Obtížný Boj s Mezinárodní Organizovanou Kriminalitou v ČR

Author(s): Miroslav Nožina / Language(s): Czech

Entry into the democratic world has also been a step in the world of international crime, which today operates in global dimensions. The local underworld in the Czech Republic is confronted with criminal groups from the territory of the former Soviet Union, the Balkans, Italy and Western Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa and together with them creates a new, much more developed "crime industry". Organized crime tends to "buy" top politicians, civil servants, police officers, and thus ensure inviolability, create parallel criminal economies, expand abroad. Czech security policy is often unable to respond effectively to this changed situation.

Jak dál v jaderném odzbrojování

Author(s): Miroslav Tůma / Language(s): Czech

Policy paper upozorňuje na možnost zpomalení jaderněodzbrojovacího procesu, rozebírá hlavní důvody tohoto vývoje z hlediska řešení některých kontroverzních otázek a připomíná nutnost zvýšené aktivity nejaderných států k dosažení vize světa bez jaderných zbraní. S přihlédnutím k úspěšné pražské dubnové konferenci „The Prague Agenda – the Way Forward“ a získanému kreditu by proto bylo pro českou zahraniční politiku žádoucí aktivněji se zapojovat na různých odzbrojovacích fórech do vytvářených iniciativ, případně přicházet s vlastními návrhy. Oblasti možného zapojení do jaderněodzbrojovacího procesu zahrnují: sjednání smluv zakazujících použití jaderných zbraní a militarizaci vesmíru; urychlení vstupu smlouvy CTBT v platnost s důrazem na pozitivní dopad ratifikace této smlouvy Senátem USA; transparentnost, včetně vytvoření registru jaderných zbraní a štěpného materiálu Významnou úlohu by také sehrálo aktivní působení české zahraniční politiky ve prospěch svolání blízkovýchodní konference v r. 2012 s účastí všech zemí tohoto krizového regionu.

Inside Ukraine, № 2016 - 62 (Special Issue)

Author(s): Viacheslav Holub,Vasyl Povoroznyk,Anatoliy Oktysiuk,Yevhen Yaroshenko / Language(s): English

Public Policies: Implementation of reforms in 2016: achievements and failures // Economic Analysis: Economic trends and forecasts for 2017 // Political Competition: The analysis of risks and opportunities for development of the political situation in 2017 // Foreign Policy: Outcomes of Ukraine’s foreign policy in 2016

Inside Ukraine, № 2017 - 65

Author(s): Anatoliy Oktysiuk,Veronika Shygirt,Vasyl Povoroznyk / Language(s): English

Public Policies: Prospects for establishment of Anti-Corruption Court // Economic Analysis: Privatization in Ukraine: Problems and Prospects // Political Competition: High-profile criminal cases: fight against corruption or redivision of influence spheres?

Krivično djelo korupcije: Slabosti i nedorečenosti postojećih zakonskih rješenja na nivou Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Jasmin Hasić / Language(s): Bosnian

Krivična djela korupcije se tretiraju kao jedan od najozbiljnijih i najučestalijih delikata u modernom društvu. Korupcija ostavlja ozbiljne posljedice u društvu i ekonomiji, te može imati negativan efekat po legitimnost državne vlasti (Seligson, 2006). Kao aktualna i sveprisutna globalna pojava, korupcija je jedan od osnovnih oblika udara na službene dužnosti. Ona je usko povezana sa organiziranim kriminalom, te se često veže za ilegalne finansijske transakcije povodom krijumčarenja droga, ljudi, oružja, nuklearnog materijala, ekološki opasnih otpada i dr.; o ovome svjedoče brojna istraživanja i naučne studije. Osim toga, korupcija se može javiti kao rezultat djelovanja više različitih faktora. Prvi je monopolizirajući učinak tržišta kapitala, odnosno kada se kod državnih institucija pojavi interes da određene usluge obavlja samo ograničeni broj privatnih subjekata. Drugi je široka diskrecija u rukama pojedinaca ili rukovodećih službenika u različitim institucijama i organizacijama. Treći je nedostatak transparentnosti, dok je četvrti asimetrija pravnog, upravnog, privrednog i političkog sistema u zemlji. Stoga je u svakoj analizi korupcije neophodno uzeti u obzir osnovne indikatore za njeno praćenje i suzbijanje. Socijalni troškovi korupcije uključuju neefikasnost sistema naplate državnih taksi, neravnomjernu raspodjelu javnog budžeta, te postepeno urušavanje pravnog sistema. Općenito, negativni uticaj korupcije se ogleda u smanjenju investicija i usporenom privrednom rastu zemlje. U užem smislu, korupciju je moguće posmatrati kao: radnje male administrativne korupcije, tj. podmićivanje službenika i odgovornih lica, zloupotrebu ovlasti, zloupotrebu javnih sredstava, tj. pronevjeru javnih fondova, neekonomično korištenje javnih sredstava, zloupotrebu službenog ovlaštenja u dodjeli ugovora o javnoj nabavi, nepotizam i dr. Korupcija u širem smislu se najčešće manifestira u vidu klijentelizma, nepotizama i prodaje pozicija.

Mapping the Quality of the Statistical Data on Police Involvement in Corruption Amongst Police Agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH)

Author(s): Alma Kovačević / Language(s): English

This project was aimed to research and analyze the quality of the statistical data on police involvement in corruption kept by police agencies in BiH, and to measure their effect on the overall integrity of the police system. The project also aimed to increase transparency of police agencies as well as generate dialogue on the methods of generating statistics and quality of the statistics themselves. The project is emphasizing the importance and need of harmonizing manners for data collection and keeping statistics and possibilities of achieving harmonization across BiH. "Mapping the Quality of the Statistical Data on Police Involvement in Corruption Amongst Police Agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina" is the first evidence-based research on police corruption in BiH. Most of research of local and international NGOs and other bodies stating that there is a high level of police involvement in corruption in BiH have been based on the citizens' perspective or were victim-based. None of them had dealt with real and relevant data from official registers and there is no evidence-based research on police corruption that takes into account the relevant statistical data. Hence, the real picture on police corruption in BiH is still not clear. However, the methodology used in mentioned research is somehow "justified" and understandable. This is due to the lack of real and objective statistical data on police corruption in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lack of legislation regulating this obligation usually leads to misinterpretation and wrong assessment of police behavior. In addition to that, the lack of clear international standards regulating this area makes the issue more dubious.

Mapiranje kvaliteta statistina o korupciji u policiji na nivou policijskih agencija u BiH

Author(s): Alma Kovačević / Language(s): Bosnian

Ovaj projekat je imao za cilj da istraži i analizira kvalitet statistika o uključenosti policije u korupciju koje vode poicijske agencije, te za procjenu njihovog uticaja na ukupan integritet policijskog sistema. Cilj projekta je, također, da poveća transparentnost rada policijskih agencija, kao i izgradnju dijaloga o metodama vođenja statistika i njihovog kvaliteta. Projekst ističe važnost i potrebu usaglašavanja načina prikupljanja podataka i vođenja statistika kao i mogućnosti postizanja harmonizacije na nivou BiH. "Mapiranje kvalitete statistika o korupciji u policiji na nivou policijskh agencija u BiH" je prvo istraživanje zasnovano na evidencijama o policijskoj korupciji u BiH. Većina istraživanja domaćih i međunarodnih nevladinih organizacija i drugih tiela u kojima se navodi da postoji visok stepen uključenosti policije u korupciju u BiH zasnovani su na iskustvima građana ili iskustvima i perspektivi oštećenog. Ni jedno od ovih istraživanja se nije bavilo stvarnim i relevantnim podacima iz službenih evidencija o prisustvu korupcije u policiji, a koja uzima u obzir relevantne statističke podatke. Stoga, stvarna slika o korupciji u policiji BiH još uvijek nije sasvim jasna. Međutim, metodologija koja je korištena u spomenutim istraživanjima je na neki način "opravdana" i razumljiva i posljedica je nedostatka stvarnih i objektivnih statističkih podataka o korupciji u policiji u Bosni i Hercegovini. Nedostatak propisa koji regulišu ovu obavezu obično dovodi do pogrešnog tumačenja i pogrešne procjene rada policije. Osim toga, nedostatak jasnih međunarodnih standarda koji regulišu ovo područje, čini ovaj problem još komplikovanijim.

Corruption Crime Statistics and Police Numbers Reporting in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Alma Kovačević,Jasmin Hasić / Language(s): English

This short research study examines the information available in police institutions regarding the police corruption and statistics reporting on it. Moreover, it identifies shortcomings in the system and needs analyses. The aim of the study is to identify key issues in reporting police corruption cases and statistics related to the cases of police integrity, with a specific emphasis on the methods and ways of analysing the existing (reported) police corruption cases, as well as the efficiency of implemented prevention strategies. There was neither sufficient time, nor resources available for more detailed research, which should have led to detailed recommendations for police agencies. However, this study can be used as a starting point for amore comprehensive research that should result in a quality proposal to amend and overcome the identified shortcomings and obstacles in this field. Additionally, it could assist law enforcement agencies (LEAs) in BiH to consider and eventually design a database on police corruption if proof needed.

“Body-worn” kamere policijskih službenika: Šta trebamo znati?

Author(s): Damir Tandara / Language(s): Bosnian

Transparentniji rad policije je jedan od ključnih zahtjeva javnosti kroz historiju. On je intenziviran razvojem modernih tehnologija koje omogućavaju bliži uvid u rad policije kao službe javne uprave kojoj je povjereno čuvanje javnog reda i poretka, te zaštita temeljnih ustavnih prava i sloboda građana i svih vrijednosti zaštićenih ustavom. S druge strane i policijski službenici imaju potrebu za određenim vidom zaštite, a moderne tehnologije pružaju rješenja ove vrste. One policijske službenike mogu zaštititi prilIkom obavljanja njihovog posla, primarno u slučajevima lažnih i neutemeljenih prijava povrede službene dužnosti i zloupotrebe ovlaštenja od strane policijskih službenika. Primjena tehnoloških naprava u radu policije može znatno olakšati radnje dokazivanja, što se reflektuje na olakšano vođenje krivičnog postupka te se korist ovakvih naprava prožima izvan domena striktno policijske djelatnosti. Pored višestruke koristi koju moderne tehnologije pružaju prilikom obavljanja policijskih poslova, postoje određene stavke koje izazivaju zabrinutost javnosti i građana u odnosu na ovu temu. Prevashodno je to zaštita ljudskih prava, odnosno iznalaženje adekvatnih načina zaštite ljudskih prava usljed korištenja modernih tehnologija od strane policijskih službenika prilikom obavljanja policijskih dužnosti, a posebno uređaja za audio i video snimanje. Nedoumica je prisutna i kod službeničkog i rukovodstvenog kadra policije. Naime, najveću brigu službenicima zadaje pitanje da li će morati snimati kompletnu smjenu ili samo interakcije sa građanima, dok rukovodioce brine kontrola nad primjenom ovog sistema od strane samih službenika. Za njih je neophodno da iznađu najefikasnije rješenje kojim će regulisati pomenuto pitanje i na najbolji mogući način zaštititi prava građana od svih zloupotreba do kojih može doći korištenjem „body – worn“ kamera.

2015 ASSESSMENT OF POLICE INTEGRITY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Alma Kovačević,Hamza Višća / Language(s): English

A question of police integrity in BiH is quite difficult to consider due to the complexity of the police system. The police sector in BiH consists of 16 police agencies at all levels of government and 6 institutions which provide them support or carry out similar activities. This fact makes any research difficult because each police agency could be considered as an individual entity and particular research could be committed for each of them. Generally, findings of the report indicate that neither the legal framework, nor the practice is satisfying to ensure police integrity. In addition to that, the citizens assess police work as very weak and its efforts insufficient in fighting corruption. A very high influence of politicians on the police work still exists; police transparency is not satisfying when it comes to investigation of serious cases of corruption; human resources management and financing require serious reforms to be more functional in the fight against corruption; while both internal and external controls need serious changes to be more independent and functional. This report could help to consider police integrity from important points of view, including legal framework and citizens’ perspective. The report can help make a comprehensive study and a deeper analysis of each chapter.

2015 ASSESSMENT OF POLICE INTEGRITY IN KOSOVO

Author(s): Plator Avdiu,Skender Perteshi / Language(s): English

The Kosovo Police is ranked by the citizens of Kosovo among the most trusted institutions; however, its independence and integrity require further improvement. There have been several occasions when the Minister of Internal Affairs, albeit indirectly, commented on police operations; this was noticed particularly during the 2015 protests in Kosovo against the Government. This raises the issue of depoliticization of the police force, as well as claims that the latter is influenced by the executive power. As regards other components of integrity, the Kosovo Police still does not possess the ‘integrity plan’ which would guide the most fundamental principles on enhancing accountability, impartiality and honesty. Bearing in mind that members of the police force are among the oldest in the region when it comes to average age, the early retirement of approximately 1,000 police officers and the recruitment of new ones will represent quite a challenge. There is also a need for better cooperation between the Kosovo Police and the State Prosecutor’s Office, the strengthening of professional capacities and human resources of the Police Inspectorate of Kosovo needed for inspecting and investigating the police, and for better supervision of the police activities by external oversight institutions, the Assembly of Kosovo in particular. This report aims to assess the integrity within the Kosovo Police and to address the key problems and challenges. Progress and regress in relation to police integrity is measured through six sections or indicators: the transparency of police work, the influence of political interests on the operational work of the police, human resources management, financial management, internal control and external oversight of police work. Given that this is a comprehensive study, it provides a qualitative analysis of the relevance of integrity principles, with the aim of keeping the Kosovo Police accountable, honest and ethical. The study revealed six major findings. (i) In general, the Kosovo Police is transparent in terms of providing information to the media and the public. The police Information and Public Relations Office is in charge of conducting all the activities related to transparency. However, the police are far from being perfect in this context. There should be far less bureaucracy when it comes to access, statistics, data and detailed information about its work. Therefore, the Kosovo Police should be more proactive to ensure its timely transparency concerning the requests from media, non-governmental organizations and other relevant parties.

2015 ASSESSMENT OF POLICE INTEGRITY IN MONTENEGRO

Author(s): Dina Bajramspahić,Mario Sošić / Language(s): English

The integrity of the police in Montenegro has been compromised. The problems of bribery and misuse of office do not stand alone; there is also excessive use of force, passive professional behavior, extortion of statements, and political activity. Corruption is the second most common association of Montenegrin citizens when they are asked about the police, right after “security, safety and the protection of citizens,” and only 12 percent of the citizens believe that corruption does not run rampant in the police force of Montenegro. For the above reasons, the integrity of the police must become one of the priority areas of strategic further development of this service. There is a complex system of internal and external control of the police, which is characterized by insufficient cooperation and information exchange between the authorities in charge of oversight, insufficient effects of their controls, conclusions and recommendations, and by the citizens’ dilemma concerning the right authority to which to report abuse, corruption or overstepping of police powers, resulting from presence of too many actors. Although some progress has been made, supervisory authorities have not yet achieved necessary efficiency in the implementation of their powers. Reform of the Montenegrin police began shortly before the referendum on independence, through the enactment of the new Law on Police in October 2005. The Law on Internal Affairs of 2012 brought the Police Directorate back under the aegis of the Ministry of Interior, which resulted in reduced independence of the police concerning management and decision-making in many areas, from human resources and finance, to transparency. In this report we have presented the results of a study which aims to contribute to the improved functioning of the police, and increase the public trust and confidence in its work, which - as in all the Balkan countries – stands at quite a low level. The report is divided into six thematic sections: the first three relate to the issues of transparency, depoliticisation and management of human resources. The following three chapters deal with financial management and public procurement and the repressive measures for establishing the liability of employees, and analyze the work and results of all the actors in charge of internal and external control of police work. Each chapter is followed by recommendations for improvement within the specific area.

2015 ASSESSMENT OF POLICE INTEGRITY IN SERBIA

Author(s): Alisa Koljenšić Radić / Language(s): English

The integrity of the police in Serbia has been compromised. Only four percent of Serbian citizens believe that there is no corruption in the police force. The fight against corruption in the police became a “target” of the European Commission because the police has been identified in the Screening Report for Chapter 23: Judiciary and Fundamental Rights as a particularly sensitive area when it comes to corruption. Only one out of 23 Anti-Corruption Strategy activities listed in the Action Plan under section “Police” was implemented in full and within the set deadline. All this indicates the presence of a problem of accountable policing. Ministry of Interior has recognized the problem of compromised integrity of the police, and that is good. New strategic MoI priorities have been established: strengthening the accountability of the police and the internal control mechanisms to suppress corruption in police ranks. Consequently, the police reform in 2015 was marked by (i) drafting the new Law on Police, which will introduce new anti-corruption measures such as verification of the property of police officers in leading positions, and (ii) the establishment of an effective human resources management system in the MoI. The seriousness of this job may also be gleaned from the fact that adoption of the new Law on Police had been proposed three times already during this year, and that the new Human Resources Sector, as the main proponent of reform in this area, has yet to become operational even though changes in the human resources management had begun four years ago. This Report presents the results of monitoring the integrity of the police service in Serbia. Research indicates whether and to what extent the MoI and the police are behaving responsibly, i.e. whether the established strategic objectives and statutory functions are implemented in practice. The study offers an analysis of the integrity of the police using specific methodology for assessing the integrity of the police in six areas in which legal and practical weaknesses that may jeopardize such integrity have been examined: the transparency of police work, the influence of political interests on the operational work of the police, human resources management, financial management, internal control and external oversight of police work. Special emphasis was placed in the Report on the analysis of the solutions contained in the Draft Law on Police

Testing the integrity of police officers 2016

Author(s): Sofija Mandić,Saša Đorđević / Language(s): English

The integrity test is an operational police method of covert collection of information, conducted for the purpose of preventing and detecting corruption in the police force. It was introduced back in the ‘70s to combat corruption in the New York Police Department. Although in Serbia it had been continually announced for four years, it was only in 2016 that it was prescribed, albeit imprecisely, by the new Law on Police. Also, no one ever explained which form of the test will be applied in Serbia: the one targeting police officers under suspicion, or the random form, which would apply to all. However, this is not the only dilemma regarding the testing of the integrity of police officers in Serbia, which was publicly described as a “secret operational method that will discover various forms of abuse in the police” and be used to try to “tempt colleagues by offering them bribes.” The concept of integrity, that is, the main purpose for the introduction of such testing in general, is unclear. The test subjects are unknown, and so are the requirements concerning the notification of testing, the consequences of its results and the utilisation, recording and preserving of collected materials. The law does not specifically prohibit encouraging police officers to commit criminal offenses of corruption or other illegal acts in the course of testing. All this will be included in a secondary legislation, which should be enacted by the Minister of Interior Affairs within one year after the adoption of the law – which is, in itself, quite problematic. For example, the integrity test may limit the rights of inviolability of the place of residence, confidentiality of correspondence, the right to work, the right to equal protection, and the right to a fair trial. The Constitution requires that these rights be restricted by a law, not a by-law. The integrity test, as it was designed in the Ministry of Interior and to some extent defined by the Law on Police, in no way fits into the allowed framework which serves to limit the rights, and into the existing rules that apply to criminal proceedings. It is clear that the integrity test will continue to develop in the direction of the confidentiality of operations to be carried out by the Internal Affairs Sector within the Ministry of Interior, which is not a good solution. The Criminal Procedure Code stipulates that covert information gathering methods, i.e. special investigative actions can be undertaken only upon a court decision issued upon a reasoned request of the public prosecutor. The Law on Police does not at all recognise the prosecution and the judiciary as actors in the implementation of the test. As regards the use of evidence obtained by way of integrity testing – they should be treated as illegally obtained evidence.

2016 ASSESSMENT OF POLICE INTEGRITY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Mirela Hodović / Language(s): English

Percepcija korupcije na univerzitetima u Albaniji, Severnoj Makedoniji i Srbiji: Perspektive studenata

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Serbian

This comprehensive document provides details derived from our survey of student perceptions, which was conducted in May this year across Albania, North Macedonia and Serbia. The research was conducted on a total sample of 943 students from all three fields, that is, in Serbia, the research was conducted on a sample of 300 students at the universities in Kragujevac, Novi Sad and Belgrade.

PERCEPCIJA GRAĐANA O BORBI PROTIV KORUPCIJE U SRBIJI 2019

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Serbian

The research was conducted by CeSID doo for the needs of USAID's Responsible Government Project

Specijalno tužilaštvo za borbu protiv korupcije u Rumuniji

Author(s): Milica Divljak / Language(s): Serbian

The National Anti-Corruption Directorate (DNA) was established in 2002 by a Romanian Government Decree with the aim of reducing the level of political and high- and middle-level corruption in Romania. In terms of organization, the DNA functions as a special department within the Supreme Prosecutor's Office at the Higher Court of Cassation. Therefore, the Directorate, as a part of the Supreme Prosecutor's Office, is formally managed by the Supreme Prosecutor of Romania, but the Supreme Prosecutor of the Directorate is at the head of the DNA, who has the authority to manage and coordinate all activities of the DNA. Funds for work are provided from the state budget, within the allocation for the Supreme Prosecutor's Office. The functions of a prosecutor, judicial police officer or specialist within the DNA are incompatible with any other public or private function, except for the position of teacher in higher education institutions.

Koliko je Srbija spremna da zaštiti uzbunjivače?

Author(s): Sofija Mandić / Language(s): Serbian

In 2024, Serbia will mark ten years since the adoption of the Law on the Protection of Whistleblowers. During the past decade, there was no serious and comprehensive assessment of its application by the Serbian authorities, and despite declarative statements and assumed strategic commitments, the protection of whistleblowers never became a real political or judicial priority in Serbia. The report "How ready is Serbia to protect whistleblowers?" analyzes and evaluates the performance of institutions for the protection of whistleblowers, presents the outcomes of cases in which whistleblowers have sought judicial protection, and identifies strengths and weaknesses in practices that lead to good or unsatisfactory case outcomes.

Civil Society against Organised Crime: Roles, Methods and Practices

Author(s): Filip Stojanović / Language(s): English

International legislative framework does not properly recognise the relevance of civil society in the fight against organised crime and does not provide for full civil society participation. As a consequence, the effort of civil society to achieve progress in fighting organised crime and build a strong and stable communication channels for key stakeholders in the public and private sector remains questionable. This is why civil society advocates the revision of the existing international legislative framework. Civil society plays two main roles in tackling the issue of organised crime. It is very useful in exposing illicit organised crime activities, and it can serve as support to criminal justice efforts and reforms in the fight against organised crime. However, the challenge lies in the fact that most civil society organisations are specialised or focused on one specific area of organised crime. They also depend on national situations and donors’ funding availability. On the other hand, civil society can link relevant institutions and the private sector in the fight against organised crime.