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„Roboty w togach” i rozprawy na WeChatcie? Analiza przyczyn i sposobów wykorzystania nowych technologii w chińskim sądownictwie oraz charakterystyka zagrożeń z tym związanych

Author(s): Katarzyna Latek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2023

This article, based on a literature review, provides an analysis of the causes and applications of new technologies in the Chinese judiciary, and attempts a legal and ethical assessment of the hazards faced by both the developers as well as parties involved and court personnel. This issue is considered significant due to the growing extent of the application of increasingly sophisticated technological tools and their potential to effectively respond to the challenges encountered by the Chinese judiciary. The considerations presented lead to the conclusion that innovations applied in courtrooms contribute to the acceleration and facilitation of proceedings, address staff shortages, and have the potential to redefine established solutions in law. However, they are by no means a perfect remedy, and there are a number of dangers associated with their deployment, such as loss of autonomy by judges, algorithmic errors, technology bias, or over-reliance on technology. There is, therefore, a necessity to undertake further research into the application of modern technologies in the Chinese judiciary and to assess their effectiveness through the prism of the emerging risks they entail.

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Nowe technologie, informacja, dezinformacja, fake news, deepfake, hejt. Wybrane mechanizmy manipulacji w przestrzeni cyfrowej w kontekście pandemii COVID-19, kryzysu granicznego w 2021 r. i wojny w Ukrainie

Author(s): Piotr Zalewski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 2/2022

The aim of the article is an attempt to characterise the phenomenon of on-line disinformation, using the so-called fake news, deepfake and hate, and the threatthey pose, in the context of arousing social emotions and undermining trust in stateadministration institutions. The dissemination of false information on the Internetaffects the lives of specific individuals and representatives of particular social groups,as well as organisations, and even countries

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Povezanost virtualnog ponašanja na društvenim mrežama sa anksioznošću i školskim uspjehom adolescenata

Author(s): Nermin Mulaosmanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 23/2023

Today’s generation of young people is immersed in the virtual world, which increasingly leads to a negative trend - socially isolated individuals. Recently, there has been an accelerated development of social networks that have changed the way of communication and interaction between people, which has had a special impact on young people. There are multiple attempts to reduce the time spent on social networks because of the countless consequences that arise: anxiety, depression, irritability, restlessness, frequent mood swings. Therefore, the main problem was to examine the relationship between virtual behavior on social networks with adolescent anxiety while the goal was to assess the virtual behavior of young people in relation to gender and school success as well as the relationship of virtual behavior on social networks with anxiety in raising awareness of the importance of prevention and adolescent mental health care. The research was conducted among 215 high school students, ages 15 to 19 years from the Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. There were 117 male (54.42%) and 98 (45.58%) female participants. The questionnaire used to analyze virtual behavior on social networks (VPDM) is divided into six subscales (DM addiction, alienation, socializing, negative attitude, self-presentation, and virtual self). The Anxiety Rating Scale (AT 29) was used to assess anxiety. The findings show that all facets of virtual conduct on social networks are associated with anxiety. When it comes to gender differences in the examined aspects of virtual behavior, the results show that girls achieve statistically significantly higher results on the dimensions of dependence on social networks and virtual alienation compared to boys, while these gender differences did not prove to be statistically significant on other aspects of virtual behavior. In addition, with the exception of virtual alienation, the study discovered a negative relationship between academic success and features of virtual behavior. The results indicate that in order to make more rational use of social networks, strategies are needed for preventive action, the preservation of the mental health of young people and improvement of their school achievement.

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ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC CONTROL OF SECTIONS MECHANISED UNDERGROUNDS IN THE “BEGIĆI-BIŠTRANI” PIT RMU “KAKANJ

Author(s): Kasim Bajramović,Irhad Bajramović,Irfan Bajramović / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2023

The subject of this work are the sections of the mechanized hydraulic substructure, which were installed in the “Begići-Bištrani” pit of the RMU “Kakanj”. The complex of mechanized wide front (KMŠČ) consists of wide-front sections with electronic control equipment: signal control units “SCU-signal control unit” or control units, and they are installed on each section to ensure management and monitoring of other technological functions of the system. The results of the research show us that knowledge of world technology, modern mining techniques and the quality of human resources must give new momentum to underground coal exploitation in terms of mass creativity, which will later be taken over by new technological solutions. Real possibilities in the realization of these development tasks are provided by electro-hydraulic control. The starting point for the use of electro-hydraulic control is a quality database. The traditional approach to the database mainly represents a centralized database for underground exploitation, as a recurrence of centralized computer centers and information systems. In the segment of the construction of electro-hydraulic control sections of the mechanized substructure in the “Begići-Bištrani” pit of the RMU “Kakanj”, it is necessary to perform additional analyzes related to the change in the dynamics of data reading, and the implications of such changes. The implications of the fundamental theorem are, therefore, that informatics includes both people (human intellect) and technology, and that in practice it is an interactive partnership. What people can do with information resources depends primarily on what they know about the task at hand. This work aims to show how electro-hydraulic control of sections of mechanized substructure, automation and information technology can improve safety in mines, improve measures and actions to prevent injuries at work, occupational diseases, other diseases related to work and protection of the working environment.

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Governance in Peer Production Communities: the Case of Debian Project Leader Elections

Author(s): Mikołaj Rogiński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The purpose of this article is to explore the Debian Project, which is a peer production organization, and to answer the main research question of what topics were discussed in Project Leader candidates’ program statements.One of the organizational solutions, voting for the Project Leader, was subjected to detailed analysis. According to the usual practice, candidates for the leadership position each publish a program declaration. The study collected all such declarations from 1999–2020 and analyzed them using quantitative text analysis methods. As a result, it was possible to define the most important topics appearing in the declarations, and to track changes in their proportions over time. It was found that management has always been an important topic for candidates. In turn, analysis using Structural Topic Modeling showed at a detailed level which sub-topics related to management were discussed, and how their share changed over time.

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EFEKAT PRIMJENE APLIKACIJA U NASTAVI STRANOGA JEZIKA

Author(s): Jasmina Tockić-Ćeleš / Language(s): German Issue: 13/2023

Učenik je već u svojoj svakodnevici naviknut da koristi digitalne medije i njihova primjena u nastavi stranoga jezika može voditi ka poboljšanju motivacije i interakcije. U ovom radu je predstavljeno kako nove tehnologije mogu utjecati na primjenu digitalnih medija u nastavi stranoga jezika, promijeniti nastavni proces i učiniti ga efikasnijim. Sprovedeno je eksperimentalno istraživanje sa učenicima osnovne škole, pri čemu su se u nastavi koristile aplikacije Kahoot! i Book Creator. Polazna hipoteza glasi: Rezultati primjene aplikacija u nastavi Njemačkog kao stranoga jezika jasno će pokazati efikasnije postizanje nastavnih ciljeva. Rezultati testova eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe su obrađeni i upoređeni. Na osnovu analize rezultata će se diskutovati o prednostima i nedostacima digitalnih medija u nastavi stranoga jezika.

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Etyka między retoryką i sztuczną inteligencją. Komunikat w sprawie kierunków badań

Author(s): Karol Klauza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 31/1/2021

The development of communication technologies (especially with artificial intelligence) influences new understanding of rhetoric and related to it ethics. Research on the use of nanocomputers in the process of influencing the brain leads to new understanding of fundamental rhetoric such as: intercommunicator, speech (word), ethical subject. It is a matter of interest in linguistics, psychology of communication, cognitive science, semantics and biotechnology. The development of research in this field is important for the training of journalists in new and upcoming media.

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UTICAJ SAVREMENIH DIGITALNIH ALATA NA KANDIDATE SA TRŽIŠTA RADA: ANALIZA LINKEDIN MREŽE

Author(s): Sunčica Antić,Jelena Lukić Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

The application of modern digital tools for business purposes is increasingly coming to the fore due to the massive development and use of information technologies. The aim of this paper is to point out the role and importance of modern digital tools in the process of attracting candidates on the labor market. A special emphasis of the paper will be on the professional network LinkedIn, which is very popular, not only in the world, but also in the Republic of Serbia. In addition to the literature review, in this paper is conducted empirical research using a specially designed questionnaire for that purpose in order to identify the extent to which the LinkedIn network is used for professional purposes in the Republic of Serbia. A total of 59 respondents participated in the research. The largest number of respondents are under 30 years old and are currently attending undergraduate studies in the social and humanities field. Regarding the frequency of use of the LinkedIn network, more than half of the respondents visit this network once or twice in two weeks. The research results showed that 40% of respondents at least once received a job offer through the LinkedIn network, while 60% of respondents consider this network important for their career development.

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KOMUNIKACIJA NA DALJINU SA SUDOVIMA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ

Author(s): Nora Frankić,Ivan Belaj / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2023

Efforts to improve the efficiency and accessibility of the judicial system have led to a gradual increase in the use of technology in recent years. Designing a form of digital communication that will facilitate the flow, storage and access of information, and at the same time provide decision makers with a good overview of the data necessary for proper decisionmaking, represents dedicated, long-term and continuous work for the Ministry of Justice and Administration. The establishment of applications that enable digital communication requires the cooperation of institutions and knowledge of both the architecture of the application and the complexity of the internal organization of the cooperating institutions, which would always lead to reliable and valid information provision. In the judicial system of the Republic of Croatia, several platforms and tools for remote communication have been implemented, and the use of these tools differs according to the type of court and the type of case. The aim of this work is to determine the legal regulations as a basis for the establishment and use of digital tools for remote communication and to determine the possibilities of their application in relation to certain types of court proceedings with regard to their specificities.

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DIGITALNA KOMUNIKACIJA I DIGITALNE USLUGE U BANKARSTVU

Author(s): Slavica Anđelić,Aleksa Jakica / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2023

The economic crisis that occurred in 2008 affected the way banking and financial services are performed. The crisis opened the way for new entrants to change the financial services market with new technologies and business models. In recent years, neobanks have appeared, i.e. digital banks, which offer financial services through digital channels without an open network of physical branches. The digital way of doing business has enabled banks to minimize operating costs and provide access to their services for free or at minimal costs. The new way of doing business depends on the banks' interest in helping clients and represents an important form of communication in financial institutions. The relationship in communication with clients is decisive in gaining loyalty and increasing the client base. The aim of the research is the impact of digital banking on the improvement of the bank's market position in achieving the set goals. The paper highlights the advantages of digital banking in attracting more clients. The subject of the research contributed to reaching a conclusion about the influence of the quality-of-service distribution channels on service performance, which provides quality delivery and low costs. Banks use technological innovations that make it possible to reach less accessible and demanding clients. This paper shows to what extent a bank defines its digital sales portfolio and whether there are common items in that process that are used by all banks.

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DIGITIZATION OF GOVERNMENT AS A GLOBAL TREND OF THE FUTURE: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE “ELECTRONIC STATE” POLICY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE)

Author(s): Serhii Hrytsai / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Digitalization of public services is a global trend throughout the civilized world. Progressive governments of developed countries are actively implementing initiatives that have been given a very young acronym – GovTech. These are the latest digital technology solutions that make the work of the state more efficient and the lives of citizens easier. Implementation of the GovTech policy is a priority for many international projects and programs: Lisbon Council, Digi- tal Europe, European Blockchain Partnership (EBP), International Association for Trusted Blockchain Applications (INATBA), DT4UA. The purpose of the article is to form a general vision of the current trend of GovTech policy implementation, using Ukraine as an example for the period of 2020-2023. In order to achieve the goal and formulate reasonable results, the study was struc- tured in three sections: 1) Digitalization of Ukraine: introduction of modern digital technologies; 2) Ukraine’s participation in international digital projects; 3) Sharing Ukraine’s digitalization experience with other countries. The study has led to a number of conclusions. The ideology of GovTech is a two-vector message to humanity about the future: where instead of analog officials and certificates, “PaperLess” will work, and instead of cash currency “CashLess” – CBDC / cryp- tocurrency in a smartphone. Digital public services in a smartphone, and even a citizen’s passport, are already GovTech realities confirmed by the Ukrainian digital project “DIJA”. Ukraine’s success- ful experience in forming a GovTech e-state has begun to spread actively in other European Union countries (code name: “DIJA”). This shows a trend towards the development and formation of a precedent for the international GovTech format, in the form of a certain future standard (we are sure that this will be developed and researched). However, this study has shown that there are legal difficulties on the way to creating a precedent for the formation of the international GovTech format in Ukraine. The introduction of the intergovernmental GovTech format requires separate legal regulation and consideration of the issue of a fair balance of bilateral state agreements when it is introduced, which also lack relevant legal developments.

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Characteristics and parental viewpoints regarding digital device use in children aged 4 to 8 years

Author(s): Matea Bodrožić Selak,Marina Kotrla Topić,Marina Merkaš / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In the present digital age, the number of digital devices and media has multiplied, giving young children and their parents access to them anytime and anywhere. The family and home environment constitutes an important ecological context for fostering and supporting the development of safe online behaviour, as well as preventing risky online behaviour in young children. During childhood, parents play an influential role in shaping a child’s use of digital technology (DT) devices through parental practices that are shaped by their beliefs about DT. The first aim of this study was to describe preferred digital devices, activities, and emotional states related to digital device use among children aged 4 to 8 years. The second aim was to describe parental viewpoints about their children’s device use. The data was collected through online interviews with 31 children (16 girls), aged 4 to 8 years, and one parent of each of the children included in the project “Digital technology in the family: patterns of behaviour and effects on child development”. The results show that smartphones are the children’s favourite device and playing video games is their preferred digital activity. Most children reported feeling happy when they used DT devices, as well as feeling sad and angry when they had to stop using them. Parental motivation for providing children access to DT devices can be childand parent-oriented. Parents frequently emphasised the educational aspects of their children’s device use, but they were aware of the negative and positive effects on the children’s functioning. The findings indicate that children’s daily context of living in association with DT usage is characterised by small, portable devices that are used mainly for entertainment. Additionally, their parents allow the use of such devices because they believe that DT can have a positive impact on child development, and they need to occupy children’s attention in specific situations. However, DT device usage is limited due to the awareness of the negative impact on child development.

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ROBOTICS EDUCATION IN ECE: TEACHERS’ OPINION AND WAYS OF INTEGRATION

Author(s): Nicoleta Samarescu / Language(s): English Issue: SI/2023

Educational robotics in Early Childhood Education is proven to empower children to understand the basic functions of technology and become digitally literate. The article investigates the current opinion of teachers about educational robotics at preschool level. The study takes them through several stages of questioning: from what they understand robotics to be at preschool level, if they consider the integration of robotics elements useful, how easy they find the integration of these elements and how quickly they can integrate practical robotics elements into games didactic. With a well-done PhD process Educational Robotics can have maximum effectiveness throughout its life. The natural curiosity and way of thinking of the new generation are advantages that must be exploited. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of robotic education in the early education of children, although all we have to do is guide the specialists to integrate it into the teaching-learning process. The results of the quantitative analysis carried out with the help of teaching staff are presented by category and the significant differences that resulted are highlighted as well as recommendations for the integration of robotics elements in ECE activities.

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HEY ROBOT, THE MIND IS NOT ENOUGH TO JOIN THE MORAL COMMUNITY! THE EFFECT OF ASSIGNING A MIND AND A SOUL TO A HUMANOID ROBOT ON ITS MORAL STATUS

Author(s): Paweł Fortuna,Arkadiusz Gut,Zbigniew Wróblewski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Current research explored the link between beliefs about the mind, the soul, and the moral status (MS) of humanoid robot (HR). Determining the conditions for the assignment of MS to artificially intelligent agents is important from the point of view of their inclusion in the moral community. The indication of the role of beliefs about the mind and the soul is consistent with the tendency to distinguish these two incorporeal entities observed in folk psychology. In an online study, participants (N = 223), who believed in the existence of the mind and the soul, assessed the MS of the HR Sophia and assigned attributes to it; based on this, two dimensions of the mind perception (MP) were distinguished: Expe- rience and Agency. As expected, we found that the participants attributed the mind more than the soul to the robot, and these projections significantly affected the MS of the robot. Path analysis revealed that the dimensions of MP acted as a mediator in the mind-MS relationship, while the soul-MS relation- ship was direct. The analysis of the obtained results leads to a more general conclusion that the soul attribution is a diverse and parallel condition to the mind attribution in individuals.

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Cybernetic Epistemology

Author(s): Juho Lindholm / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Mainstream analytic epistemology conceives knowledge as representation: as true justified (un-Gettiered) belief. Such representation is conceived as independent of practice, its justification to consist in experience, and experience as mere observation. Such notion of experience is too narrow to take the epistemic value of experimentation into account. But science is emphatically experimental. On the other hand, John Dewey defined experience as organism–environment interaction. Such interaction is bidirectional and hence experimental by nature. It involves feedback. Cybernetics studies feedback systems. Hence, cybernetic epistemology is a consequence of Dewey’s definition. Cybernetic epistemology maintains that knowledge is practice, that is, an (approximately and relatively) invariant pattern of potential organism–environment interaction, rather than something independent of practice. In this article, I will make a case for cybernetic epistemology. It seems to dispense with the representational notion of knowledge and to provide an original justification for process ontology.

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Comprendre pourquoi on ne se comprend pas

Author(s): Valérie Billaudeau / Language(s): French Issue: 31 (1)/2023

Review of: Dacheux, E. (2023). Comprendre pourquoi on ne se comprend pas, CNRS Editions, Collection Biblis: Paris, 216 pages.

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Developing the European Villages in the Republic of Moldova taken into account the Digital Economy Society Index (DESI)

Author(s): Anatolii BABIN,Tatiana Colesnicova,Sergiu TUTUNARU / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2023

The digital competitiveness of regions of EU member states is measured by the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), a composite index summarizing the progress made in connectivity, digital skills, internet use by citizens, digital integration of enterprises, farms and digital public services, while at the local government level there is currently no single indicator measured on a regular basis. Based on recent international and national researches, it can be concluded that with the development of digital technology, a significant increase in services and solutions available to citizens digitally is expected. Recent positive experiences of EU member states, which have been analyzed in previous research papers, show that the creation of jobs in agricol sectors in rural areas contributes to increasing household incomes. The objective of our study is to analyze and implement the methods and data sources for calculating DESI indicators at the level of local administrative units in the Republic of Moldova, in the context of the National Program for the European Village, launched in spring 2022. The results of the study will be the development of recommendations for local administrations on the use of the DESI index to coordinate the European evaluation parameters. The value of this work is in reinforcing activities for localisation of smart infrastructure and spatial data taking in consideration the DESI index and innovative products of the national Innovation Centres in innovative economics, stimulating investments in the creation of Smart Villages.

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Weathering the Storm: The European Union’s Strategic Ambiguity on Twitter during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Pablo Moral / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2023

This study examines how the European Union (EU) employed strategic ambiguity as a discursive resource to manage its reputational crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. For that purpose, this research analyses tweets in English published by six central authorities of the EU in three different phases of the COVID-19 crisis (pre-crisis, acute crisis, and post-crisis). The findings reveal that during the early stages of the pandemic, characterised by higher uncertainty, European authorities often resorted to ambiguous tweets through vague metaphors, opaque information, and disjointed messages. By the end of the first COVID-19 wave these authorities progressively constructed a solid narrative that rationalised the pandemic as a challenge reaffirming the EU’s principles and capacities. This study suggests that when the EU faced more external criticism and inner discord among member states, its authorities resorted to ambiguity to strategically mitigate its reputational damage while navigating through conflicting interests in a high-pressure scenario.

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Rola regulacji prawnych wkształtowaniu treści gier imechanizmów ich promocji na przykładzie wybranych zagadnieńochrony konsumentów

Author(s): Szymon Makuch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2023

The aim of the article is to discuss in brief the role of legal regulations in shaping the content of games and the mechanisms for their promotion, using selected consumer protection issues as examples. The subject became particularly high-profile in Poland after the release of Cyberpunk 2077, but has been discussed many times around the world, and in recent years there has been a visible trend of many consumer protection authorities to look more closely at the gaming industry and react to bad practices in this area. The article cites some key examples, but also potential practical implications for publishers.

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SCIENCE VERSUS CONSCIENCE IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT. TECHNOLOGY VERSUS FUTURE WITHOUT PEOPLE. INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Author(s): Roxana-Daniela Păun / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

In the current context, but especially the future one, in which a series of crises is taking shape more and more clearly, which specialists from different fields, theorists or practitioners, researchers and the academic environment have warned that they will be established with certainty in the coming years, it becomes a priority for Romania to reposition itself in the single European market, but also in the global economy. In the conditions where the environment changes dramatically from day to day, in which economies become vulnerable, after years in a row the solution to success was considered to be the interconnection of economies (especially in Europe), and the stimulation of competition at any cost, under the pressure of the digital age that imposes new technologies and the transformation of the life and work of each of us, we are obliged to reposition ourselves this time not to perform but ONLY to resist the various forms of crisis that are foreshadowing: the energy crisis, the food crisis, the climate crisis, environmental crises, resource crises, etc. This study, presented in an interdisciplinary, sociological, philosophical, psychological, legal and economic approach presents, in current realities, a point of view corroborated with the current stage of technological development of the Romanian economy, a scenario that can be considered regarding recovery options economy of Romania, drawing attention to the human component, without which nothing can be built.

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