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“ A-” FİİLİ VE TÜREVLERİ

Author(s): Veysi Sevinçli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 15/2018

Turkish, has been followed up by written documents from the thirteenth century to the present day (20th century). The life of the languages; protecting its vitality, keeping up with the conditions of time, and being protected and possessed like a national fortune, depends on the institutions, organizations and individuals belonging to that language. The prosperity of the tongues and the disappearance of them are the same as those of interest. However, the voices to enrich the language, the harmony between the voices and the additions, roots and words they create are important factors. We also tried to emphasize the use of "a" as one of the voices that have an exceptional place in our language as the verb root and the meanings of the words it created. When we consider the meanings of the words directly or indirectly, almost all of these words have the function of "leaving". However, the function of parting, which is seen in verbs such as "to clarify, to be ignored" the verb is not as clear as the body. This shows that there is a slight shift in meaning in every word construction. In our work, based on the works written in various periods of the Turkish language, especially the TDK dictionary, and the works done on these works, these functions were introduced and explained. Nevertheless, it is not claimed here that all the derivatives derived from the mentioned radical (a-) are shown. The main point we see in these examinations is that sometimes "leaving" functions are seen in indirect expressions. This must be the richness of the Turkic.

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“Balık” Sözcüğü Üzerine

Author(s): Nesrin Güllüdağ / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2015

The smallest meaningful units of the sentence, words are the smallest meaningful parts of the tongue that enables people to communicate. The words, basic elements of tongue as a living being, change, develop or disappear in time. The word 'fish', which we encounter in the first examples of Köktürk scriptures, is a general name of the animal which reproduces in eggs, takes breath with gills, lives in water from the chordates, as it is explained in Turkish Dictionary. Fish is a word that has been used for about one thousand and two hundred centuries in Turkish language. In this study, the ‘fish’ has been analyzed within the works from the first written documents to today ones. The origin of ‘fish’ word has not been accepted mutually from the beginning of former period of Turkish language. Rather than revealing a certain view on the origin of this word, there are current viewpoints in this study. The usage of ‘fish’ word in meaning as city and as a fish, itself has been analyzed through its adventure for centuries by exemplifying historical texts. While some words mean many objects or concepts in tongue in the past, they can mean just one of them in time. Although the word was used both as “city” and “fish living in water” or “being injured” as a verb in the past, it has only kept the meaning of fish living in water today.

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“İRAN TÜRKLERİNİN ŞAHESERİ; ŞİKÂRİ DESTANI” KİTABININ TANITIMI

Author(s): Nabi Kobotarian,Rokaiyeh Azizpour / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 42/2019

The geography of Azerbaijan was divided into two by Russia and Iran with the agreement of Turkmençay and Gulistan. The development of the literary language of Azerbaijan Turkish continued in North Azerbaijan. In South Azerbaijan we see the intensity of oral literature. This region has attracted the attention of researchers recently. Şikari Epic is one of the important epics that is compiled and written in this region. The Iranian area was the source of the Anatolian and Kafkazlar epics. Scientific studies are continuing to gather rich oral literary culture in the region and to gain written literature. Şikari Epic, one of these products, was collected by us and introduced for the first time in 2008 at a symposium. İn 2013 TDK “compiling the Turkish world epics and transfer to the article” project with “İran Azerbaycanı Ashik Destanları I Shikari Destani.” In 2018, it was published by Azerbaijan National Folklore Institue in Azerbaijan Turkish.

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“ORTAQ TÜRKCƏ” PROBLEMİ: İDDİALAR və İMKANLAR

Author(s): Aysel Qəribli / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 41/2019

As it is known, today the problem of "common Turkic" or "common communication for all Turks" has emerged as an ideal for the creation of the "general Turkic literary language" at the end of XIX and beginning of the twentieth century. Many intellectuals were the supporters of the "general literary language", and different opinions were voiced by the same time. In the early years of the Soviet period, the issue of "general Turkic literary language", which was discussed almost without any ideological pressure, was not raised so far. There is a great deal of literature, different ideas and considerations in recent years üith the problem of “Common Turkic”.

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“OTURMAK” FİİLİNİN TÜRKÇEDE VE ÇİNCEDE ANLAM VE KULLANIM ŞEKİLLERİ YÖNÜNDEN SINIFLANDIRILMASI

Author(s): Mesut Keskin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 48/2018

The main purpose of this study is to typologically classify and reveal the common, similar, and distinctive aspects of the verb Turkish “Oturmak(sit)” and Chinese “zuò” in terms of their meanings and usage. In foreign language grammar books and other sources, usually the basic meaning which is ‘root’, is common while other forms in meaning and usage of “Oturmak(sit)” and “zuò” which are not exactly the same, but the similarities and differences are ignored. This generally leads Turkish students to use the meanings and forms of “Oturmak(sit)” in their native languages when they learn Chinese“zuò”. It can be stated that this study also aims to demonstrate the necessity of meanings and usage patterns of words in foreign language education, the similar and distinctive meanings as well as being considered as a benificial source to future studies in this area.

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“Ötürü”, “Ötrü” Edatlarinin Yapisi Ve Türk Dilindeki Görünümleri

Author(s): Serpil Ersöz / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 03/2017

The study is related to the origin of the preposition ötürü and the distribution areas of the prepositons of ötrü and ötürü. It is said that ötürü comes from ötrü in Old Turkic in many sources. But I think that ötürü in Turkey Turkish should have come from ötgürü in Old Turkic. In fact, Marcel Erdal had said that the prepositon ötürü in the Turkey Turkish was direclty related to ötgürü in Old Turkic long before. However it seems that this explanation has been neglected in the etimology studies. That is why the primary goal of the article is to make a reminder of this issue. The second aim in this study is to question whether there is a pattern in the distribution of prepositions ötrü, ötgürü>ötürü between the Turkic languages. As a result, the distribution of these prepositions between the Turkish dialects is found to be meaningful. In a very general sense, ötürü and ötrü is more common among the Oghuz dialects. More specifically, it was determined that ötürü is widely used to in western Oghuz dialects, ötrü is used in eastern Oghuz dialects. Ötürü is not seen in the Kipchak dialects at all, but ötrü is only found in Kipchak dialects in which there are many Oghuz language influences.

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“SŁOWNIK KARAIMSKO-ROSYJSKO-POLSKI*” ADLI ESERDE GEÇEN KARAY (KARAİM) ATASÖZLERİ VE BUNLARIN SES, ŞEKİL VE SÖZ VARLIĞI AÇISINDAN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Bülent Hünerli / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2018

Today, there are Turkish groups living under different states in different geographies. The religion of these Turkish groups has changed in parallel with this. Although there are a lot of people with a belief in Islam within the Turkish world, there are also Turks who believe in religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Judaism, Tengrism, etc. While the contribution of the different elements together, basically the Oghuz origin Turks from Turkey and Gagauzs can be given an example for this. The same is true for the Karaims, Krymchaks and Crimean-Tatars, where the Kipchak elements dominate.The Karays who adopted the Jewish faith apart from the Crimean-Tatars is considered as a continuation of the Khazars. Karaims, who previously lived in the Crimean Peninsula, has moved to other territories for various reasons. This migration led to the emergence of dialects (Crimea, Halich-Lutsk, Trakai) in the Karaim Turkish. Karaim Turkish, which is at one of the first place among the Turkish dialects that are missing, the first written works of Karaim Turkish was consisted of texts with Hebrew letters with religious content. Karay Turkish, which has a strong oral literary tradition, has many archaic features. Especially since it is transferred from generation to generation, it is possible to identify many archaic elements especially in proverbs composed of stereotypes. These archaic elements manifest themselves in voice, form and vocabulary. In our study, in the work, called “Słownık Karaımsko-Rosyjsko-Polskı” proverbs of Karaim Turks were removed from the headlines, latinized as transcripted and meanings of these have been showed in Turkey Turkish. Then the prominent elements of these proverbs in terms of voice, form and vocabulary, have given under certain headings.

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Један детаљ из проблематике: Турцизми у Вуковим рјечницима

Author(s): Asim Peco / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3-4/1986

In dieser Arbeit werden die Turzismen in den Wörterbüchern von Vuk Karadžić im Rahman der einheimischen und fremden Lexik in der serbokroatischen Sprache bearbeitet.

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Тюркологията в Софийския университет през ХХІ век

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Тюркологията в Софийския университет през ХХІ век

Author(s): Dimitar Vesselinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2018

The purpose of this study is to present the current situation in the field of Turkic Studies as of the beginning of the 21st century at the Turkic and Altaic Studies Department at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. This presentation has been achieved due to the methods of analysis and assessment of the academically approved monographic production of Bulgarian specialists in Turkish Language and Culture, being an objective mark for the advancement in Bulgarian philological science. The publications with monographic value outline the contemporary state of theoretical and applied philological studies, as each monography can be seen as philological evidence which has fixed a definite stage and aspect in the development of Turkic and Altaic Studies at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”.

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ТЮРКСКАТА R-/L-ТЕОРИЯ – ИСТОРИЧЕСКИ И ЕЗИКОВИ ПРОБЛЕМИ

Author(s): Hristo Saldzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

The present article deals with some of the many controversial aspects of the Turkic –l/-r theory concerning the origin and affiliation of the language of the so called “Danube Bulghars” (7th – 9th century. The theory in question is based on the hypothesis of supposed relative relationships between “Danube” and “Volga” Bulghars. However, contrary to these views accepted a priori in the modern Turkic studies there are a lot of evidences that bring in question the entire hypothesis: the appearance of the ethnonym “Bulghar” in the region of Volga is obviously connected with the oikonym “Bolgar” whose origin is unclear (it could be result of migration of some group with “Bulghar” identity or to be a local hidr onym of Finno-Ugric origin transformed to oikonym), the evidences of the early Arab author Ibn Fadlan who personally visited “Volga Bulghars” in 922 do not support the existing of “Bulghar ethnical identity” in the region of Volga at the beginning of the 10th century, just like the latter Volga-Kama inscriptions do not support the existing of similar identity in the period between 13th – 15th century, the clan names of and the titles used by the “Danube Bulghars” do not have any correspondences among “Volga Bulghars”, the attempts at etymologizing some “Danube Bulgharian” words as –l/-r correspondences to the Chuvash numerals and words which are based on “phonetic rules” refuted by the language traces - words and antroponyms, known from the language of the “Danube Bulghars”.

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Тюркские элементы в русской антропонимии

Author(s): Aleksandra Superanskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 27/1993

Niektóre nazwiska rosyjskie (Bashmakov) derywowane są od podstaw tureckich (bashmak), które są pożyczkami nazw pospolitych funkcjonujących jako imiona własne w języku rosyjskim. Inne nazwiska pochodzą z tzw. ukrytych turkizmów - starotureckich nazwisk rodowych i plemiennych, które tworzą odrębny typ imion własnych występujących wśród grup nomadycznych, np. nazwisko Balashov wywodzi się z ba las h. Delin z deli, Kasltov - z Kash itd. Niektóre z tych nazwisk sięgają wstecz do Chazarów. Kumanów, Pieczyngów i innych starszych grup etnicznych. Takie nazwiska rodowe mogą być czasem zbieżne z rosyjskimi imionami chrzestnymi: Kira - kira, Zol - zol. czy z pospolitymi nazwami rosyjskimi: borok. heg, barin. Nazwiska pochodzące z nazw rodowych tworzą zwykle liczebnie duże klasy: Shorov, Shorin, Shorikov, Shorkin, Shorikhin, Shorichev etc. Analiza semantyczna i onomastyczna jest pomocna w dochodzeniu do źródeł ich pochodzenia.

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Тюркские элементы в топонимии Южной Осетии

Author(s): Yuri Albertovich Dzitstsojty / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2021

In this paper, the Turkic elements in the toponymy of South Ossetia were analyzed. Most of these elements have never been previously studied. A brief survey of the history of the study of Turkisms in the toponymy of the region was performed. It was revealed that the proportion of South Ossetian Turkisms is very insignificant: they account for less than 1% of the total number of toponyms of South Ossetia. Here, it should be emphasized that the study of South Ossetian toponymy and, in particular, Turkisms is at the early stage and, therefore, other Turkisms may be discovered in the future. In the toponymy of North Ossetia, there are many more Turkisms, which is explained by the direct Ossetian-Turkic contacts in the North Caucasus without the participation of the ancestors of South Ossetians. A total of 20 toponyms, all borrowed from the Turkic languages, were analyzed. These are mainly names associated with livestock life, as well as names reflecting the realities of mountain landscapes and water objects. The identified Turkisms in the toponymy of South Ossetia, with rare exceptions, do not occur in the toponymy or dialects of North Ossetia, thereby indicating their independent appearance due to the partial infiltration of the Turkic ethnic element into the territory of South Ossetia.

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Университетското обучение по турски език в България – aктуално състояние и перспективи

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Университетското обучение по турски език в България – aктуално състояние и перспективи

Author(s): Milena Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The paper discusses the history of Turkish language education in Bulgaria and focuses on current practices in Turkish language teaching at universities. It considers the reasons for necessity of language training and of qualified specialists in Turkish or Turkic Studies in the country.

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УСТНОЕ НАРОДНОЕ ТВОРЧЕСТВО КАК ВАЖНЫЙ ФАКТОР В OБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ И ВОСПИТАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ ПОДРАСТАЮЩЕГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ

Author(s): İzzet Efendiyev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 07/2013

In this article, is defined types of oral folk creativity, the parallels between them in Russian, Turkish and Azerbaijani languages and distinguishing characteristics are determined; is emphasized the role and importance of folklore education and upbringing of the younger generation.

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Фонетико-морфологична и семантична адаптация на общите лексикални елементи от турски произход в българския и във френския език

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Фонетико-морфологична и семантична адаптация на общите лексикални елементи от турски произход в българския и във френския език

Author(s): Milena Yordanova,Dimitar Vesselinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The intrusion of Turkic words into different languages is long and complex process that requires serious and in-depth analysis of the extracted material. The analysis of common borrowings in two languages from different groups (Bulgarian and French) requires a complex approach based on the comparative empruntology between lexical elements of agglutinating language, passed into two Indo-European languages, representatives of the Slavic and Romance groups. The aim of the study is to track the phonetic and grammatical changes that occurred during the penetration of Turkic words in Bulgarian and French and outline the thematic fields and the changes in their semantics

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Фонетические преобразования в позициях сандхи в тувинских аналитических конструкциях

Author(s): Iraida Jacovlevna Selyutina,Tatiana Ryzhikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 03 (26)/2017

The article is devoted to the study of sound transformations occurring in the triple adverbial participle analytic constructions (AC) of the Tuvan language. The analysis of phonetic changes in the position of the sandhi — external (anlaut and auslaut) and internal (morphemic boundaries) allows to make conjectures about the processes of intra-language synthesis. The results of auditive observations revealed three classes of AC, which differ in location of the external pause between words, which plays an important role in the process of phonetic changes. The most frequent phonetic change in Tuvan AC in the positions of external and internal sandhi is the loss of the affix of the adverbial participle =(y)p reduction which occurs due to the loss of its informativity as a part of AC. In the cases where this affix is stored, it mostly performs the function of an interfix. Elimination in 1st class ACs (V1 + V2 + V3) of the pauses between words, which in other classes perform a delimitative function between the components of AC, indicates greater activity of the process of synthesis of components of triple complexes of the 1st class compared to AC-2 (V1 /=/ V2 + V3) and AC-3 (V1 + V2 /=/ V3 (+ L)) classes, where the phonetic transformation are at an initial stage. In the materials on Tuvan language presented in the article various stages of the process of morphological simplification are recorded. This process is the result of truncation of some part of a complex analytic form, which some Turkic languages have already experienced.

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ФОНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ПРОЦЕССА ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА ТУРЕЦКИМ СТУДЕНТАМ

Author(s): Zulfiya Şahin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 11/2014

The article considers the phonetic peculiarities of the formation process of the Russian language listening and pronunciation skills among Turkish students, beside this, is paying attention to the process of cross-language interference and inconsistencies of the two language phonetic systems. Highlighting inconsistencies, the author tries to point out the main causes of phonetic disorders in relation to the Russian pronouncing standards. Along with this article provides recommendations for setting sounds of the Russian language.

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Фонетични особености на съгласните в турския говор на село Венец – Шуменско

Author(s): Byulent Kardzhala / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article presents a study of the Turkish dialect spoken by the inhabitants of the village of Venets, municipality of Venets, Shumen region. It describes the characteristics of the studied Turkish dialect, existing and developing in a dialect medium, typical of the Misian Turkish dialect, mainly at a phonetic level as most typical representation of speech, the interaction of consonants and the phonetic phenomena related to them. With respect to the aim of the study, more attention is paid to the phonetic characteristics of the dialect, which distinguish it from the literary Turkish language. With regards to phonetics, the focus was not so much on individual words, but to phenomena contained in these words. The main methods of investigation were auditory analysis and transcription. The realization of the consonants in the speech is described. The transcription used in the study is based on the transcription, traditionally used in the Bulgarian Turkology.

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Хакасские прилагательные на -кы ~ -гы (дополнение к статье А. В. Дыбо, Ф. С. Крылова, В. С. Мальцевой и А. В. Шеймович «Сегментные правила в автоматическом парсере Корпуса хакасского языка»)

Author(s): Ilya B. Itkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (32)/2019

В статье А. В. Дыбо, Ф. С. Крылова, В. С. Мальцевой и А. В. Шеймович (далее ― «А. В. Дыбо с со- авторами») «Сегментные правила в автоматическом парсере Корпуса хакасского языка», опубликованной в настоящем номере журнала «Урало-алтайские исследования», рассматривается, в частности, явление, которое авторы статьи интерпретируют как нестандартную морфонологическую вариативность хакас- ского адъективного суффикса -КЫ: после основ с исходом на сонорный прилагательные (обычные и субстантивированные) могут принимать как морф -хы ~ -кi, так и морф -ғы ~ -гi. А. В. Дыбо с соавтора- ми высказывают гипотезу о возможной зависимости выбора звонкого или глухого варианта суффикса от конечного согласного основы («глухой вариант выступает в подавляющем большинстве случаев после р 〈…〉, единично после н 〈…〉; звонкий вариант выступает редко после р 〈…〉, обычно после других сонор- ных и й 〈…〉» — см. сноску 18 на с. 58) и подчеркивают, что «[п]роблема нуждается в дальнейшем изучении» [Там же].

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Хасан Ерен – от Видин до върховете на тюркологията

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Хасан Ерен – от Видин до върховете на тюркологията

Author(s): Sadik Haci / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The study follows the life and scientific trajectories of the turkologist Hasan Eren from the town of Vidin, lecturer at the University of Ankara, editor and author of various dictionaries, including the first etymological dictionary of the Turkish language. It traces the preparation and growth of the world-famous Turkish linguist and lexicologist, who left Bulgaria to study and after his exceptional training among Hungarian orientalists such as Gyula Németh he grew up as one of the most famous Turkish scholars in the field of llinguistics.This study presents the conditions and possibilities for Turkish intelligentsia in Bulgaria in the twentieth century.

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