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Kontúry štýlu a štylistiky od Jozefa Mistríka po digitálnu éru

Author(s): Oľga Orgoňová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

The aim of the study is to follow the metamorphoses of the notion of style (above all) in Slovak stylistics within the last about 30 years. From the initial recapitulation of the traditional ideas of structural linguistics as a science aimed at non-contextual linguistic models of the manners of shaping the texts, the perspective of viewing style is being shifted to viewing it as a socially conditioned speech lingual activity. The culmination is represented by the profiling of style as a construction of a contextually conditioned cultural reflection of text in context. The current communicatively conditioned concepts of style anchored in discourse reality reflect the updated needs of people of the digital era. A non-negligible prerequisite for effectively grasping style (especially in interaction) is the competence of the acting people to interact optimally and in an assimilation-accommodation manner with the surrounding world in the name of harmony, understanding and inclusive behaviour.

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Коммуникативная культура в Интернете и медийная лингвоэкология

Author(s): Natalia Klushina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

The development of digital technologies impacted Internet-communication, which has become the dominant type of communication and a new form of language use. The Internet today is the most influential sphere of social communication, and it has a strong influence on the transformation of traditional norms and rules of speech behavior - both public and interpersonal. The digitalization of language and the digitalization of culture has posed a number of new problems for society: from the destruction of traditional and the emergence of a new literacy in Internet communication to the formation of a new type of culture - media culture, with certain communicative dominants that distinguish it from traditional culture. The media and digital turns in modern linguistics have served as triggers for the awareness of the new linguistic reality being formed in the Internet environment as an increasingly significant part of modern media space. Therefore, it is necessary to create within the framework of the new scientific direction of linguoecology an independent field, which we have conventionally designated as media linguoecology. We think of media linguoecology as a theoretical and applied discipline, in the scientific field of which not only riskogenic zones of Internet communication will be identified, but also ways of overcoming them will be worked out.

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Neumělecké komunikační akty v uměleckém stylu

Author(s): Petr Mareš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

Many literary texts prove a tendency to simulate features of diverse communicative acts, styles and genres that are primarily applied in non-literary spheres of communication (for instance journalism, administration, science). The aim of this paper is to suggest a possible theoretical framework for this phenomenon and to describe some ways of simulating non-literary styles in literary texts. The aforementioned simulating can be seen as a form of interdiscursivity that introduces external elements into literary texts. The functioning of it is conditioned by a process of decontextualization and recontextualization that is signalled by various paratextual and textual cues. Taking three Czech prosaic works as examples, the concrete use of this form of interdiscursivity is illustrated in the last part of the paper.

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Štruktúrno-pragmatické posuny vo vývine novinových titulkov v socialistickom a demokratickom období

Author(s): Patrícia Molnárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2022

The newspaper headline is the first contact between the author and the recipient and in terms of stylistics, it is one of the compositional aspects of the text. In relation to the text itself, as well as to the communication partner, the headline fulfils an informative, engaging and especially in journalistic genres, persuasive function. Following the previous research focused on the 1960s, the aim of the study is to analyse and compare headlines in Slovak newspapers in the period of totalitarian and democratic establishment with a focus on the journalistic genre. The research sample, excerpted from the official discourse of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1948 - 1956, 1961 - 1970) and the more recent Slovak mainstream e-discourse (2011 - 2021), contains almost 800 headlines to monitor the developmental tendencies of a given text component under the influence of changed extra lingual conditions. The aim of the research is to verify the expected linguistic and communicative modifications captured, for example, in a freer approach to the use of language. The given assumption expected at the structural-pragmatic level is conditioned by the dismantling of political-ideological control of the socialist period. At the stylistic-pragmatic level, we also assume a more direct and qualitatively more elaborate expressiveness in the language.

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De la sémiotique et de la stylistique actantielle: vers la problématique de l’argumentativité

Author(s): Kignilman Laurent Touré / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2023

The stylistics proposed by Georges Molinié is an actantial type of stylistics that takes into account the argumentative propensity of the interlocutors, or more precisely, of the actants. In fact, each actantial pole is revealed through an argumentative joust with the intention of influencing the other. This leads us to say that argumentativity lies at the heart of actantial semiotics, cleverly conducted articulation of semiotics and stylistics. This article is therefore intended to show that any speech issued and received offers an argumentative framework testifying to the rapprochement of these two disciplines. This study starts from semiotics by considering its linguistic, anthropological and philosophical lineaments to arrive at its affinity with stylistics which, in the practice of the text, gives birth to the actantial stylistics. L’aurore d’un people of Jean-Pierre Mukendi will be our illustration support.

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Metafore ale diversității lingvistice în teoria lui Humboldt

Author(s): Oana Boc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2024

Humboldt's theory on language diversity remains highly relevant and important in today's world. Many recent studies in the field of linguistics conclude that a rediscovery and reassessment of Humboldtian concepts and theory are necessary for the understanding of certain contemporary cultural aspects, such as the relationship between language and national identity, and the importance of plurilingualism and multilingualism in an era of globalization. Humboldt's theory emphasises that language is not a tool for communication, but a reflection of unique cultural worldviews. Each language is unique, representing a creation of the linguistic community, manifested and crystallised over time, during the process of historical development. Such language uniqueness is revealed not only on a phonetic, morphological and syntactical level, but also on a semantic level; at the level of internal configuration of meanings ("inner form”). Thus, each language embodies a specific set of values, beliefs and traditions. Each language is, above all, a creative interpretation of the world and, thereby, it provides the speaker with a specific "worldview”. This theory highlights the invaluable contributions that diverse cultures and languages bring to our collective human experience. Thus, this paper aims to present and analyse metaphors used by Humboldt (language as a world, as a lens, as a circle, as a network) to describe linguistic diversity and its significance within his broader theory of language. The role of these metaphors is to reveal, through expressive analogies, the importance of linguistic diversity.

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When winning goals are scored: Variation in the use of sport metaphors in American and British news discourse

Author(s): Teréz Mirjam Brdar,Veronika Szelid / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The aim of the present article is to compare the use of sport metaphors around the 2022 FIFA World Cup in spoken and written American and British English. Based on the claims of Boers (1999), our hypothesis is that there would be differences between (1) various the number of sports metaphors used during the competition and the periods before and after it, (2) between the American and the British subcorpora and (3) between the spoken and the written subcorpora. The 3 time periods examined were 3 weeks in September 2002, 3 weeks during the championship, and 5 weeks a month and a half after the event. The corpus (450, 000 words in 9 subcorpora) consists of transcripts of TV news programmes and newspaper articles. The USAS Semantic Tagger was used to identify the sport metaphors which were then analysed and categorized according to the subcorpora they belong to. The findings corroborate the first hypothesis, since the frequency of sport metaphors was the highest during the event in both American and British sources. There were no significant differences between American and British subcorpora, or between spoken and written data.

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Jezičke promjene u pisanim medijima u BiH 1992.-2002

Author(s): Marijana Nikolić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 1/2004

Sve što ima oblik podložno je promjeni, pa je razumljivo da se i jezik neprestano mijenja. Jezičke promjene dešavaju se u cilju njegovog prilagođavanja zahtjevima i potrebama društvenih zajednica koje se tim jezikom služe.Te promjene mogu biti izazvane unutarnjim lingvističkim, ali i brojnim vanlingvističkim faktorima jer je «Jezik društveno - historijska kategorija tijesno povezana sa «haosom» vanjskih zbivanja unutar države i naroda.» (Dž.Jahić,Školski rječnik bosanskog jezika, Svjetlost Sarajevo, 1999.g.str.9). Zato se on može izučavati ne samo u užem, već i u širem lingvističkom smislu, kao element etničke, nacionalne, državne i vjerske pripadnosti naroda koji se njime služe.

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Pitanje kao put ka dijalogu: Stilske funkcije pitanja u romanu Istočni diwan i esejima iz Knjige vrtova Dževada Karahasana

Author(s): Marina Katnić-Bakaršić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2023

The paper investigates the stylistic functions of questions in Dževad Karahasan’s novel Istočni diwan and essays from the book Knjiga vrtova. It is argued that questions, especially rhetorical, play a key role in understanding the style of this author. Two types of rhetorical questions are investigated— interrogation and dialogism, including many subtypes. Their high frequency, and especially the accumulation of questions in some parts of the texts, which brings even higher stylistic markedness, proves them to be one of the key stylistic features of Karahasan’s works. Both in the novel and the essays, questions primarily gain an argumentative and persuasive role, becoming an important rhetorical device that creates an impression (and sometimes illusion) of a dialogue with the readers. What is more, Istočni diwan reveals another function of rhetorical questions, that of speech characterization of the characters. At the same time, questions are an expression of Karahasan’s permanent need for dialogue with himself and with the Other.

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Neke jezično-stilske osobitosti romana Šahrijarov prsten

Author(s): Ermina Ramadanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2023

The article investigates the features of Karahasan’s language and style in the novel Shahriar’s Ring in order to determine by which linguistic and stylistic means the world of the said novel is built. Shahriar’s Ring is a novel in which one can find all the distinctiveness of Karahasan’s style and language, which, with their rhythm and vividness, serve the purpose of presenting three stories and their characters. The aim of this paper is to analyze and extract some stylistically marked versions based on their relationship to the linguistic and grammatical levels, primarily to the morphological level, word formation and syntactic level. In the paper, we will focus especially on the features of the colloquial functional style, questioning the elements of speaking/conversation. We will also analyze some creative features of this stylistic figure that refer to the morphosyntactic level, that is, the syntactic stylistic figure of Shahriar’s Ring.

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РИТОРИЧЕСКАЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ НАУЧНОЙ РЕЧИ М. В. ЛОМОНОСОВА

Author(s): Natalia Ivanovna Danilina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

The article aims to analyze to what extent and for what purposes the theoretical propositions outlined in Mikhail Lomonosov’s rhetorical works are applied in his natural science discourse. The material examined consists of essays written in the genre of “discourse”. The relevance of this research lies in the text-oriented approach of contemporary studies of scientific discourse, while its novelty stems from the lack of prior research on Lomonosov’s work from this perspective. It is shown that Lomonosov’s choice of a specific genre was influenced by extralinguistic factors, since he was to deliver a speech at a formal public meeting of the Academy of Sciences. The rhetorical structure of these works is evident in both the composition (including a panegyric-style introduction and conclusion) and the use of lexical and syntactic rhetorical elements throughout the text. The main categories of rhetorical techniques identified include “decorations”, “extension”, and “questioning”, with their functions being both merely rhetorical and supportive of contact with the audience. The overall conclusion drawn is that the rhetorical form used to present information in the context of a formal public speech did not conflict with the serious content of Lomonosov’s work and was compatible with the scientific discourse of the XVIII century.

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ÇËSHTJE TË PËRSËRITJES NË TEKSTET E REKLAMAVE NË GJUHËN SHQIPE NË PËRQASJE ME GJUHËN FRËNGE

Author(s): Silvana Vishkurti / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2010

Reklama televizive është forma më e përhapur dhe më fitimprurëse në jetën e shoqërisë, pavarësisht se publiciteti në intemet vazhdon të fitojë një terren gjithnjë e më të gjerë. Mesazhi gjuhësor, megjithëse me një hapësirë të kufizuar në këtë lloj reklame, luan një rol mjaft të rëndësishëm në rritjen e efektshmërisë së saj. Veçoritë e tekstit publicitar gjithmonë kanë tërhequr vëmendjen e studiuesvel dhe janë bërë objekt hetimi në këndvështrime nga më të ndryshmet. Këto tekste, nga vetë natyra, janë të shkurtra dhe të ngjeshura kuptimisht, ndaj dhe organizimi i tyre duhet të jetë i tillë që të ndikojë menjëherë dhe për një kohë sa më të gjatë te marrësi i mesazhit. Për këtë qëllim, gjuha vë në përdorim shumë mjete, një prej të cilave është dhe përsëritja.

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SINESTEZIA E VËSHTRUAR NË RRAFSHIN TEORIK DHE ESTETIK

Author(s): Odeta Zhegu / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2010

Sinestezia është një dukuri e perceptimit që fut në ndërveprim të drejtpërdrejtë apo jo të drejtpërdrejtë sbqisat e ndryshme, në mënyrë të tillë që rezultati i një ngacmimi të caktuar ndijimor prek kanale të tjera ndijimore ose aktivizon sistemin perceptues në tërësi. Koncepti i sinestezisë, si teori e perceptimit simultan (të njëkohshëm), ka lindur e është zhvilluar përgjatë tre shekujve: djepi i saj është debati gnoseologjik i zhvilluar në shek. XVII e XVIII mes disa filozofëve të famshëm. Në shek. XIX ajo do të ushqehet nga limfa jetësore e refiektimeve filozofike, nga tregimet dhe veprat e poetëve romantikë e dekadentë, ndërkohë që do të gjejë shprehjen e vet më të gjerë në krijimet artistike të piktorëve e muzikantëve gjatë gjithë viteve nëntëqind. Së fundmi, në gjysmën e dytë të shek. XX, ajo do të jetë objekt i studimeve të çmuara estetike.

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O przekładzie dygresji i intertekstu na tle „wyrw nieenroicznych”

Author(s): Anna Bednarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The author examines the reconstruction of digressions and intertextual references comparing the poem Polish Flowers by Julian Tuwim and its Russian translation. She draws attention to numerous “gaps” — omissions visible in the translation. She notes that they are the opposite of “enroic gaps” (the term coined by Henryk Lebiedziński), which made it possible to guess the omitted content (message). Hence, she introduces the term “non-enroic gaps”. As a result, she comes to the conclusion that the digressiveness of the Polish work has been lost in the translation, for which these “gaps” are to blame.

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Textual Allusions in the Cairo Trilogy of Naguib Mahfouz: A Stylistic Perspective

Author(s): Haithm Zinhom Morsy / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The issue of intertextuality is discussed M. Bakhtin’s work, particularly in Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics and The Dialogic Imagination. Bakhtin claimed that “the functional text is a hybrid entity, not a single whole; it is a composite amalgamation of a variety of formulae” (76). The theory of intertextuality attained various dimensions and wider interfaces in the works of poststructuralist theorists such as Roland Barthes and Julia Kristeva. These scholars viewed texts as networks of other texts stating that a writer’s strength lies in the ability to blend existing writings and emulate previously read and written gestures. Incorporating intertextuality theories into critical research on literary works provides a deeper comprehension of both intentional and hidden intertextual chains and allusions within the texts. This paper, utilizing critical and analytical frameworks, meticulously examines the intertextual references in Naguib Mahfouz’s Cairo Trilogy (Palace Walk, Palace of Desire, and Sugar Street), exploring their function and significance. The paper argues that the author’s use of intertextuality and allusions from multiple sources in the trilogy broadens the narrative horizons and generates new interpretations. Additionally, the paper points out that the author utilizes intertextuality as a stylistic tool, infusing the texts with references to the Quran, local folklore, and popular culture for aesthetic and thematic purposes. The integration of a diversity of intertextual references and citations from other texts enhances the portrayal of the socio-cultural dynamics underpinning the patriarchal Egyptian society, criticized in the trilogy.

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Exploring the Linguistic Patterns of Gratitude: A Comparative Analysis of Acknowledgments in Philosophy PhD Theses

Author(s): Fatma Yuvayapan,Hayriye Bilginer / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Acknowledgments as expressions of gratitude are not only mere formalities in academia but also represent heartfelt attempts by researchers to acknowledge the support that shaped their academic journeys. They are a specific academic genre in which personal texts are produced as a part of academic genres such as theses or books. Hence, a systematic understanding of the linguistic features of this specific genre may contribute to the literature on academic writing. Comparing expressions of gratitude across English, German, and Turkish L1 academic contexts, this study presents a detailed picture of linguistic patterns in Ph.D. thesis acknowledgments in the field of Philosophy. We found that thanking for academic purposes was the main reason for gratitude in the three cultures. Our analysis also revealed the influence of cultural and linguistic nuances on the syntactic patterns of gratitude in the three contexts. We concluded that while acknowledgments remain deeply personal and emotionally charged, they adhere to genre-specific encoding patterns and share common lexical preferences, which require explicit instruction in academic writing courses.

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Diskursni markeri u Sarajevskom korpusu SMS poruka na bosanskom jeziku

Author(s): Azra Hodžić-Čavkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 22/2024

Studying the language of the Sarajevo corpus of SMS messages in the Bosnian language is another window into communication. Newly formed, this corpus will be able to show what kind of habits speakers created regarding the organization of the message in a channel that was marked by a significant number of constraints. Its limitations in a strict technical sense should, nevertheless, be understood as non-contextual limitations that could have developed different strategies to overcome them. Decisions on how to organize the content of the message were made by the senders firstly in relation to whom the message is being created and in relation to the time-space context, but also based on the subject of the message itself. To organize messages, SMS senders used discourse markers in order to effectively convey the message on several levels of communication. Because they mark the interaction between the ideas expressed in the content of the message and the author of the message, discourse markers ensure the direction in which the recipient should (and must) understand the message. Discourse markers in SMS messages operate on several levels: interpersonal (smoothing the relationship between the interlocutors), referential (organizing the relationship to the non-linguistic world through discourse), structural (organizing the discourse) and cognitive (making cognitive processes explicit). In a strict syntactic sense, they function as elements which do not belong to the sentences within which they occur; they belong to the discourse itself, and the study of discourse markers is the study of the very channel within which communication is realized. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the presence of discourse markers and their use in SMS messages in the Bosnian language. First of all, we pay special attention to the presence of a certain class of words (such as, for example, the verbs vidi, vidiš and znaš, particles evo, eto and eno; exclamations oh and hm (in different realizations), etc. ) and explain the motivation for their presence with the conceptual mechanisms of metaphor. This research also shows that SMS is rightly considered to be the successor of conversational style habits.

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EUPHEMISMS IN LATIN AND ITALIAN LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

Author(s): Karmen Lazri,Irena Ndreu / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2023

Just like onomastics that preserve the oldest stages of language development, euphemisms can also be used and studied from the point of view of construction, giving us a valuable material for many types and ways of word formation in the Albanian language, as well as for adverbial means. The earlier they are, the greater the value from a linguistic point of view. Not all ways of word formation can be illustrated by euphemisms.” Likewise, which is part of euphemisms (from old Greek eu "good" + phemi "I say", speak), are words used to name things and objects, whose names for various reasons have been avoided from use. So, we are dealing with existing lexical units that mark a new referent. Euphemisms, in essence, are the transfer of the name from one object to another, they are figurative transitions of meaning. Such arguments bring quite a few research and study difficulties, referring to a foreign language, even more so when it comes to a classical language, dead for centuries, as is the case of Latin. In addition, it should be known that euphemisms do not have the same characteristics from language to language, because this linguistic phenomenon does not remain only on the linguistic level, but also extends and deepens on the ethnolinguistic level, otherwise in the entire culture of a people

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Prevodivost metafore Derviša Sušića: roman “Uhode/Spies”

Author(s): Selma Đuliman,Amira Sadiković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2024

Derviš Sušić is undoubtedly one of the most versatile writers of the 20th century Bosnia and Herzegovina. His opus, characterised by a peculiar stylistic expression contains metaphors that make the storyline, otherwise set in a certain historical period, timeless, i.e., ever-current and again-enlightening. This paper aims at analysing metaphors in the translation of Sušić’s novel Uhode, published in English in 2017 by the Academy of Arts and Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina as Spies. The methodological framework applied is Lakoff and Johnson’s linguistic approach, whereby the source text and the translation are compared within their source and target domains. In that sense, translatability, i.e. the possibility of achieving the identical content of the source and target domains in the translation is observed within Newmark’s model of translation strategies.

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Бог зна и прије него што види: Појмовне метафоре у значењима глагола видјети и погледати у преводу масоретског текста Књиге Постања Владике Атанасија (Јевтића)

Author(s): Ljerka Jeftić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 23/2024

The paper is concerned with the metaphorical meanings of the verbs of perception in Serbian – vidjeti (see) and pogledati (look at) – in Bishop Atanasije’s translation of the Hebrew text of the Book of Genesis and in his comments accompanying specific verses. The analysis is set within the framework of cognitive linguistic theory of conceptual metaphor which treats metaphor as a cognitive mechanism in the construction of meaning in thought and language.The construction or understanding of meaning is achieved by way of mentally accessing an abstract target domain in terms of a concrete source domain whereby the term domain refers to any coherent organization of experience. With this in mind, the paper draws on the interpretation referred to by Bishop Atanasije that, in the course of God’s creating the world, God knew even before he saw (that is, knowledge, as the target domain, preceded sight, as the source domain) that what He created was good, but explicates His knowledge by means of the verb of perception (see) for the sake of humans because, as the paper argues in line with cognitive linguistic findings, visual input is one of the most important sources of human knowledge. Hence, the analysis focuses on the role of the verbs of perception with God as the agent in His relationship with the creation, as well as on the metaphorical and metonymic uniqueness of the biblical narration of God’s creation of the world, as contained in the translation of the Hebrew text into Serbian and Bishop Atanasije’s comments. The results of the analysis indicate that the creation is both in God’s knowledge and His sight, that is, God knows and sees the creation as long as it is good, i.e., as He intended it to be. However, once the creation gets corrupt due to humans disobeying God’s commands thus alienating themselves from God’s knowledge and sight, the new relationship is established wherein the creation becomes the object of God’s attention and regard which He continues to care for.

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