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The right to a fair trial and settlement of cases within a reasonable time is a rule taken over by the Romanian constituent from the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms the ultimate purpose of which is to assure the quality of justice delivery, and effectively secure the fundamental right of free access to justice for the persons seeking justice. In civil proceedings, the judge draws conclusions and renders a judgment on the basis of the evidence produced in the case – da mihi factum, dabo tibi ius. The judge’s intimate belief as to the truthfulness of the facts presented relies on a correct and complete evidence production exercise, as well as on the value of the evidence thus produced. In the civil proceedings heard by the Romanian courts of law, evidence is usually produced in the written stage of such proceedings. The New Civil Procedure Code contains general provisions about the production of evidence which were not available in this form under the previous legislation. The law-maker rendered the exercise of a right conditional upon the effective exercise thereof within a certain period of time with a view to putting in place an indispensable climate of order, and thus preventing any abuses and protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the other parties, but without prejudice to the realization of the free access to justice
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The application of the compensatory mechanism in good conduct times, conceived as a general measure of relieving the detention institutions, as expected, has create d certain problems regarding the legal interpretation of some situations. One of these situations was the one regarding the competence of solving the application by which a person deprived of liberty requested the granting of the compensatory days for the rest of the sentence resulting from a previous conviction and which was found in the sentence in which the execution was. The legal problem was solved by the High Court of Cassation and Justice by Decision no.8 of March 11 th , 2019, a decision that we discuss in the article
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:The exercise of parental authority over the child and its assets belongs jointly to both parents and it aims to ensure the conditions necessary for the child's upbringing and development of the child’s personality, as well as the protection of the best interests of the child. In the event that one of the parents is dead, missing, unable to express his or her will or if by court decision one of the parents has been granted the exclusive exercise of parental authority over the child, parental authority is exercised exclusively by one of the parents. As for the child’s assets, there is a special situation in which one of the parents is a minor, having limited ability to exercise parental authority. According to the current case law, the exercise of parental rights and the fulfillment of parental obligations regarding the child's assets encounters certain difficulties, especially in situations in which only one of the parents has the right to exercising parental authority. The problem mainly lies in the necessity and opportunity for the guardianship authority to authorize certain documents that the parent must conclude, regarding his or her child’s assets.
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Auf den bisherigen Konferenzen in Sarajevo über das Thema Bosnien-Herzegowina in der Geschichtsschreibung wurden nicht nur zahlreiche case studies vorgelegt, sondern auch Bosnien-Herzegowina als eine historische Ganzheit behandelt. Die nationalen Narrative der Bosniaken, Kroaten und Serben schlugen dabei untereinander konträre Wege ein. Die bosniakischen Interpreten der bosnischen Geschichte sprechen gerne von der Staatlichkeit Bosnien-Herzegowinas sowie seiner historischen Identität im Singular. Dabei widmen sie mehr Aufmerksamkeit jenen Aspekten, welche allen bosnisch-herzegowinischen Bewohnern gemeinsam sein sollten; die gegenseitigen Unterschiede finden sie dagegen gering und interpretieren diese als sekundäre bzw. wenig bedeutsame Erscheinungen. In dem serbischen nationalen Narrativ ist, ganz im Gegenteil, Bosnien-Herzegowina keine historische Ganzheit für sich, sondern nur ein Bestandteil des serbischen politischen und kulturellen Raumes bzw. bloß eines der serbischen historischen Länder. Der serbischen Auffassung ähnlich ist Bosnien-Herzegowina auch im kroatischen nationalen Narrativ positioniert, selbstverständlich mit kroatischen politischen und kulturellen Merkmalen. Allerdings hat die kroatische Inanspruchnahme Bosnien-Herzegowinas als ein kroatisches historisches Land inzwischen an der Resolutheit verloren. Dies geschah unter dem Druck historischer Ereignisse, durch die das kroatische Element hohe zahlenmäßige Verluste einbüßte. Außerdem kompliziert sich der Status der bosnisch-hezegowinischen Kroaten durch ihre doppelte Identität: einmal durch das Bewußtsein von Bosnien-Herzegowina als eigene ursprüngliche Heimat – belegt im Schrifttum der bosnischen Franziskaner vom Mittelalter bis heute – und, zum zweiten, durch die Zugehörigkeit zum kroatischen Kulturkreis. Diese Dualität dürfte eine Folge der 400-jährigen osmanischen Eroberungs-, Siedlungs- und Religionspolitik sein.
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The author analyzes the methodological concepts that have been used over the decade in the writing of the history of the Second World War in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in the other republics of the socialist Yugoslavia. He also writes about how this history was written in the last 30 years. Finally, he proposes how this topics should be approached and written today. In the era of socialist Yugoslavia, so-called “partisanship” was at applied, in other words, a way of thinking and ultimately a text that was “permeated” or to which the “communist Party” way of thinking was imposed. Since 1990, after the democratization and independence of BiH, the space of freedom has opened up. However, some historians began to produce “our history” in ethnic sense. Historians elsewhere evaluate this idea as provincial and politically driven propaganda. Fortunately, a number of papers have been published in recent years that have taken strong steps in the right direction-ideologies are analyzed, the history of violence is analyzed, attempts are made to fathom into its deeper sociological causes, into the psychological motives of the individuals.
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Many local monographs were published in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period between 2001 and 2017. Most of the monographs were related to villages, while the monographs of cities were somewhat less represented. Local history data also includes monographs on schools, businesses, sports clubs, cultural and artistic societies and families. This paper analyses the monographs from the western and northern parts of our country (Bosnian Krajina and Posavina). Local monographs seem to be increasingly popular and are read more than scholarly works in general and national history. Many local monographs at the same time do not deliver particularly high quality. Moreover, the quality of most of these monographs could be described as average or even below that. The problem is that local monographs are mostly written by persons who are not historians nor have any foundation in history criticism. Usually these authors do not distinguish between their sources and literature. Works by most of them do not have a critical apparatus in the form of notes, and their records can hardly be verified. Sometimes there is not even a list of sources and literature, and if there is one, it is modest at best, while their archival work is unknown. Wherever historians were hired as authors or co-authors, these local monographs are of much better quality. Similar can be said of those monographs whose reviewers were historians. Therefore, most local monographs have historiographic significance but not greater scientific value. The necessity of systematic study of local history imposes itself as the solution, where the best course of action would be to engage historians, especially young and talented researchers who have distinguished themselves during their undergraduate studies or have successfully completed master studies in history, and yet are jobless in their profession. This would create a dual benefit: we would get better quality monographs of villages and cities and, for the most part, would solve the problem of unemployed historians, who are increasingly present in the labour market. This would be a job for a municipal or city historian, who would not only do the work of writing local monographs, but also other tasks in the sphere of public and cultural life of the municipality or city in which they live. In order to realize this noble idea, it is necessary to have joint approach of the departments, faculties, universities, museums, archives, academies, or associations towards the institutions of government. Furthermore, greater engagement is needed in the future in order to ensure better study of local history in schools. The implementation of this idea would bring multiple benefits – greater knowledge of students about the past of their homeplaces and securing a teaching standard, with the possibility of hiring those history professors who do not work in their profession.
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This study represents an assessment of Law no. 151/2015 both from a scholarly point of view and especially from the point of view of the recent case-law. Upon analyzing this piece of legislation from a comparative standpoint as well as from the perspective of the specificities pertaining to the Romanian judicial system, we believe that the goal pursued by the legislator would be easier to achieve if an amendment/supplement were made that would aim at fine-tuning certain texts that had caused difficulties in practice.
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The scientific journal Economic Review of Tourism was created in 1968 and is continuously published by the Faculty of Economics Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica. It brings out original articles and analytical studies of domestic and foreign authors pointed on the tourism theory development. It creates a space for discussion on topical issues affecting tourism in Slovakia and in the European context. It furthermore provides publication reviews and annotations useful for theoreticians and practitioners of tourism. The journal presents an interdisciplinary approach of scientific study of tourism. In the period of years 1993 ‒ 2012 there were published scientific articles focused mainly on the tourism market, tourism demand and supply, on the management and marketing of tourism companies and destinations, on thequality in tourism and customer satisfaction, as well as on human resources and teaching in tourism, tourism economics and organizational structure in the tourism.
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A large set of photographs by the architects Miroslav and Věra Chalupníček from 1940 became a basis for the concise analysis of construction styles in the region of Blata (moorland spread between Soběslav and Veselí nad Lužnicí towns). It is stored in archival collections at the Institute of Ethnology AS CR, v.v.i. For the first sketch of the issue of styles, a part of buildings (gable) has been chosen for the submitted contribution. This part was included into a system created based on a chronological analysis that proceeds on dates mentioned on the buildings. The adumbrated hypotheses about the morphology of gables at farmhouses in Blata are documented by photos. Because of the date of their origin – these photos captured even the oldest then preserved horizon of the original timbered housing with wooden folded slabs. The photos also captured masonry buildings with thatched roofs, documented – despite date inscriptions – by the oldest types of gables with distinctive Baroque Style, which later were shaped in the Empire Style and kept the tectonic character of the design. With the development of masonry buildings since the 1830s, the surviving Baroque and Classicistic styles passed to a new quality grasped and transformed by folk settings.
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Wooden and half-wooden sacral buildings, including small sacral constructions, can be found in more funds in the photo-archives at the Institute of Ethnology AS CR, v.v.i. The focus of the contribution is on the funds titled Listing Research of the Czechoslovak Ethnographic Society, which is a result of a large field research made by the Ethnographic Society between 1952 and 1962 under the organization of Karel Chotek and Vilém Pražák. Originally, the research was aimed at the study of the Czech folk culture as a whole; later on, for the time and financial reasons, it focused mainly on the documentation of folk architecture, especially that in the borderlands or regions endangered by mining, hydraulic structures etc.
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Sper să n-ai nimic împotrivă că scriu în germană. Engleza mea e încă destul de mizerabilă, ceea ce reprezintă un handicap teribil. Că citești mult, e un imens avantaj, chiar dacă nu sunt decât romane sociale - nivelul romanului social englez corespunde ca gen neîntrecutului roman polițist american -, în timp ce eu n-am citit nici măcar un rând, fiind reținut de Vergiliu, și cu engleza de baltă pe care o vorbesc din când în când nu se poate pătrunde în spiritul limbii.
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Eram plecat când a sosit scrisoarea dumneavoastră și sufeream de o destul de neînsemnată boală a ochilor, care însă nu-mi îngăduie nici în acest moment să scriu eu însumi, fapt pentru care vă rog să iertați întârzierea acestui răspuns.
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As a field of research, Ottoman war history become enriched on the aspect of resources, research papers and methods. Particularly new findings are on the production of weaponsand their technology, military installations, logistics of war, strategies of wars, provisions, soldier enrollment, payments and assignment. Those developments on the subject is thanks to discoveries about the field evidences, new archive sources, maps, and similar collections and economic supports to the researches. Its been known that Ottomans recorded their actions since the beginning. Because of this there are lots of diffrent kinds of written sources in the “Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı”. Those documents are particular importance to the states, historians and institutions. One of those particular written source is “Kale Mühimmat Defterleri”. Those series of documents includes the primary informations on Ottoman castles and castle organisation and ammunition. This work focuses on the castle ammunion and syllabus records wich has a list concerning on the ammunition and other tools wich used at war. The aims of this work are to describe the form and function of those records and explain their contents and survey their importance on the basis of military and organisational history. To make clearly understandable the informations on those records have, five of them selected to be examined. And on the proper places in the work other similar records used to enrichment of the subject. Document examination method has been used this work and within the plan the informations on those records listed.
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Globalizaciju svjetskog gospodarstva prate globalni problemi, a globalni problemi zahtijevaju globalna rješenja na temelju ideja, vrijednosti i normi, koje poštuju sve kulture i sva društva. Priznanje jednakih i neotuđivih prava svih ljudi zahtijeva utemeljenje u slobodi, pravednosti i miru – no jednako tako zahtijeva da se pravima i dužnostima pruži jednako značenje kako bismo sagradili etički temelj koji će omogućiti da svi muškarci i žene mogu miroljubivo živjeti u zajedništvu i ostvariti svoje potencijale.
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The edition of the Alexis Curvers’ diary (Liège, 1906-1992) allowed us to discover a man anxious to produce an artwork, a novelist terribly anxious in the face of the blank page. Despite all the reserve and modesty, Curvers admits this anguish: he receives many encouragements but also suffers the reproaches – even the mockery – of his friends, wife, mentors who believe that he does not produce enough or fast enough. He took a long time to finish his masterpiece, Tempo di Roma, finally published in 1957 and when he died, we will find in his drawers only one unfinished novel, although begun shortly after the publication of tempo di Roma, Les Détours obscurs, whose title could be considered a metaphor for the novelist’s writing process.
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