření slov, published in 2018. The authors of the book – František Štícha and the group of linguists ruled by him – prepared the new description of word-formative morphology having in mind the famous original Dokulil’s conception of word-formative productivity, presented in 1962 year in his authors monography Tvoření slov v češtině. Teorie odvozování slov. The analysis is carried within a theoretical framework of word-formative productivity in this two main works.

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TRADUCTION EN ROUMAIN DES NÉOLOGISMES STYLISTIQUES ET DES OCCASIONNALISMES DE L’ŒUVRE D’EUGÈNE IONESCO

Author(s): Elena GRAUR / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

By his bilingualism, belonging and contradiction to two identity spaces, Ionesco gave birth to individual creations, composing a spectral kaleidoscope of plurinomy and revealing the largely incongruous artistic personality. Far from being chaotic, the Ionescian authorial strategy imposes its coherence and its significant potential for success by intelligently surviving models and the passage of time. As an expression, pragmatically denying not only the established models, but even their essential order, the Ionesian dramaturgy initially proposes an anti-theatricality which seems/claims itself, in fact, fixed in the horizon of the non-theatricality. Eugène Ionesco’s work illustrates a poetics of the fragmentary and intermittency as a system, culminating in an aesthetic of precariousness (and semantics) pursued as it becomes converted into a single form of life. apparently paradoxical: syncopated persistence, continuous return, revalorization, resemantization, recuperation. It includes everything: homoioteleuts, counterpètries, approximate homonymy. Writing like Ionesco means playing, inventing, creating, making full use of the freedom that confers the imagination, the literary image. He loves words and he baptizes them.

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