CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Cognitive-methodological functions of metaphors

Author(s): Marek Hetmański / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The paper analyzes the cognitive functions of metaphors present in both colloquial and scientific discourse. First, presented is the history of research into linguistic metaphors, followed by a discussion of the psycholinguistic turn towards metaphors as thought schemas (George Lakoff and Mark Johnson), as well as metaphoricality embodied in gestures, images and behaviors and their socio-cultural contexts. Based on the analysis of metaphors in the natural sciences, mainly in physics (Max Black, Mary Hesse, Thomas Kuhn) as well as in psychology (Douwe Draaisma), the heuristic and methodological functions of metaphors in science are discussed. Finally, on this basis, a general model of the cognitive functions of metaphor is constructed in which, apart from the cognitive communicative functions, emphasized are also the pragmatic aspects of metaphorical thinking.

More...

FOREGROUNDING POVERTY THROUGH THE HETERODIEGETIC NARRATOR IN O. HENRY’S THE GIFT OF THE MAGI

Author(s): Merve Peköz,H. Sezgi Sarac DURGUN,Arda Arikan / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2023

This article analyses the contribution and effect of the heterodiegetic narrative style employed by O. Henry, as exemplified in his famous short story titled The Gift of the Magi. In it, while the significant conceptual conflict is created by juxtaposing poverty and generosity, the stylistic analysis highlights the importance of the devices used in the short story, such as capitalisation, situational irony, and repetition. It is concluded that the stylistic devices employed by O. Henry foreground the willingness and commitment of the impoverished family to maintain the tradition of exchanging gifts during Christmas.

More...

Literaturoznawcza analiza/interpretacja krytyczna: Józef Tischner Myślenie z wnętrza metafory versus Bartłomiej Maliszewski Metafora i aksjologia wzorzec człowieka w renesansowej literaturze parenetycznej

Author(s): Krzysztof Obremski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2022

Józef Tischner’s Myślenie z wnętrza metafory [Thinking From Within the Metaphor] and Bartłomiej Maliszewski’s Metafora i aksjologia [Metaphor and Axiology] are texts that are both described (analysed) and interpreted here. However, the debatability of the dual understanding of metaphor (‘inside’ – ‘outside’) is only a preliminary difficulty. For it will be incomparably more important that when we read Thinking From Within the Metaphor, then we will not find an explanation of the authorial meaning attributed to the after all key term of his text, and this is by no means a coincidence. The fundamental opposition – unambiguous genre language versus axiological and agathological analogical (metaphorical, symbolic) language – is certainly a persuasive construction, but not necessarily a valid one. A fundamental literary problem: is the Platonic cave really a metaphor? In Bartłomiej Maliszewski’s book Metafora i aksjologia wzorzec człowieka w renesansowej literaturze parenetycznej [Metaphor and Axiology. The Model of Man in Renaissance Parenetic Literature], ‘metaphor’ is equated with the ‘figurative’. There would be nothing reprehensible in this if not for the fact that these two key terms in the book co-create a state of approximate numerical equilibrium, while (and this is more important) proving to be both identical and disjointed. The lack of a definition of ‘metaphor’ and ‘figurative’ makes the whole impressive argument resemble a colossus standing on two legs of clay, over which it stumbles as they become entangled. The legitimacy of the combined view of Thinking From Within the Metaphor and Metaphor and Axiology is contained primarily in the fact that Renaissance parenesis can be seen as one of the historical forms of agathology.

More...

O POTRZEBIE I KIERUNKACH BADANIA JĘZYKA W FILMIE

Author(s): Bogusław Skowronek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2023

This ar􏰀cle takes up the problem of studying language in film. It points to the significance of the issue and the causes of the film discourse having been ignored in analyses of Polish in the media to this date. It also indicates the primary parameters of the verbal aspect in a firm work, which can be subjected to a linguist overview. Addi􏰀onally, it discusses the main linguis􏰀cs methodologies that seem to be the most effec􏰀ve in examina􏰀ons of film dialogues.

More...

PAUZY WYPEŁNIONE W WYSTĄPIENIACH NAUKOWYCH ONLINE

Author(s): Beata Ciecierska-Zajdel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 06/2023

The author has analysed 40 scientific and popular scientific online speeches with the aim to determine the frequency and types of filled pauses (FPs) occurring there. The research has shown that there are, on average, 41 additional, semantically non-specific, sound elements in five minutes of a scientific speech. The highest frequency (nearly 70% of the recorded FPs) was filled pauses proper (FPPs), that is sounds resembling elongated vowels or syllables: eee, yyy, emmm. Other forms of filling pauses observed were elongations of final positions, repetitions of words or fragments of phrases, retardatory words (prawda, no, tak), and non-language sounds (smacks, grunts). In terms of perception, elongations and repetitions of words seem more recipient-friendly than FPPs or retardatory words.

More...

LEKSYKA EKONOMICZNA W POLSZCZYŹNIE: DYNAMIKA ROZWOJU I ZAKRES WPŁYWU JĘZYKÓW NIESŁOWIAŃSKICH

Author(s): Irena Szczepankowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 07/2023

The subject of the observation is the Polish economic lexis used in the discourse on economy: agriculture, industry, trade, and financial operations. Its present composition, with a considerable share of borrowings from English, is an effect of the development of the capitalist socioeconomic formation. New symbols have layered on top of the abundant lexical substratum composed of native units as well as Germanisms and Latinisms, including those of Greek provenance, which has been gradually enriched over the centuries. The aim of the analysis is to identify the development trends in the lexical layer that have evolved into the current Polish economic discourse, with a particular focus on the dynamics, extent, and nature of foreign-language influences. The statistical comparison of the lexical resource of three journalistic texts of similar volumes, representative of successive periods of the development of the economic discourse in the Polish language, permits the ascertainment that the broadest assimilation of non-Slavic components into the Polish economic lexis took place in the 19th century.

More...

Have media texts become more humorous? A diachronic analysis of the Corpus of Historical American English

Author(s): Yueqing Deng,Haoran Zhu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

As a research topic, humour has drawn much attention from multiple disciplines including linguistics. Based on Engelthaler & Hills’ (2018) humour scale, this study developed a measure named Humour Index (HMI) to quantify the degree of humour of texts. This measure was applied to examine the diachronic changes in the degree of humour of American newspapers and magazines across a time span of 118 years (1900-2017) with the use of texts from Corpus of Historical American English (COHA). Besides, the study also discussed the contributions of different types of words to the degree of humour in the two genres. The results show significant uptrends in the degree of humour of both newspapers and magazines in the examined period. Moreover, derogatory and offensive words are found to be less frequently used than other categories of words in both genres. This study provides both theoretical and methodological implications for humour studies and claims or hypotheses of previous research, such as infotainment and linguistic positivity bias.

More...

PRIMJERI FONOSTILISTIČKIH POSTUPAKA U POEZIJI I PROZI RADOVANA ZOGOVIĆA

Author(s): Bojan Minić / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 18/2021

The objective of the paper is to explain the way Radovan Zogović uses stylematics and stylogenicity of phonostylistic units to achieve enhanced expressiveness in his works. After a short introduction to the stylistic peculiarities of the mentioned units, the paper focuses on examples from Zogović's oeuvre, but also from the oeuvre of other Montenegrin writers, to place the actions of this author in the context of earlier phonostylistic actions of this environment, starting with those so early that opinions are divided about their intentionality and character (like the example of Old Man Milija) to newer authors, Zogović's contemporaries. By comparing these procedures, the author (in addition to the basic conclusion that Zogović, as a proven expert in his craft and the author of a particular style described in many works by earlier authors, consciously created his own style at all linguistic and stylistic levels) concludes that, apart from the already mentioned stylistic levels and procedures, the writer also had an excessively developed palette of phonostylistic means, some of which he shares with other good authors, still giving them his own stamp, while he realizes others in his own and unique way, equally successfully.

More...

Stilwechsel in der Wissenschaftskommunikation. Am Rande der ins Deutsche übersetzten Monographie von Bożena Witosz Genologia lingwistyczna

Author(s): Zofia Bilut-Homplewicz / Language(s): German Issue: 76/2020

The article presents a style change in science communication, which is shown by means of the German translation of Bożena Witosz’s monograph Genologia lingwistyczna (Linguistic genology). The reference point for the article is both the first part of the text, in which Witosz discusses the theoretical problems of genology, and the final chapter, where the Polish language research tradition comes to the fore – literary texts are often included as analytical material. The exemplification of this stylistic procedure emphasizes the diverse status of style change in both parts of the monograph.

More...

O wybranych terminach nauki o organizacji wypowiedzenia. Uwagi wstępne

Author(s): Anna Kozłowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2020

The paper attempts to outline the problems with the coining of terms is a linguistic subdiscipline, which – though designed by Ferdinand de Saussure – has not been sufficiently developed so far. It is an area that still lacks a fully adequate and widely recognized name, and has been referred to by Jadwiga Wajszczuk as a “«current» organization of an utterance”. It can be considered a subdiscipline of the linguistics of speech, focused on hierarchically organized layers of an utterance seen as a unit of parole. Reviewing some of the terms proposed so far and indicating concepts that should be distinguished and properly named serve as a starting point for methodological reflection on the building of terminology related to the newly developed discipline.

More...

O pojęciu kompetencji w lingwistycznych badaniach nad humorem

Author(s): Anna Krasowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2020

Humour competence, which can be defined as the capacity to recognize and understand humour, is an important aspect of semantic and pragmatic competence. This paper is devoted to the evolution of the concept of humour competence in linguistics at the turn of the 21th century as well as its use in studies on second language acquisition and historical humour.

More...

„Po terminologii poznacie ich…”: w poszukiwaniu differentia specifica współczesnego językoznawstwa

Author(s): Przemysław Łozowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2020

In the article, an attempt is made to identify the notion and its corresponding terminology that could serve the purposes of the differentia specifica of the ongoing polarisation of modern linguistics. As the terms system, symbol, functionalism, and conventionalism are found inadequate, it is the notion ‘continuum’, and its terminology, that is claimed to possibly tell apart the two ends (structural/generative and functional/cognitive, respectively) of the linguistic cline. What follows is a report on whether or not, and to what extent, the ‘continuum’ terminology features in the latest 11 issues (2015–2019) of the three selected Polish journals of general linguistics.

More...

O precyzji terminologicznej w kontekście badań diachronicznych (na przykładzie przyimków)

Author(s): Aleksandra Janowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2020

Terminological precision constitutes one the most important determinants of scholarship because it is directly associated with precise thinking. However, in the humanities, also in linguistics, this requirement is frequently omitted, for it is hardly possible to capture the majority of linguistic phenomena within a rigid scientific framework. The paper focuses on the problem of defining the boundaries of the class of prepositions (we are concerned mainly with secondary prepositions: wzdłuż, wobec, celem, na początku, pod wodzą), a class whose description is difficult due to the lack of uniformity and the dynamic nature of the phenomena related to the use of prepositions. It is a part of speech which in a way is developing “right before our eyes”. The author presents an overview of the multifarious definitions of prepositions proposed to date. They range from approaches which to a great extent narrow down this class of lexemes to “certain”, lexicalised forms, to descriptions which take into account a whole range of syntactic features related to the analysed lexical units, as well as some borderline phenomena. The author intends to point to the most useful approach to the understanding of the phenomenon of the prepositional class and indicate which approaches should be (or may be) taken into account in historical analyses. The author also addresses the problem of the adjustment of terms used in synchronic and diachronic linguistics.

More...

Formy celownika, narzędnika i miejscownika liczby mnogiej rzeczowników w Sprawie chędogiej o męce Pana Chrystusowej i w Historyi Trzech Kroli (kodeks Wawrzyńca z Łaska, 1544)

Author(s): Marek Osiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2020

The aim of the article is an attempt to establish linguistic coherence as well as chronological and geographical relation between two texts included in Wawrzyniec of Łask’s Codex (1544): Sprawa chędoga o męce Pana Chrystusowej (A Beautiful Tale of the Passion of Christ) and Historyja Trzech Kroli (The Story of the Three Kings). The analysis of plural nouns in the dative, instrumental and locative case includes a discussion of the following aspects of the distribution of the analyzed inflectional suffixes: frequency, gender, thematic and lexical aspects. The analysis shows that the apocrypha confirm the language state typical of older texts (from the turn of the 16th century) or characteristic of early Krakow prints. Certain linguistic features evidenced in the apocrypha are of Northern Polish origin. The uneven text distribution may indicate that the apocrypha do not come from Wawrzyniec of Łask.

More...

The coordinated glosses of the Eadwine Psalter and their source(s)

Author(s): Paulina Zagórska / Language(s): English Issue: 76/2020

The paper presents the results of an extensive study into double glosses employed in the Old English gloss to the Eadwine Psalter in order to verify the possible sources of this linguistically complex manuscript. The analysis shows that the affiliation of the gloss is complicated, with numerous glosses which do not belong to the established Old English psalter glossing tradition. Additionally, the results may account for several problematic issues related to the Old English gloss to the Eadwine Psalter, such as the number of hands and the glossing practice behind the production of this manuscript. Ultimately, the paper shows that contrary to popular opinion, the Old English gloss to the Eadwine Psalter – and especially the corrections introduced to it – can offer solid data regarding the “transitional” language and the scribal practice in post-Conquest, twelfth-century England.

More...

Eksplicytacja: zjawisko → koncept → termin w perspektywie metodologii modelu składni propozycjonalnej. Lingwistyczny głos w dyskusji o uniwersaliach translatologicznych

Author(s): Dorota Szumska,Krzysztof Ozga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 76/2020

The article aims to demonstrate that it is worthwhile to carry out a comparative analysis of the conceptual and terminological inventories of translatology and text linguistics. The inquiry should start by juxtapos ing the metalanguages used in the research within these two areas of study, with a view to identifying conceptual categories common to both fields and eliminating those methodological assumptions which contradict the key assumption of text analysis, i.e. the separation of the plane of form from the plane of content. Through this it would be possible to achieve an added value by establishing a common ground for sharing research experiences, which appears to be the sine qua non for the development of both disciplines. The empirical strand of the article consists in demonstrating – with the help of the methodological apparatus of predicate-argument syntax – the amorphousness of the term ‘explicitation’ used in translation studies and in outlining a proposal for defining more precisely the conceptual category associated with the term.

More...

Profesor Irena Kałuża (1924–2019)

Author(s): Elżbieta Chrzanowska-Kluczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 77/2021

In Memoriam Profesor Irena Kałuża (1924–2019).

More...

Ty jako wartość w debacie o słowie Murzyn

Author(s): Jadwiga Linde-Usiekniewicz,Dominika Michalak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 77/2021

The acceptability of the Polish M-word (corresponding to the N-word in English) has been debated in the social media. In the debate, the adversaries vary not only in their views, but also in ways they formulate and justify them. In the present paper, we analyze a sample of Facebook posts in which the authors not only express the opinions of Polish Blacks as a key argument in favor of rejecting the M-word, but also argue that giving hearing to Black voices shows regard for the well-being of the Other. On the other hand, we assume that such posts may constitute Face Threatening Acts against those who consider the M-word non-offensive. Therefore, we study the degree to which politeness strategies are employed by the authors to weaken this threat. The analysis presented in the paper is only qualitative, while the adopted interdisciplinary perspective draws on sociology and linguistics.

More...

Мультимодальность – мультимедийность – мультиканальность и др. Альтернативные формы передачи информации как проблема лингвистической теории и терминологии

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz,Żanna Sładkiewicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 77/2021

The article is devoted to the problem of multimodality, popular in modern linguistics and seen as an interaction within the same discourse of different methods of encoding and decoding information. The authors proceed from the premise that the existence of alternative plans of the expression of messages is due to the heterogeneity of their content, as well as the existing predisposition of the types of content (semantic or pragmatic) to a certain way of explication. The multimodal approach is considered in the context of the mediatization and technologization of social communication. The authors show a significant variability of the terminology in this area and explain the difficulties associated with the use of some terms. A separate section of the article is devoted to the general typology of modular message architectonics, which takes into account (as forms of meaning representation) different levels of the linguistic organization of a message, different channels, different codes, different media devices, different languages and different (parallel) messages.

More...

Polska klasyfikacja rodzajów i typów stylizacji językowej jako narzędzie opisu wybranych zagadnień stylistyki japońskiej

Author(s): WOJCIECH GĘSZCZAK / Language(s): Polish Issue: 77/2021

The aim of this study is to apply the classification of speech stylization proposed by Dubisz (1996: 17-20) to some findings reported on in studies on Japanese stylistics. The classification was utilized to describe the stylistics of spoken language, transcribed into text as a record of the utterances of fictional characters in Japanese literature and comic books. Two out of five classes of stylizations defined by Dubisz were used as reference points for reviewing the results of studies on the stylistics of Japanese multimodal genres (Kinsui, Yamakido 2015). Japanese speech stylizations were evaluated with regard to the impact of individual traits of characters on their speech styles and to the multimodal nature of genres such as comic book and illustrated book. This attempt has led to the proposal of some innovations in the Polish classification of speech stylizations.

More...