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Bir Kimlik İşaretleyicisi Olarak Dil ve Trabzon Ağızlarında Arkaik Hususiyetler

Bir Kimlik İşaretleyicisi Olarak Dil ve Trabzon Ağızlarında Arkaik Hususiyetler

Author(s): A. Mevhibe Coşar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2015

Some phonetic and formal characteristics and certain vocabulary elements of Trabzon dialects today may seem unusual in comparison with the standard language. Characteristics of this kind include the use of “k” instead of “g”, “t” instead of “d”, “p” instead of “b” in the beginning of the word; violation of flat-round vowel harmony rule; the case of the sound /ng/; the preservation of the consonant b- in the first sound; the use of copulas with inversion; binary verb forms. Thus Trabzon dialects present a highly interesting point as they preserve phonetic characteristics which can be traced back to the Ancient Turkish and they partially reflect changes and developments in Turkish language through different historical time periods. This matter connects Trabzon dialects to Turkish language of archaic times based on the vocabulary and phonetic characteristics of these dialects. Despite the undisputed impact of mass media and the wide education opportunities, it is possible to state that Trabzon dialects are the subject of study representing different kinds of changes and developments of Turkish language throughout history.

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RE-READING AND RE-INTERPRETATION OF SOME OF THE YENISEI INSCRIPTIONS

Author(s): Hatice Şirin User / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

In this paper, three re-readings and re-interpretations are put forward concerning a few lines of the Yenisei inscriptions. (1) Line 3 of the 3rd Elegešt inscription (E-53) is transcribed as kök t(ä)ŋr(i)- dä bul(ı)t k(ä)ru (a)lk(ı)nur törüm(i)š and understood as “The cloud(s) became visible in the blue sky to disappear over again”. (2) The 10th line of the Abakan inscription (E-48) is transcribed as (ä)rdämi b(a)r üč(ü)n (a)k(ı)nınta : kü tutup : (a)tka t(ä)gm(i)š b(ä)g(i)m : (ä)siz : (ä)r b(a)šı yıta (a)č(ıg)-a and interpreted as “In consequence of his virtue he achieved reputation in his battle. Alas my beg! What a pity! Commander! Alas! Pity!”. (3) The 14th line of the same Abakan inscription (E-48) is transcribed as y(e)ti urı ogl(u)ŋ(u)zka : bükm(ä)d(ü)k : k(a)ŋ(ı)č(ı)m : (a)lp kuščı (a)bčı tüš(ü)rg(ä)k (ä)rt(i)ŋ(i)z tolkı t(a)š(ı)n b(ä)ŋkü tik(ä)r m(ä)n yıta and interpreted as “Daddy who passed away without having enough of his seven sons! You were a brave fowler and a hunter! You were the dexterous hunter! I am erecting the massive stone as beŋkü (or I am erecting beŋkü with the massive stone)”.

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MODALITY IN THE DEDE QORQUD OĠUZNAMELERI

Author(s): Julian Rentzsch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2011

The Dede Qorqud Oġuznameleri are a collection of heroic stories in a Middle Oghuz variety with Eastern Anatolian linguistic features that distinguish this text pronouncedly from contemporaneous texts in Ottoman Turkish sensu proprio. This contribution examines the expressions of modality attested in this text. It establishes an inventory of the morphological and morpho-syntactic items expressing modal notions such as event modality, epistemic modality and the moods, and addresses diachronic as well as typological issues. All types of modal expressions found in the text are illustrated by examples.

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Uloga koncepta ‘otvorenosti’ u strukturiranju turskog i hrvatskog vokabulara: kontrastivna analiza

Uloga koncepta ‘otvorenosti’ u strukturiranju turskog i hrvatskog vokabulara: kontrastivna analiza

Author(s): Barbara Kerovec / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 13/2016

The paper explores the role of the concept ‘openness’ in structuring of Turkish and Croatian vocabulary by analyzing different meanings of lexemes which primarily denote concrete, physical openness. The analysis aims to show how different meanings of these lexemes are interrelated and which experiential domains they are related to. Being guided by one of the fundamental thesis of Cognitive Linguistics according to which polysemy reflects the way we categorize our knowledge and conceptualize the world we live in, the paper points to similarities and differences between the two languages with respect to the importance that the concept ‘openness’ has in conceptualizing of other, less concrete and abstract experiences. It also addresses the ways these experiences are lexicalized by taking into account typological differences between the two languages.

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SINTAKTIČKA ANALIZA REČENICA S NECESITATIVNIM ZNAČENJEM U TURSKOME JEZIKU

SINTAKTIČKA ANALIZA REČENICA S NECESITATIVNIM ZNAČENJEM U TURSKOME JEZIKU

Author(s): Mirza Bašić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

The need for performing some actions can be expressed by various lexical-syntactic constructions in Turkish language, and there is no single opinion on the syntactic analysis of such examples in Turkish literature. The primary aim of the paper is to try to resolve the dilemma of how to syntactically analyze Turkish sentences with a necessitous meaning. By analyzing specific examples, it will be attempted to point out the fact of how the functional-semantic equivalents of Turkish sentences with necessitous meaning are expressed in Bosnian language.

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Harf İnkılabı Sonrası Adana’da Açılan Millet Mektepleri ve Faaliyetleri (1928-1935)

Harf İnkılabı Sonrası Adana’da Açılan Millet Mektepleri ve Faaliyetleri (1928-1935)

Author(s): Erdem Çanak,Ahmet Yeşil / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 06/2015

The Republic of Turkey, was established after a long struggle for independence under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Therefore, Atatürk named the new regime after the country gained its independence. Some reforms were introduced to educate individuals who adopted the values of the regime and for the society to accept those values. “Turkish Alphabet Reform” is one of those reforms. Latin Alphabet replaced the Arabic script which had been used for many centuries. With this reform, the debate of alphabet reform, which started during the final years of the Ottoman Empire, had come to a conclusion. However, it was necessary to teach this new alphabet to each and every citizen. For his purpose “National Schools” were established, beginning on 1 January 1929. In these schools, the new alphabet was taught to the citizens of ages between 16 and 45. Also taught in these schools, were the information individuals would need in their daily life. These schools raised individuals, not only who could read and write but also raised citizens who adopted the republican ideals and who are entirely self sufficient. Adana is one of the cities where National Schools were opened. This study examines the activities of the National Schools opened in Adana.

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TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ İLE KIRGIZ TÜRKÇESİNDEKİ ORTAK KELİMELER ÜZERİNE GENEL BİR
DEĞERLENDİRME

TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİ İLE KIRGIZ TÜRKÇESİNDEKİ ORTAK KELİMELER ÜZERİNE GENEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Author(s): Roza Abdikulova / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2013

Since receiving the sovereignty Kyrgyzstan has been continuing collaborative work with the Republic of Turkey in terms of policy, economy and culture. Today, schools, colleges, universities, and firms opened by Turkey are continuing to work in Kyrgyzstan. The language is the most important element that plays major role in providing interpersonal communication and joint operation. In spite of the same language origin, one can still encounter with difficulties in learning the Turkish and Kyrgyz languages. The Kyrgyz before learning the Turkish language isn’t still aware of the fact that there are a lot of Turkish words in Kyrgyz vocabulary. The same situation can be said for the Turks. Being considered that the joint works in all areas will be useful for both countries, the researches on list of the words having same meaning in both languages and on their meaning have been done. This study has been published as a dictionary. There are about five thousand common words of both languages in this dictionary. While the contents of this dictionary is being described, the common words of these affinity languages will be discussed.

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КОДЫ КУЛЬТУРЫ КАК ОДНО ИЗ ОСНОВНЫХ ПОНЯТИЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИИ
(НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ С КОМПОНЕТОМ «КАМЕНЬ» и «ВЕТЕР» В РУССКОМ И ТУРЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ)

КОДЫ КУЛЬТУРЫ КАК ОДНО ИЗ ОСНОВНЫХ ПОНЯТИЙ ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ С КОМПОНЕТОМ «КАМЕНЬ» и «ВЕТЕР» В РУССКОМ И ТУРЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ)

Author(s): Hakan Saraç / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

This article is considered the phenomena of language and culture from the perspective of linguoculturology, defined the conception of "culture code", analyzed the semantics and functioning of such units of the natural-landscape of code as "Stone" and "Wind" in Russian and Turkish linguo-culturrs.

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Русский речевой этикет в формате национально ориентированного учебника РКИ

Author(s): Olga Klimkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 38/2018

The article is devoted to the presentation of a new textbook on Russian speech etiquette for Turkish language students. The book was designed subject to the theory and practice of the national - oriented textbook aimed at teaching the Russian language in Turkish institutes of higher education. A general concept is stated, the textbook’s principles and objectives are formulated, and the lesson’s structure is described. The textbook presents nation-specific stereotypical expressions - etiquette formulas of Russian speech. The training material reflects the main points of everyday communication: greeting / farewell, acquaintance, making a request, gratitude, apology, compliment or advice, invitation, congratulation, approval, regret, warning, doubt or consent in the words of the interlocutor. The logic of topic presentation is subject to situational expediency and relevance from the point of view of the novice communicant. In many cases, the etiquette formulas are accompanied by situational and / or linguistic commentary including country study. All speech patterns are given in pairs of equivalent expressions in Turkish. Transcription based on the Turkish alphabet helps to learn the lexical material in phonetically correct form. Training tasks, in addition to solving the main problem - formation of communicative competence - give the first idea of the preposition-case system of the Russian language, general features of Russian word formation and pronunciation, as well as expand the vocabulary of students. The explanation of grammatical and phonetic phenomena is based on the parallels and comparisons, taking into account the peculiarities of the native language of students. The represented book is considered as an important part of teaching the Russian language during the start - up stage.

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ANLAM DEĞİŞMELERİ VE KULLANIM ALANLARI YÖNÜNDEN TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE TUZ

ANLAM DEĞİŞMELERİ VE KULLANIM ALANLARI YÖNÜNDEN TÜRK KÜLTÜRÜNDE TUZ

Author(s): Osman Esin / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2017

Salt is a vital substance in terms of human health and has quite a wide usage area. The word “salt” is used in the form of “salt” in general, although sometimes it can occur in different forms phonetically and morphologically in the historical and contemporary Turkish dialects. Salt, which is a flavoring substance and believed to play an active role in creation, has been considered a precious and holy substance and a rich sense of meaning has formed around it. Initially describing a single concept, the word has gradually gained new meanings and reflected multiple concepts due to the changes and people’s spiritual moods in the social life. Apart from its actual meaning, “salt” has also metaphorical meanings such as “beautiful, beauty, dear and charming”. Furthermore, the word has been included in manners of speaking such as idioms and proverbs and used to facilitate reflecting the lifestyles, worldviews, traditions, customs and beliefs in the Turkish society. There is no doubt that a language can survive and continue its existence only by finding counterparts for new concepts. New words are derived as a result of the need for them. The unique nature of each society’s lifestyle is a decisive factor in meeting this requirement. Expansion in the sense of the word “salt” also brought forward the necessity for new words. In this respect, many words derived from the stem “salt” were added to Turkish and the new concepts or objects that fall into the meaning of “salt” were represented by its derivatives. This article focuses on the changes in the meaning and usage of “salt” and aims to express the richness added by it to the lexicon of Turkish.

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Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk Adlı Eserin Tamamlanmasının 940. Yıldönümü: Şarkiyatçı, Tarihçi, Antropolog Prof. Dr. Tınçtıkbek K. Çorotegin’in Araştırmaları

Dîvânu Lugâti't-Türk Adlı Eserin Tamamlanmasının 940. Yıldönümü: Şarkiyatçı, Tarihçi, Antropolog Prof. Dr. Tınçtıkbek K. Çorotegin’in Araştırmaları

Author(s): Olcobay Karatayev,Mehmet Serhat Yılmaz,Cevdet Yakuboğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2017

The review of: “Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk” by Mahmud Kaşgarî Barskanî.

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1595 Tarihli Defter-i Mufassal-ı Livâ-i Ahısha’da Geçen Türkçe Kökenli Kişi Adları Üzerine

1595 Tarihli Defter-i Mufassal-ı Livâ-i Ahısha’da Geçen Türkçe Kökenli Kişi Adları Üzerine

Author(s): Sinan Uyğur / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Spec.issue/2017

One copy of this book that was made about in 1595 is in the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre in Ankara and another one is in Sakartvelos Sahelmtzebi Muzeumi in Tbilisi just after following the conquest of Ahiska whose Muslim people were exiled in 1944 and it was conquered by Ottomans in 1578 and occupied by Russians in 1828. The book both has an important place in historical researches in the way of showing that the economic and civilian administration structuring of the region and inclusion of the names of the taxpayers makes it valuable from the point of Turkish language and culture. However, the names of rich person in the book have been evaluated superficially by those who have not been experts before, and have been made inferences about the ethnic structure of the region based on these names in the book. We will examine these previous studies about the book and discuss the names of the Turkish people recorded in the book from the point of phonetics of the historical Turkish dialects, morphology and vocabulary, and will be emphasized on these names that bear trace which of Turkish dialects.

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İRAN (AZERBAYCAN) AĞIZLARINDA BELİRTME DURUM EKLERİ

İRAN (AZERBAYCAN) AĞIZLARINDA BELİRTME DURUM EKLERİ

Author(s): Meltem Gül / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 08/2013

Iran is a very important region in terms of Turkish language and culture. Today, there are some areas where the Ottoman and Azeri Turkish, which are branches of western Turkish, are spoken in Iran region. There are pronunciation and phonetic differences among them and Turkey-Turkish. The morphological differences are negligible. Studies in Turkey on determination of these differences are insufficient at the moment. A few master and doctoral theses have been written on Azerbaijan dialects in Turkey. Old Oghuz sound and shape properties live in Iran dialects. Therefore, the different grammatical structures appear in spoken languages in a remarkable way. In Turkey Turkish designator suffix is created by using + I for vowels and using + sI for constants. In Iran's Azerbaijan dialects the different uses of this suffix is seen. In this study, the accusative case suffixes created by + I, + n, + nI in Iran’s Hamedan and Salmas regions presented. In addition, this study also put forward similar and differing aspects of the accusative case suffixes with Turkey Turkish. Therefore, firstly the accusative case suffixes in Azerbaijan dialects were examined and exemplified. Similar uses and the different uses were specified and exemplified. Studies on Azerbaijan dialects in Iran will be a very important step for the studies on Oghuz. Studies in this field will contribute Turkish Language. This study will contribute the studies on the Comparative Turkish Grammar and will provide important contributions to the lexicon of Turkish tribes’ dialects.

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Vergina Güneşi, Çiftbaşlı Kartal ve Türk Hilalî Arasında Bitmeyen Mücadele: Makedonya Torbeşleri

Author(s): Fahri Türk / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2018

This study analyses how and to what purpose the concept “Torbesh” is used in Macedonia. Within this context the efforts of the Macedonian government for creating an authentic Muslim Macedonian identity in the aftermath of the Second World War has explored in a retrospective point of view, that is reflected in founding of Manifest of Culture and Science of Muslim Macedonians under the leadership of Niyazi Limanowski in 1979. This process shifted in a new and different stage with the foundation of Association of Macedonian Muslims after the passing away of Limanowski. The leader of the last mentioned association Ismail Boyda pursues a policy aimed at not only Macedonians of Macedonia but also regarding the Macedonians in the neighbouring countries including Turkey. The aim of this research work is to focus on the activities of the Association of Muslim Macedonians towards outside Torbeshes and on their participation in the political life of the country as well. Moreover, this research work deals with Torbeshes and their attitude towards Turkish as a construction language, which is not analysed adequately in other scientific surveys.

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Historiography and language in 17th-century Ottoman Kurdistan: A study of two Turkish translations of the Sharafnāma

Historiography and language in 17th-century Ottoman Kurdistan: A study of two Turkish translations of the Sharafnāma

Author(s): Sacha Alsancakli / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

In the closing decades of the 11th/17th century, two Turkish translations of the Sharafnāma were produced in the Kurdish princely courts of Bidlīs and Pālū. The translators were Muḥammad Bēg b. Aḥmad Bēg, a great-great-grandson of Sharaf Khān II, the author of the work, and Sham‘ī, a secretary at the court of Amīr Yanṣūr Bēg, prince of Pālū. While their works differed in style and purpose, both men offered a reflection on the demise of Persian and increasing prestige of Turkish in Ottoman Kurdistan. In the case of Sham‘ī, this was supplemented by a more general observation on the various languages of the region. Evidence also suggests that while Persian was replaced by Turkish in the princely courts of Ottoman Kurdistan, some Kurdish literati and scholars instead chose to write part of their works in Kurdish. This article is a comparative study of Muḥammad Bēg and Sham‘ī’s translations, followed by a brief analysis of the associated sociolinguistic developments.

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Turul szavunk művelődéstörténeti hátteréhez

Turul szavunk művelődéstörténeti hátteréhez

Author(s): Balázs Sudár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 04/2017

According to the chronicle of Simon Kézai (written in the 1280s), the turul was the emblem of pagan Hungarian rulers. Yet the word did not become part of the Hungarian language; it was rediscovered in the 19th century only. It clearly originated from one of the Turkish languages. Since it is not used by the Turkish languages either, and it hardly occurs in historical texts, with the exception of the earliest Muslim manuals of falconry, it very probably belongs to the early Uyghur-Oghuz world, and thus to a minor, clearly distinguishable section of the Turks.

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Wiele hałasu o karalucha (niem. Schwabe i ros. Прусак, таракан) ‒ studium z etymologii i motywacji semantycznej

Wiele hałasu o karalucha (niem. Schwabe i ros. Прусак, таракан) ‒ studium z etymologii i motywacji semantycznej

Author(s): Marek Stachowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 162/2018

Much ink has been spilled on the sources and history of various names for various species of cockroach. The present author discusses some of them and his main aim is to clear up at least some aspects of what has hitherto been suggested in studies concerning Russian tarakan.

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MÜXTƏLİF PEŞƏLƏRLƏ BAĞLI LEKSİK VAHİDLƏR və ONLARIN TÜRK DİLLƏRİNİN
DİALEKTLƏRİNƏ İNTEQRASİYASI

MÜXTƏLİF PEŞƏLƏRLƏ BAĞLI LEKSİK VAHİDLƏR və ONLARIN TÜRK DİLLƏRİNİN DİALEKTLƏRİNƏ İNTEQRASİYASI

Author(s): Mahirə Hüseynova / Language(s): Azerbaijani Issue: 40/2018

The lexical units related to various professions and their integration into the dialects of the Turkic languages were first included in this article. The dialect system of the Turkish language has a unique place in the lexical units related to different art and profession, and we have to consider some of them considering the scope of this article. Usually, such dialect, poetry, mouth-words are quite common in the dialects of Turkic languages. The article focuses on comparisons, comparisons, and some of them have appeared in the dialectal domains. The dialect words related to various professions also played a special role in enriching the lexicalsemantic potential of Turkic languages, and the words from this tribe could not have been a subject of special research. Because of the development of the society, there is a great need for lexical units of this tribal tribe to study in monographical aspect.

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On Evidentialiy, Particularly in Turkish

On Evidentialiy, Particularly in Turkish

Author(s): Goran Pavelić / Language(s): English Issue: 67/2018

This informative survey is about the (sub)category of evidentiality, its essential morpho-syntactic features, its areal distribution and linguistic researches in evidentiality. Examples from 22 languages are provided. Then follows the description of evidentiality in Turkic languages, characterized by semantic-pragmatic domain of indirectivity. There are 8 examples from extinct and contemporary Turkic languages. The survey continues with the basic evidential differences of indirectivity in contemporary Turkish. Pragmatic importance of evidentiality is visible in discourse, in mirative expressions and in various narrative genres. There are 29 examples from Turkish. The survey ends with an offer to reader to make her/his decision whether evidentiality is a category or a sub-category. Three different opinions from recent literature are briefly exposed.

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Pojave tursko-srpskohrvatske jezičke interferencije

Pojave tursko-srpskohrvatske jezičke interferencije

Author(s): Alois Schmaus / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/1968

Ausser zahlreichen Lehnwörtern und Redewendungen („Turzismen"), die in den Jahrhunderten osmcnischer Herrschaft in die Balkansprachen eingedrungen sind und denen bisher das Hauptinteresse der Forschung galt, haben diese Sprachen ihre grammatische Struktur im wesentlichen unversehrt bewahren können. Immerhin kam es dort, wo der türkische Einfluss besonders stark wirkte, zu Interferenzerscheinungen im Bereich der Phonologie, Morphologie und Syntax, so vor allem in den muslimischen Zentren von Bosnien und Herzegovina. Hierher gehört — abgesehen von der Phonematisierung des di — der Ausgleich bzw. Zusammenfall der palatalen (ć — đ) und nichtpalatalen Affrikaten (č — dž) und in einer späteren Phase, aber nicht mehr zu Ende geführt, die neuerliche Differenzierung nach türkischem Vorbild (für tk. k’— g , ç — c ) in Verschlusslaute k — g, und Affrikaten č — đ, so dass sich Dubletten vom Typ äerdan: gerdan ergaben. Gegenüber dem tk. Doppelsuffix -çi, -ci, (progressive Assimilation), wie es sich in Bosnien-Herzegovina vielfach erhalten hat (inačija), hat sich im übrigen štokavischeii Gebiet erst nach Ablösung und Verselbständigung der Suffixform -diija das skr. Gesetz der regressiven Assimilation durchgesetzt (inadiija). Im Bereich der Morphologie ist die auffälligste Erscheinung die Vermehrung der Indeklinabilia, besonders der Adjektiva auf -U. Das Fehlen der Motion erlegte dem Gebrauch gewisse Beschränkungen auf: attributiv gebraucht, können sie nur vor dem Substantiv stehen, prädikativ werden sie nur ausnahmsweise verwendet. Während andere tk. Adjektiva auf Grund ihrer Form (bajal) oder nach Erweiterung durch eigensprachliche Suffixe ( ćor-av, bakr-en) ihre Wortart eindeutig bestimmten und damit rasch in die morphologische Struktur integriert wurden, beweisen hybride Bildungen mit -li (slrukali, modali), dass die Formen aut -li zwar als Adjektiva aufgefasst wurden (wohl wegen des Nebeneinanders von demir-kapija: demirli pendier), aber den erwähnten Beschränkungen unterworfen blieben. Dagegen schwanken konsonantisch auslautende tk. Adjektiva vielfach zwischen Adjektiv und Substantiv (haki'. uz: batli: batlija; dinsitz, sariioš), da sie in ihrer Form an mask. Substantiva erinnern. Bei Nachstellung der Adjektiva auf -li wird — wohl nach dem Typ hadii- 4- Name: (selbständig) hadiija — nur die erweiterte Form auf -Hja verwendet, die zwar nicht den Wechsel des Genus, aber mit ihrer substantivischen Deklination die Bezeichnung des Numerus und Kasus gestattet (ćurak samurlija). Aber die Form auf -lija wird aus dem eigenen Sprachgefühl leicht als Substantiv empfunden und neigt daher dazu, sich als solches, meist mit einer spezifischen Bedeutung, zu verselbständigen (čardaklija, ođžakltja, kapullija). In der Syntax wären ausser Interjektionen, Partikeln und Konjunktionen besonders für die Gestaltung der umgangssprachlichen expressiven Rede vor allem die sogenannten „phraseologischen Verba” zu erwähnen, Nach tk. Muster (Abstraktum + etinek, eylemek) bildet man r rieh skr. Umschreibungen wie seir učimti (eig.: 'Betrachtung anstellen'; tk. seyir) und konstruiert sie — wiederum nach türkischem Vorbild — genau wie regelrechte transitive Verba (seiriti) mit Akkusativobjekt. In allen diesen Fällen hat die intensive Wirkung der „Modell” spra che sogar die Struktur der Empfängersprache beeinflusst, vor allem in Gebieten mit stärkerer mohammedanischer Bevölkerung und ausgeprägterem Bilinguismus. Der Einfluss war nicht so tiefgehend und nachhaltig, dass er die eigene Sprachstru-ktur auf die Dauer empfindlicher gestört hätte. Vieles davon ist verhältnismässig rasch wieder rückgängig gemacht worden. Trotzdem verdienen Interferenzphänomene dieser Art unsere volle Aufmerksamkeit, da sie eine richtigere Vorstellung von der Dynamik sprachlicher Kontaktprozesse, von der aktiven Rolle beider Partner in der Auseinandersetzung zweier grundverschiedener sprachlicher Systeme vermitteln.

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