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Some of the Foremost Challenges to the Status Quo

Author(s): Zygmunt Bauman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Donald Trump’s election, results of the British referendum on membership in the EU and the rise of populist parties in Europe constitute various aspects of the challenges to the status quo resulting from the growing economic and cultural gap between privileged elites and the masses, as well as from the immigration from less developed regions to the rich countries of North America and Western Europe. The existing democratic systems have been unable to cope with these challenges and a fundamental change in the status quo is necessary if authoritarian trend is to be stopped.

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Authoritarianism with an Electoral Face in Africa

Author(s): Peter Anyang Nyongo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This essay is about how authoritarian regimes in Africa use so-called democratic elections to stay in power or to avoid being removed from power. Some of these elections are blatantly rigged; some are semi-competitive and occasionally lend legitimacy to such regimes as being somehow approved by the people or based on the consent of the people. Since Africa is such a big continent with nation-states which have had different histories since independence, we cannot make watertight generalizations, though “typologies” very often prove useful in making comparative studies. In this case, we shall use Kenya as a typical case of former plantation colonies which political economies are comparable and the fortunes of democratic governance quite similar. We conclude that the struggle for democratic governance will always be rooted in people’s need to be governed and yet to control their governors.

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REVIEWS

Author(s): Levon Abrahamian,Ditta Dukai,Satenik Mkrtchyan,Gayane Shagoyan,Hamlet Sargsyan,Kinga Kali,Ilka Veress,Sándor Károly Molnár,Bálint Kovács / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2011

Review of: 1. MARUTYAN, Harutyun: Hay ink’nut’yan patkeragrut’yun [Iconography of Armenian Identity]. Volume I: Ts’eghaspanut’yan hishoghut’yun ev Gharabaghyan sharzhum [The Memory of Genocide and the Karabakh Movement]. Yerevan: Gitutyun, 2009, 427 pp., 254 ill. – (Hishoghut’yan azgagrut’yun 2 [Anthropology of Memory 2]) MARUTYAN, Harutyun: Iconography of Armenian Identity. Volume I: The Memory of Genocide and the Karabakh Movement. Yerevan: Gitutyun Publishing House of the National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Armenia. 2009, XVI, 415 pp., 254 ill. – (Anthropology of Memory 2) by: Levon Abrahamian 2. P. AVETISYAN–B. GASPARYAN– A. KALANTARYAN– A. SAHAKYAN (eds): Ginin hayots’ avandakan ashkharhum – Wine in Traditional Armenian Culture. 2005, Yerevan: Center for Agribusiness and Rural Development; Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography NAS RA, 306 pp., ill. by: Ditta Dukai 3. Levon ABRAHAMIAN–Aghasi TADEVOSYAN–Tamara HAKOBYAN (eds.): Avandakan yev ardiakan hayots’ mshakuyt’um [Tradition and Modernity in Armenian Culture] – Collection of the Conference materials held on November 26−28, 2009 in the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia. Yerevan: Gitutyun, 2010. (Hay Zhoghovrdakan Mshakuyt’ XV) by: Satenik Mkrtchyan 4. Hranush KHARATYAN (ed.) Patmut’yunner aghk’atut’yan masin [Stories on Poverty]. Yerevan: Lusakn, 2001, 432 pp. KHARATYAN, Hranush–MARUTYAN, Harutyun (eds) Patmut’yunner aghk’atut’yan masin [Stories on Poverty]. Book 2. Yerevan: The “Hazarashen” Armenian Center for Ethnological Studies NGO, 2007, 544 pp. by: Gayane Shagoyan 5. Левон АБРАМЯН. Беседы у дерева. М.: Языки славянских культур, (Язык. Семиотика. Культура. Малая серия). 2005, 272 c. ABRAHAMIAN, Levon: Armenian Identity in a Changing World. (Armenian Studies Series, Number 8) Costa Mesa, Cal.: Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2006, 406 pp. by: Gayane Shagoyan 6. Ethnographic Maps in the National Atlas of Armeniaby: Hamlet Sargsyan 7. SOUL FOOD Monographs on two Armenian cemeteries Dr. ISSEKUTZ, Sarolta (ed.) Örmény halottkultusz és temetkezés. Erzsébetváros és örmény katolikus temetője. [Armenian Cult of the Dead and Burial. Erzsébetváros and its Armenian Catholic Cemetery] (Transylvanian Armenian Museum Vol. 13.) Budapest: Transylvanian Armenian Cultural Roots Association, 2009, 145 pp., ill. BALÁZS-BÉCSI, Attila: A szamosújvári magyar−örmény katolikus temető monográfi ája. [Monograph of the Hungarian−Armenian Catholic Cemetery of Szamosújvár]. Budapest: Armenian Minority Self-government of Budapest’s 11th district, 2002, 120 pp. ill. 8. ARMENIANS IN HUNGARY – DIASPORA STRATA 9. A CLOSER LOOK – THE CAUSE OF THE CONFLICT OF INTERESTS AMONG THE DIASPORA GROUPS 10. SOUL FOOD – MONOGRAPHS ON TWO ARMENIAN CEMETERIES IN TRANSYLVANIA by: Kinga Kali 11. Judit PÁL: Armeni în Transilvania. Contribuţii la procesul de urbanizare şi dezvoltare economică a provinciei / Armenians in Transylvania. Their Contribution to the Urbanization and the Economic Development of the Province. Translated by Bogdan Aldea, Cluj-Napoca: Romanian Cultural Institute, Center for Transylvanian Studies, 2005. 174 pp. 68 ill. by: Ilka Veress 12. Die Aufzeichnungen des Dominikaners Martin Grüneweg (1562 – ca. 1618) über seine Familie in Danzig, seine Handelsreisen in Osteuropa und sein Klosterleben in Polen. (Ed. Almut Bues) vol. 1−4. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2008. S. 1888 by: Bálint Kovács 13. ŐZE, Sándor–KOVÁCS, Bálint (eds) Örmény diaszpóra a Kárpát-medencében II. [Armenian Diaspora in the Carpathian Basin]. (Művelődéstörténeti Műhely – Felekezet és identitás 2.) Piliscsaba: Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem 2007, 283 pp. by: Sándor Károly Molnár

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Jednostka w systemie (realnego) kapitalizmu: analiza korpusowa społecznych wyobrażeń o relacji łączącej jednostki i system społeczny

Author(s): Agnieszka Karlińska,Maja Sawicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

This paper aims to identify and reconstruct social imaginary connected with the category of „social system”, and to answer the question how, thirty years after the systemic transformation in Poland, the relation between the individual and the system is conceptualized. The analysis stems from the research into psycho-social consequences of the transformation. However, it is innovative since it employs the methods and tools ofcorpus linguistics. The corpus encompasses the content of 12 focus group interviews (FGI) and of 29 in-depth interviews (IDI) carried out in different Polish cities duringthe project „Values in the times of (global) crisis” financed by National Science Centre(NCN grant no. 2016/21//B/HS6/03199). The results indicate the tendency to locate the individual in an antagonistic opposition towards the social system. A feeling that individuals’ claims towards the system are unsatisfied, and a sense that system blocks and limits individual opportunities, are manifestations of this antagonism.

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Central Europe & Baltics-A Sad Fall From Grace

Author(s): Jiří Pehe / Language(s): English Issue: 10/26/2020

The Czech Republic went from being a leader in the fight against COVID-19 to a disaster in less than six months. What happened?

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Commentary: Three Lessons in Chaotism

Author(s): Martin Ehl / Language(s): English Issue: 11/02/2020

What remains of public trust in the state is vanishing as the pandemic roars back into Central Europe.

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Transitions Online_Around the Bloc-Monday, 12 October, 2020

Author(s): Ioana Caloianu / Language(s): English Issue: 10/19/2020

Regional headlines: elections in Tajikistan and Lithuania; Belarusian president meets jailed opposition; crackdown in Khabarovsk; and military games in Serbia.

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“THE BULGARIAN SALONICA”

Author(s): Yura Konstantinova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The Balkan Wars put an end to the Bulgarian presence in Salonica, but not to the Bulgarian imagination relative to the city. Almost until the second decade of the 20th c. Ottoman Salonica used to be a bigger, richer and more modern city than the Bulgarian capital. It evoked much feeling and interest among Bulgarians, who saw in it many economic, political and cultural opportunities. For Bulgarians, however, Salonica was primarily linked with their freedom fighting, so its image is dominated by themes of death and self-sacrifice, of fear and courage, of prisons and concentration camps. To them it is simultaneously a city of prisons and a city of light, a city of youth and nostalgia, of education and pogrom, of economic opportunity and wasted effort.

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ON THE PAST, MEMORY, RECOLLECTIONS AND HISTORY OF THE BULGARIANS IN “SIMVASILEVUSA”

Author(s): Malamir Spasov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In the past one feels at home. One comes from that home, where the ones before him are, to go back one day and become one of them, a home for those that are to come. Think of it, that home is in one and one is that home. That’s why the past is cozy. Our awareness of the past is rooted in memory. Memory permeates all aspects of our life. Even our present is largely dedicated to memory, insofar as we spend a great part of it in fortifying our ties with the past. Our memory of the past is an indispensable condition for our sense of identity. We need the collective memory, i.e. the recollections of others, in order to affirm our own recollections, and in this way give them value. The opposite is also fully true, for life is fundamentally dialogical and the discovery of self is unthinkable without the others. If memory and history are processes penetrating the past, the vestiges of the past would put one on the track of processes that have produced that past. Often such traces are sparse, which makes them all the more valuable. Sometimes a few old photographs are the only remnants that have remained in place of one’s roots. In other cases only recollections replace places left long ago. Well, such places don’t have to be outstanding in order to be unforgettable. For many Bulgarians Salonica is just that kind of place. But Salonica is not some ordinary, unremarkable and insignificant city.

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МОРЕТО В КИНЕМАТОГРАФИЧНИЯ ЕЗИК НА РАННОТО ГРЪЦКО КИНО

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The proposed article aims to analyze the genesis and functions of the image of the sea in the emerging film language of early Greek cinema in the context of building the modern Greek national identity and reproducing national memory. The focus is on the first period from the birth of film art in Greece from the early 20th century to the mid-1930s, when many Greek filmmakers left the country due to the imposition of the Metaxas regime with a coup in 1936. The outbreak of the Second World War and the German occupation (1941–1944) stifled the successful aspirations of early Greek cinema, and turbulent political events would not allow it to enter its mature period until the 1950s.

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Cityscapes in Zadie Smith’s NW

Author(s): Andreia Irina Suciu,Mihaela Culea / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2020

The article focuses on the manner in which the space of the city is employed in Zadie Smith’s NW so as to reveal not only a cosmopolitan map of contemporary London, but also to draw a map of the journey of the contemporary individual in finding himself/herself. Smith adopts in NW an experimental manner of introducing the contemporary individual in a strongly cartographied space both at the level of the city and at the level of the body of the text. Thus, through the space of North West London, the author speaks about family, social class, (inter-racial, marital) relationships, (complying or not with) gender roles (and dealing with the defiance against such roles), mobility (at the level of the cityscapes and at the level of the mindscapes), community and possibilities (and impossibilities) of belonging.

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„Гордост и предразсъдъци“ – лицата със слухови нарушения и техните различни възможности

Author(s): Svetoslava Saeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

This paper discusses two options for the people with hearing loss: pride of their deafness and prejudice against them on behalf of hearing people. Presented are the fears and behavior specifics of this target group. The term “audism” is also analysed. There is also information about the unique situation of people with hearing loss, living in Iceland.

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Нагласи за четене (Проучване сред българските ученици)

Author(s): Despina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2020

A study of the attitudes of Bulgarian high-school students regarding reading is presented in this article. Over five hundred subjects have taken part in the study, 337 girls and 180 boys of age 13 to 18, from the capital Sofia and other schools in country. The study was implemented through a five-module survey, including 74 statements distributed in groups as follows: "During reading", "Most often I read", "When (what time) do I read", "I prefer to read", "I find information in". Each statement was evaluated by the subjects according 5-level Likert scale of two types: agreement and frequency estimates. Analysis of the results is also presented. Data obtained in the study lead to outcomes as follows: Online and on-screen reading is preferred rather reading of paper; a lack of well-mastered metacognitive reading skills is observed; the basic source of information is the worldwide web (Internet).

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Страшни истории в градските легенди в чешки и български контекст

Author(s): Rosina Kokudeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The article offers a study of horror stories in urban legends from Bulgaria and the Czech Republic in comparative aspect. It proposes a specific classification, which groups horror stories as follows: 1) mysterious events and encounters with supernatural beings, which neither harm, nor help the participants; 2) omens or encounters with supernatural beings, which cause death or other harm to the participants; 3) mysterious signs or encounters with supernatural beings, which help people; 4) evocation of spirits; 5) crime stories: murders or harm – with or without deliberate intention; 6) rumours; 7) parodic horror stories. Parallels drawn between particular stories from the two countries point to the existence of a common folkloric substratum that manifests their universal character and international distribution. Largely, the motifs in those stories result from social life and specific social practices of modern times, but some also have deeply archaic origins.

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Rola religii w życiu współczesnych społeczeństw w ujęciu przedstawicieli Ośrodka Myśli Politycznej

Author(s): Marek Pabich / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 20/2020

Artykuł jest poświęcony zagadnieniu roli religii w życiu współczesnych społeczeństw w ujęciu wybranych autorów publikujących w Ośrodku Myśli Politycznej. Religia stanowi dla nich niezbędny dla państwa fundament aksjologiczny, wokół którego możliwe jest zbudowanie wspólnoty obywatelskiej. Zapewnia ona państwu wartości potrzebne do prawidłowego funkcjonowania, których jego instytucje same nie są w stanie wytworzyć. Odniesienie do transcendencji pozwala ponadto na pogłębioną interpretację losów danego społeczeństwa na przestrzeni dziejów. Współcześnie chrześcijaństwo stanowi jedyną liczącą się alternatywę dla dominujących w świecie zachodnim prądów liberalnych. Zapewnia ponadto ciągłość między europejskim dziedzictwem kulturowym a współczesnością. Poglądy omawianych autorów sytuują się w ramach nurtu konserwatywnego.

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Globalny terroryzm jako zagrożenie bezpieczeństwa międzynarodowego

Author(s): Larysa Savosh,Olena Baula / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The article examines the evolution of the term "terrorism," analyzes the features of the modern stage of terrorism and assesses the profits of modern terrorist organizations. Authors studied the process of terrorism like the one that is becoming a lever of world politics at the present stage of human development. The publication substantiates the complexity of the influence of the functioning of international terrorist organizations on the social, political and economic situation of individual countries and the system of international relations in general. The trends of activity of international terrorist organizations are highlighted. The ways of hampering the terrorist threat are justified and proposed in the article.

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PRIKAZI

Author(s): Marijeta Bradić,Vilma Benković,Dubravka Zima,Nada Kujundžić,Monika Bregović,Orlanda Obad,Ana Smokrović,Lada Stevanović,Jadran Kale,Josipa Tomašić,Barbara Majnarić,Marija-Ana Dürrigl,Brigita Miloš,Ivana Hanaček,Ines Prica,Maja Flajsig / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/2020

Review of: Maja Flajsig - Ewa Wróblewska-Trochimiuk, Umjetnost na marginama. Hrvatski politički plakat u 19. i 20. stoljeću, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku i Institut za slavistiku Poljske akademije znanosti, Zagreb 2019., 281 str. Ines Prica - Sanja Đurin, “Hrvati su brand u Čileu”. Diskursi uspješnosti i pripadanja, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb 2020., 215 str. Ivana Hanaček - Lydia Sklevicky, Žene i moć. Povijesna geneza jednog interesa, ur. Andrea Feldman i Marijana Kardum, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku i Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada, Zagreb 2020., 280 str. Brigita Miloš - Lilijana Burcar, Restauracija kapitalizma. Repatrijarhalizacija društva, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku i Centar za ženske studije, Zagreb 2020., 373 str. Marija-Ana Dürrigl - Antonija Zaradija Kiš i Marinka Šimić, Cvijet kreposti. O naravi ljudskoj kroz narav životinjsku. Studija – transliteracija – faksimil, Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku i Staroslavenski institut, Zagreb 2020., 367 str. Barbara Majnarić - Prvi svjetski rat u hrvatskim tradicijskim pjesmama, prir. Irena Miholić i Renata Jambrešić Kirin, Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb 2019., 56 str. Josipa Tomašić - Davor Nikolić, Između zvuka i značenja. Fonostilistički pristup hrvatskim usmenoretoričkim žanrovima, Disput, Zagreb 2019., 336 str. Jadran Kale - Tomislav Oroz, Gdje si bio 1573? Lica i naličja Matije Gupca u praksama sjećanja, Naklada Jesenski i Turk i Kulturno informativni centar, Zagreb 2018., 303 str. Jadran Kale - At Home but Foreigners. Population Transfers in 20th Century Istria, ur. Katja Hrobat Virloget, Catherine Gousseff i Gustavo Corni, Annales University Press, Kopar 2015., 229 str Lada Stevanović - Disrupting Historicity, Reclaiming the Future, ur. Silvana Carotenuto, Francesca Maria Gabrielli i Renata Jambrešić Kirin, Unior Press (“L’Orientale” Università degli studi di Napoli) i Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Napulj, Zagreb 2019., 368 str. Ana Smokrović - Kamen na cesti. Granice, opresija i imperativ solidarnosti, ur. Lada Čale Feldman, Lidija Dujić, Maša Grdešić, Renata Jambrešić Kirin, Anita Dremel i Nataša Medved, Centar za ženske studije i Institut za etnologiju i folkloristiku, Zagreb 2019., 146 str. Orlanda Obad - Framing the Nation and Collective Identities. Political Rituals and Cultural Memory of the Twentieth-Century Trauma in Croatia, ur. Vjeran Pavlaković i Davor Pauković, Routledge, New York 2019., 245 str. Monika Bregović - Folklore. Electronic Journal of Folklore 77. Tematski broj “Human-Animal Relationship in Belief Narratives”, ur. broja Mirjam Mencej, ur. Mare Kõiva i Andres Kuperjanov, Folk Belief and Media Group of Estonian Literary Museum, 2019. Monika Bregović - Americana 8/2. Tematski broj “Interspecies Dialogue in Postmillenial Filmic Fantasies”, gost. ur. Anna Kérchy, ur. Réka M. Cristian i Zoltán Dragon, Department of American Studies, Institute of English and American Studies, University of Szeged, 2017. Nada Kujundžić - Teaching Fairy Tales, ur. Nancy L. Canepa, Wayne State University Press, Detroit 2019., 478 str. Dubravka Zima - Stoljeće djeteta u Hrvatskoj. Djetinjstvo i školovanje u 20. stoljeću, katalog izložbe, ur. Štefka Batinić i Elizabeta Serdar, Hrvatski školski muzej, Zagreb 2019., 277 str. Vilma Benković - Kazivač. Časopis za etnološke i kulturnoantropološke teme 3/3. Klub studenata etnologije i kulturne antropologije (KSEKA), Zagreb 2019., 250 str. Marijeta Bradić - Konferencija Filozofsko-znanstveni aspekti veganstva, Novoosnovano udruženje studenata filozofije NOUS, Odsjek za filozofiju Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, 29. 5. – 1. 6. 2019.

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LA FORMATION DE LA POPULATION DU PIRÉE AU XIXe SIÈCLE

Author(s): Sebastien Marre / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2021

This article will present you with the foundation of the modern Piraeus city between 1833 and 1838 in the light of unpublished archives from the fund of the Greek Ministry of the Interior in King Otto I’s time kept at the General State Archives in Athens. This document shows how immigration to Piraeus was largely channeled by the administration through the establishment of settlements (synoikismoi). It also highlights an original founding of a port city in the Eastern Mediterranean literally out of nowhere. It shows the creation of a community of inhabitants with the essential role of the natives from Chios first, then from Hydra, who form the two main groups, both separated but reunited in the new town, since each group has its own neighborhood, parish and church.

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Pamięć splątana. Refleksje na temat pamięci o masowych mordach z 1965 roku w Indonezji

Author(s): Katarzyna Marta Głąb / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article aims to present the problems of conflicted memories about mass murders of communists and suspected communist sympathisers in Indonesia in 1965 in the context of unsettled traumatical past and social denial. The author outlines some questions of difficulties in settling the past crimes of the Suharto regime, such as the tangled practices of remembering and forgetting, nationalism and history gaps in history school books, and the inability to shame and to take a responsibility for past crimes. In Indonesia, still the grand national narration is visible, in which the army headed by General Suharto protected the state from the communist treachery. This narration persistently obscures the approximately one million deaths, torture and imprisonment of thousands of people. The tangled memory, social denial and actively generated silence which are maintained by both state and society do not let the Indonesian nation to move forward.

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Nauczyciel jako twórca pamięci. Analiza lekcji historii w polskiej szkole w Wilnie

Author(s): Agnieszka Nowakowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The article presents an analysis of historical memory narratives conveyed to high school students during history classes. Of particular interest is the way in which history teachers shape their in-class narratives in the context of narrative conflicts between the cultural memory and the politics of history of the country’s government and the historical consciousness of the national group the teacher belongs to. The article claims that, in such cases, the way teachers shape their narratives pertaining to the past is a product of their agency and the strategies they adopt regarding the official narratives. The article distinguishes three strategies concerning government narratives (Hall1980): hegemonic, negotiated, and oppositional. The article is based on observationof history classes conducted in a Vilnius school with Polish as a teaching language, as well as interviews with history teachers employed by the school. The research carried out shows that, when it comes to selecting the strategy, a key role is played by theteachers’ emotions resulting from their personal experiences. In the Vilnius school, the experiences connected with one’s national group were the deciding factor.

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