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Review of: К. Попов. Етюди по българска стилистика (предговор от М. Виденов). София, ИК „Ваньо Недков“, 1999. 222 стр.
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Review of: Стереотипность и творчество в тексте. Межвузовский сборник научных трудов. Под ред. М. П. Котюровой. Пермь, 2000, 393 стр.
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Review of: Стереотипность и творчество в тексте [Межвузовский сборник научных трудов] (отв. ред. М. П. Котюрова). Пермь, Пермьский университет, 2001, 408 стр.
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Review of: Хр. Станева. Стилистика на българския книжовен език. Велико Търново, 2001. 520 стр.
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The aim of the article is to present the various functions of the jargon of nurses. The material being the basis for the research was obtained from surveys and numerous interviews, which allowed me to examine the language awareness of nurses working in selected hospitals in the Mazowieckie voivodship (Warsaw, Mińsk Mazowiecki, Wołomin, Siedlce, Płock). The formal analysis of the jargon has shown that the vocational lexis of Polish nurses is formed by means of two types of derivation: semantic (metaphor and metonymy), e.g. pig (świnia) ‘portable device for disinfecting rooms using the fogging method’, small butterfly (motylek) ‘type of intravenous cannula’), and morphological (affix derivative, retrograde derivative), e.g. wanko ‘vancomycin’; zarurować pacjenta ‘intubate the patient’.On the basis of the professional lexical resource, it can be concluded that the most important for the studied professional group are activities strictly related to the course of treatment of patients ‘diseases, and the very specificity of individual hospital wards, equipped with characteristic medical equipment, e.g. washing machine (pralka) ‘dialysis machine’, bill of lading (list przewozowy) ‘order for additional examinations’, bocian (stork) ‘suture scissors’, odkurzacz (vacuum cleaner)‘obstetric vacuum’.Professional jargons allow for effective and efficient communication. Nurses use them to save time when communicating with colleagues at work, e.g. hepa ‘heparin’, tromba ‘thrombapheresis’, SN (Single-Needle) ‘single needle dialysis’. The professional vocabulary of the group in question also plays an expressive role, which is particularly important in medical professions associated with contact with death, in life-threatening situations, e.g. deckchair ‘lying patient’, going for parts ‘the deceased subjected to transplantation procedures’, paratrooper ’patient admitted under the urgent procedure’. Environmental vocabulary is most often used during informal conversations with colleagues and during professional activities.
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One of the factors affecting the quality of intercultural communication is the correct transmission of the information and semantic component of the codes that implement the model of culture. Coming into contact with the codes of a foreign culture through the language, the communicant involuntarily makes mistakes when the codes are transformed into the system of codes of their own culture. As a result of this, there is a misunderstanding, and often a misunderstanding of cultural meanings, which leads to a certain conflict - hidden or explicit - in intercultural communication. We have singled out several such errors that have occurred occur during the transfer of information and its transformation - this is a code perception error, a decoding error, a mismatch error, a linking error resulting from a transient error, a replication error, and a transposition error with a violation of semantic integrity. All these errors occur in the individual cognitive system as a result of insufficient knowledge and understanding of a foreign culture and as a result of a discrepancy between the system of codes of one culture and the system of codes of another culture.
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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected various aspects of social and economic life: daily routine, work, education, interpersonal and media communication. It had an impact on language as well; the terms which had rarely been used before have emerged (pandemic, quarantine, epidemiological threat, antivaxer) along with numerous pandemic-related neologisms, mainly compounds (coronaparty, coronavacation, antimasker, Covidian, Covidiot). These phenomena and language changes are global in nature, as is the pandemic. The two languages, Polish and Croatian, were chosen for the sake of comparative analysis. The aim was to showcase the mechanisms of the so-called coronalanguage (Pol. koronajęzyk, Cro. koronagovor/koronarazgovor) as a new phenomenon in social communication and discuss interlanguage similarities and differences. In the article, technical terminology and colloquialpandemic-related terms present in Polish and Croatian media discourse have been compared.
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Thanks to research over the last decades on specialized languages, the status and methods of terminology, terminological definitions, term characteristics, the relationship between term and word, etc., radical changes have occurred in the theory of terminology today. The sphere of metalanguage in Romance languages (French), which interests us, has a dynamic description of terminologies from a linguistic and literary perspective.The sphere of metalanguage, which concerns us, its lexicographic plan, has been the subject of research in Romance languages. In French, for example, we have the dynamic description of stylistic terminology from a linguistic and literary perspective, see, for example, the works of Mr Ion Manoli Dictionnaire des termes linguistiques et poetiques (2012) and Dictionnaire des termes litteraires (2022).For the lexicography of the Romanian language, see Gheorghe Dragomirescu’s Mică enciclopedie a figurilor de stil (1993), Dorel Fînaru’s Dicționar de retorică poetică (2020), or Mihaela Popescu’s Dicționar de stilistică. In English lexicography, both yesterday and today, such research is still lacking. Until today we do not have a dynamic description of stylistic and poetic terminologies from the linguistic perspective stricto modo, following the constitution of terms in various fields of knowledge (Old Rhetoric and New Rhetoric, Prague, Copenhagen, Geneva, Paris, Heidelberg linguistic schools, etc.) from the diachronic aspect, the semantic and pragmatic behaviour of terminological units, their integration and functioning in texts with different degrees of specialization; the lexicographical definition of these terms becomes ultra-difficult if one takes into account their diversity, fixed in dictionaries. When we use the terms metalanguage, metalinguistic, metalimbic, we have in mind the terminological language specific to a field of research. The closest synonym is specialized language. The boundaries between general and specialized language and between specialized language variants are very flexible, with lexical items constantly moving from one area to another.
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The authors treat aesthetic speech acts as stimulating, i.e. within the category of determining speech acts (which also includes directive, interrogative, vocative and creative acts). A characteristic feature of stimulating speech acts is the na- tivistic nature of the determined mental state of the addressee. In formal terms, the peculiarity of aesthetic speech acts is that the use of discrete (lexical or grammatical) exponents of the illocutionary function is not possible in this case. To implement the aesthetic function, various elements of the part of the utterance containing information about the area of reference of the pragmatic function are used: 1) the semantic content of the text or utterance; 2) its form and structure; 3) context and communication situation; 4) translation of text/message, including the media. Due to their functional and formal features, aesthetic speech acts are divided into several subtypes: 1) macro-, meso- and micro-acts; 2) free vs. complementary acts; 3) determining the feeling of beauty or ugliness; 4) communicative vs. non-communicative. Keywords: pragmalinguistics, linguistic communication, literary pragmatics, discourse, aesthetic speech actsThe authors treat aesthetic speech acts as stimulating, i.e. within the category of determining speech acts (which also includes directive, interrogative, vocative and creative acts). A characteristic feature of stimulating speech acts is the na- tivistic nature of the determined mental state of the addressee. In formal terms, the peculiarity of aesthetic speech acts is that the use of discrete (lexical or grammatical) exponents of the illocutionary function is not possible in this case. To implement the aesthetic function, various elements of the part of the utterance containing information about the area of reference of the pragmatic function are used: 1) the semantic content of the text or utterance; 2) its form and structure; 3) context and communication situation; 4) translation of text/message, including the media. Due to their functional and formal features, aesthetic speech acts are divided into several subtypes: 1) macro-, meso- and micro-acts; 2) free vs. complementary acts; 3) determining the feeling of beauty or ugliness; 4) communicative vs. non-communicative.
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The poetry of Martin Camaj marks an entirely separate poetical system, cultivated freely and in line with the European modernism and not under the pressure of the censorship of political ideology. As a pre- valent feature of this poetry we find the presence of dichotomies in the poetry’s form and content. Through various text analyses we scrutinised some of the dichotomy typologies and their function, which varies from image to mirage, in the sense that the associated sequences appear and disappear at about the same time. In a separate entry we have tried to shed light on Martin Camaj’s relation to hermeticism, since there are still discussions among scholars regarding this aspect. Having dealt with the components of the hermetic poetry and dark language, we have argued that the author’s intention was not to implement specific models, since his poems are not the formal output of some ready-made creative mould, but carry the distinct quality of an artless spontaneous style and distinguishing elements, which leads us more to the prevalence of dark language in his poetical expression.
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Review of: Shefkije Islamajt, Ligjërimi, gjuha dhe stili në krijimtarinë letrare moderne dhe postmoderne të Rexhep Qosjes, Instituti Albanologjik, Prishtinë, 2021 (827 f.)
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The article focuses on the deployment of hypothetical talk in the CANBEC and CCI cor- pora of business meetings and examines its use as a discursive tool for communicating stance in encounters where participants represent (potentially) incompatible positions. Through the use of hypothetical talk, interactants signal the potential for agreement and resolution by testing the other participants’ position and their preparedness to shift their view. It is argued that although talk introduced to the meeting may be hypothetical, the stance communicated is real. The analysis provides insights into actions applied to re- solve impasse or conflict situations, particularly through the rhetorical move of formu- lating. Formulating aims to resolve or summarize talk at a particular instance in time. The act of formulating requires an evaluative step on the part of the participants in order to consider their contributions or their opposition to the formulation. It is, therefore, of interest to examine how talk that is known to be hypothetical – hence essentially unreal, speculative, potentially untrue or even counterfactual – can be allowed to feature in meetings discourse and to influence a meeting’s outcome. Two theoretical models were applied to understand this – Du Bois’s (2007) “stance triangle” and Hunston’s (1989, 1994, 2011) three functions of evaluation. These offered a new perspective on the role of hypothetical talk in business meetings, where, as the results demonstrate, hypotheticaltalk is used to signal stance, test that of the other participants, and advance the speakers’ goals. By integrating the two models and applying them in order to understand how hypothetical talk is formulated in business meetings, it was possible to conceptualize the process through which meeting participants evaluate and act upon talk, by making “real life decisions” upon information which has initially been introduced to the meet- ing as hypothetical.
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The paper aims to analyse the language and style of an Italian Renaissance treatise, Antonio Possevino’s Transylvania, which the author wrote in 1583 and revised for publication in the following years. Despite Possevino’s self-censorship, the publication of the book was stopped by the internal censorship of the Society of Jesus. The paper focuses on the direct tradition of the work, highlighting the language used by Possevino in the manuscripts studied and in the published editions, following the selection that the author makes at the morphological, lexical and syntactic levels. Its aim is to understand how and why Possevino adapts the form of his work to the informational content of the book.
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This study examines five issues of the neofascist magazine for women Eowyn Alternative Femminili, publishes in the second half of the 1970s and the first part of the 1980s and deals with them from a thematic, politological and linguistic point of view. The purpose is to determine the structure of the language of the militant policy of neofascist young women, to assess the magazine’s impact on the relevant political environment and on the Italian feminism at that time and also to identify the possible presence of a model of feminism adopted by the radical right, along with a primary description thereof.Key words:
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With reference to the discussion about language and discourse in literary and cultural practices, the author of this article has decided to focus on the forms of spoken language in art and literature. Following the evolution of these linguistic phenomena over time, Louis-Ferdinand Céline’s novel, Voyage au bout de la nuit [Journey to the End of the Night], was studied in the first place. When the novel was published in 1932, it broke writing conventions. Then, there was analysed the way in which the French actor Fabrice Luchini made the stage adaptation of this novel, creating, at the same time, a unique spectacle.
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This study examines language use among soldiers in the Odogbo army barracks in Ojoo-Ibadan during training and parade activities. A good number of scholars have investigated language use in the armed forces, and many of them adopted different approaches and arrived at different conclusions. However, there is a paucity of scholarship on the shared knowledge that soldiers deploy in their language during training, parades, and other special activities. The study adopts a qualitative method since the data involved are descriptive. The data used in this study was harvested through participant observations of parade activities by soldiers, as were the audio recordings of army interactions during a parade. Odogbo Army Barracks in Ojoo, Ibadan, was purposefully selected since it was the first barracks in Ibadan and was saddled with the responsibility of coordinating the military activities in southwestern Nigeria. The collected data were analysed from sociolinguistic perspective through identification and interpretation in the military context vis-à-vis the interlocutor. The paper concluded that soldiers’ language in parade involves an authoritative style obeyed by the parade troop as a result of shared knowledge.
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Gegenstand des Beitrags sind Kollokationen mit der Basis Leistung und adjektivischen Kollokatoren in den Ressorts POLITIK, POPULÄRWISSENSCHAFT UND SPORT deutscher Zeitungen. Das Hauptziel der Forschung ist es, die Verwendung der Kollokatoren in Abhängigkeit von den Ressorts zu beschreiben, sowie die Frage zu beantworten, inwieweit das Ressort die Kollokatorenwahl beeinflusst. Das Korpus wurde dem digitalen Referenzkorpus DeReKo (Das Deutsche Referenzkorpus) des IDS (Institut für deutsche Sprache) in Mannheim entnommen. Der Terminus Kollokation (lateinisch collocatio dt. Anordnung) wurde aus dem britischen Kontextualismus übernommen und steht für bevorzugte („habitualisierte“) Lexemverbindungen. Kollokationen sind mehr oder weniger feste Wortverbindungen, für deren gemeinsames Auftreten es normalerweise keine grammatischen (syntaktisch-semantischen) Gründe gibt. So wird im Deutschen die Handlung des Zähnesäuberns mit dem Verb putzen (sich die Zähne putzen), im Englischen mit dem Verb bürsten (to brush one’s teeth) und im Bosnischen mit dem Verb waschen (prati zube) ausgedrückt. Solche Wortverbindungen beruhen hauptsächlich auf wiederholter Verwendung bestimmter Lexemkombinationen, was dazu führt, dass ihr Gebrauch konventionalisiert wird. Anhand der Analyseergebnisse wurde festgestellt, dass das Ressort die Wahl der frequentesten Kollokatoren nicht beeinflusst. Weiters, kommen die meisten der frequentesten Kollokatoren aus dem semantischen Feld wie die Basis Leistung, was darauf hinweist, dass eine stärkere Verbindung zwischen der Basis und dem Kollokator als zwischen dem Ressort und dem Kollokator besteht. Im Korpus gibt es allerdings auch eine bestimmte Anzahl an Adjektiven, die aus demselben semantischen Feld wie das Ressort stammen und auf dessen Wahl das Ressort großen Einfluss gehabt haben muss. Weitere Forschungen an einem größeren Korpus könnten eine Antwort darauf geben, ob es bei diesen Adjektiven um ressorttypische Kollokatoren handelt. Ein bejahendes Ergebnis würde für eine Aufnahme solcher Kollokatoren in die Kollokationenwörterbücher sprechen.
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The question concerning how modern religion lesson should look like is still a current one and is often discussed by catechists. An important issue is to decide what kind of language to use in catechesis in order to reach the todayʼs youth. Therefore, in this article, there has been undertaken an attempt to present slang as a specific language which uses its own separate vocabulary and sometimes is understandable solely to a few. The language like that is being used by the todayʼs youth who wants to emphasize its independence. The religion teacher who stands in front of young people has to make a difficult decision whether to use slang to deliver important catechetical contents or not. The final question concerning the slang usage is still open for it has both its followers and opponents.
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