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Les ambiguïtés terminologiques dans la traduction spécialisée: le cas de quelques termes économiques

Author(s): Corina Dâmbean Bozedean / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Les ambiguïtés terminologiques que le traducteur rencontre dans la traduction spécialisée sont loin d’être éclairées par les dictionnaires ou les glossaires bilingues ou monolingues du domaine. C’est pourquoi dans le passage d’un terme d’une langue à l’autre, le traducteur doit maîtriser à la fois des connaissances linguistiques et extra-linguistiques. Or, l’hétérogénéité des textes à traduire sur le marché du travail, empêche souvent le traducteur de se spécialiser dans un seul domaine. Dans ce contexte, les ressources terminologiques devraient montrer une plus grande adéquation aux exigences de la traduction spécialisée, en éclaircissant plus précisément certains aspects terminologiques fondamentaux, dont celui de la synonymie, qui peut occasionner des confusions. Tel est le cas des termes « frais », « dépenses », « charges » ou bien « taxes » et « droits », dont l’étroite parenté rend difficile leur choix correct dans la traduction.

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The Role of Translation in Teaching a Foreign Language

Author(s): Andreea Năznean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article aims at presenting different arguments for and against translation in teaching a foreign language. It also recommends translation as one of many possibilities of relating English to students’ own languages. It also considers the different uses and roles of translation and bilingualism for different stages of learning and for different purposes. My intention is also to suggest ways in which translation might be incorporated into textbooks and curriculum development.

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Лингвистични аспекти в правната терминология относно изразяване на права, включително и религиозните, в международноправни документи

Author(s): Kristina Krislova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present study offers a brief discussion of the features of the modal verb shall in the International and European legal documents with a view to religious tolerance. For the purpose of the study documents as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations and The Charter of Fundamental rights of the European Union are used. The word shall is analysed from the perspective of usage, grammar and meaning. Discussed are the linguistic functions of shall in the General language and its deontic function in Legal English. The study identifies the frequent use of shall and its different meanings in legal texts. In considering the problems which shall presents in legal texts the study then proceeds with discussing the usage and meaning of shall in the English text and the Bulgarian translation of the Declaration and the Charter. Analysed are the typical translation models of shall in Bulgarian.

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Преводът на исторически реалии от гръцки език

Author(s): Dimitrios Roumpos / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

The article covers issues in translating historical culture specifics from the Greek language. Translatability of such a specific lexical unit is admissible in principle, as long as the national and historical cultural colour is preserved in accordance with the artistic experience of the target environment and with the particular social and cultural context, provided that there is no excessive transcribing or providing of numerous explanations of the culture specifics in the fiction translation. The article places emphasis on the fact that solution should be sought on a case-bycase basis, in accordance with the choices, made by the translator, their skills, attitude and the linguistic tradition.

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LOOK OUT! THERE’S A TRAP! – IDIOMS IN HUNGARIAN TRANSLATION

Author(s): Albina Puskás-Bajkó / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

From the translator’s point of view, collocations and idioms belong to rather demanding text units, which often require a high level of linguistic, communicative, cultural and translational competence. In most cases, when an idiom is translated, either its meaning is changed or it is meaningless. The analysis is primarily expected to offer an insight into the ways in which lexical collocations and idioms are commonly perceived and treated among students at the English class whose mother tongue is Hungarian. In addition, it will feed into a more general picture of translation practices in Hungary and Transylvania.

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Łacińsko-polski wokabularz Bartłomieja z Bydgoszczy. Opis podstawy źródłowej

Author(s): Maria Trawińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the article is to show the difficulties involved in compiling the Latin-Polish dictionary of Bartholomeus de Bydgostia.  Based on selected entries, the differences between the Latin and Polish parts are shown. They result from the different way of defining the Latin entries, whose author was the German humanist J. Reuchlin, and the nature of their Polish explanations added by Bartholomew. Very often, Latin headwords are explained by close synonyms of both Latin and Polish words, which do not form a coherent whole. For this reason, the meaning cannot be precisely determined for all words.

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Les seuils des registres de langue dans le processus de traduction

Author(s): Simona-Aida Manolache,Simona-Aida MANOLACHE / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

A major challenge in translating a literary text is posed by the need to replicate the linguistic registers of the original. This is the case, in particular in contemporary literature which reflects the richness and diversity of various communities and mentalities by freely exploiting resources from all linguistic registers. Modern readers are used to encounter informal and slang words and structures in what is already considered canonical literature. However, for a translator to capture the socio-linguistic and cultural nuances of the original and replicate them in translation could be an almost insurmountable hurdle. My article discusses the translation of Muriel Barbey’s novel, “L’élégance du hérisson”, into Romanian in order to highlight the thin borderline between the informal and the standard linguistic registers and to emphasize the challenges faced by the novel’s translator.

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ЖЕНСКИЕ ОБРАЗЫ В ТРЕХ ПЕРЕВОДАХ «АЛИСЫ В СТРАНЕ ЧУДЕС» ЛЬЮИСА КЭРРОЛЛА

Author(s): Irina Shishkova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article highlights the analysis of transformations of female images in the three well-known translations of “‘Alice in Wonderland”’ by Lewis Carroll: Vladimir Nabokov’s (1923), N.M. Demurova’s (1965) and B.V. Zakhoder’s (1972). Each translated text of the famous fairy tale is original. If the works of Demurova and Zakhoder enjoyed tremendous popularity in the Soviet Union, Nabokov's translation came to the Russian reader only after perestroika and to this day causes heated discussions among the numerous admirers of ‘Alice.’ The rendering of the character names and places presents a particular difficulty in the translation, as well as the English context itself. In this regard, it is interesting to consider the artistic features of verbal portraits of female characters: Alice herself, her sisters, the Duchess and the Queen. The three masters approached the interpretation of the Alice image, the prototype of which was Alice Liddell, in their own way. As you know, Nabokov renamed Alice in Anya, Demurova retained her Englishness, subtly emphasizing the mentality of the little Victorian, and Zakhoder turned her into an inquisitive girl, interested in everything in the world. Each Russian version presents witty parodies, subtle idioms, elegant wordplay, funny epithets, designed to replace Carroll’s unique style. In Nabokov’s translation the scene is laid in pre-revolutionary Russia. Demurova paid special attention to preserving the original, and Zakhoder called his translation a retelling, although he treated Carroll's text not less carefully.

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II. Abdülhamid Döneminden Bir Osmanlı Aydını Portresi: Selanikli Tevfik

Author(s): Mustafa Oğuz / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Tevfik of Thessaloniki lived between 1857-1910. He combined his fifty-three years of life with journalism, teaching, translation and writing. He translated the works of French writers into Turkish with his excellent French. Tevfik of Thessaloniki worked as a history teacher in schools and as a teacher in the School of Law. His articles, translations and serials were published in the newspapers and magazines of his time. He died in Vienna, where he went for treatment. Tevfik of Thessaloniki, who started journalism since his student years, was an Ottoman intellectual who was passionate about this profession. In this article, the life of Tevfik of Thessaloniki, the newspapers and magazines he worked for, the works he translated, his copyright studies and personality will be told. With the spread of newspapers and magazines, the number of prominent journalists and writers in the history of the press had also increased. One of these journalists and writers was Tevfik of Thessaloniki. In this study, it will be tried to contribute to the biography of Tevfik of Thessaloniki, who was in a respected position as a writer and writer throughout his life, within the framework of his life, works and what was written about him, but today he has turned into a forgotten person. Tevfik of Thessaloniki, a value that was accepted as a sheikh al-muharririn in his lifetime but then forgotten, is waiting to be rediscovered with his thousands of articles left between the pages of newspapers and magazines.

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PROBLEMI PRI PREVOĐENJU RODNO NEUTRALNOG JEZIKA SA NJEMAČKOG NA BOSANSKI/HRVATSKI/SRPSKI JEZIK

Author(s): Džana Zahirović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Upotreba rodno neutralnog jezika dobila je na značaju u mnogim zemljama posljednjih godina jer pomaže u prevazilaženju rodnih stereotipa i promoviše rodnu ravnopravnost, ali i zbog recentnih trendova u izražavanju različitih rodnih identiteta koji prevazilaze binarne rodne podjele. Ovaj trend ima velikog uticaja i na posao prevoditelja/prevoditeljki, posebno kada se prevode tekstovi s jezika koji već ima neke rodno neutralne oblike, kao što je njemački, na jezik kao što je bosanski, koji nema ustaljene rodno neutralne jezičke forme kao reč divers kojom se u njemačkom jeziku ozačavaju rodno neutralne osobe. Kroz osnove prevođenja koje smo usvojili na fakultetu, jedan od naših profesora je pokušao posao prevođenja dočarati putem metafore: "Vaš zadatak je preneti značenje. Zamislite da to značenje ima kaput, a taj kaput simbolizira jezik. Vaša vještina leži u pažljivom skidanju tog kaputa sa značenja i oblačenju kaputa drugog jezika, zadržavajući pri tome istinsko značenje netaknutim."

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Přednosti a omezení korpusové analýzy dvojjazyčného materiálu

Author(s): Aneta Čermáková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Příspěvek vychází z možností výzkumu na paralelních korpusech a soustředí se na problematiku korpusové analýzy dvojjazyčného materiálu spadající do oblasti kontrastivního studia jazyků. Nastiňuje dvě skupiny proměnných neboli faktorů ovlivňujících korpusovou analýzu na příkladu česko-ruského InterCorpu verze 15 a česko-ruského paralelního korpus NKRJa. Podrobněji se zabývá vybranými faktory a vyvozuje z nich přednosti a omezení dané analýzy

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Disciplined Interdisciplinarity

Author(s): David Jasper / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Interdisciplinarity is a word often used in contemporary universities, but little understood or practiced. “Professionalism” tends to keep academics within the narrow boundaries of their own field of research. Dorota Filipczak has long represented a different and more vibrant form in interdisciplinarity which this essay seeks to explore through a brief review of the two journals Literature and Theology and Text Matters, as well as Dorota’s early research and writing on Canadian literature and Malcom Lowry in particular. These suggestions are within the tradition of J. H. Newman’s great vision of a university in the middle of the nineteenth century, and the discussion concludes with a reflection on the conference organized by Dorota in 1998 entitled Dissolving the Boundaries.

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“Alternative Selves” and Authority in the Fiction of Jane Urquhart

Author(s): Dorota Filipczak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article engages with “alternative selves,” a concept found in The Stone Carvers by a Canadian writer, Jane Urquhart. Her fiction is first seen in the context of selected texts by Lucy Maud Montgomery, Margaret Laurence and Alice Munro, who explore the clash between female characters’ conventional roles and their “secret” selves. My analysis was inspired by Pamela Sue Anderson’s A Feminist Philosophy of Religion, which stresses the need for “reinventing ourselves as other” in the face of biased beliefs and dominant epistemology. In particular, my article refers to Anderson’s concern with Kant’s imaginary from The Critique of Pure Reason, where “the territory of pure understanding” is projected on the island, while desire, chaos and death are identified with the sea. Seen through the prism of a feminist reading of the philosophical imaginary, the sea becomes the female beyond. Urquhart’s three novels: Away, The Stone Carvers and A Map of Glass dissolve Kantian opposition between island and water, by showing how reason is invaded by desire and death, and how the female protagonist embodies the elements that have been repressed. The article ends with the analysis of a Homeric intertext in A Map of Glass, where Sylvia identifies with Odysseus “lashed to the mast” so that he would not respond to the call of the siren song. Reading Homer’s passage on the siren song, one realizes that the use of the Kantian imaginary turns Ithaca into the island of truth, and the sea into the stormy beyond, identified with desire, death and femaleness. While the Odyssey suppresses the dangerous message of the siren song, Urquhart’s fiction rewrites it and reclaims it as positive inspiration for the female protagonist.

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What Is In the Picture (and What Is Not): Canada, Women, and Autobiography in the Work of Geraldine Moodie, Eva Hoffman and Alice Munro

Author(s): Norman Ravvin / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

An artist may be drawn toward, or overtly resistant to, autobiography. The range of possible approaches affects the inward, intimate portrait they create, but also their rendering of place and time. The impact of such varied approaches can be seen in the work of three women: photographer Geraldine Moodie, memoirist Eva Hoffman, and fiction writer Alice Munro. In Moodie’s case, a documentary portrait of place and time is found in her studio and landscape photographs of Cree in south Saskatchewan, as well as in her photographs of early 20th-century Inuit at Fullerton Harbour. For Munro, in a suite of late-career pieces, the focus is Wingham, her Ontario countryside birthplace in the 1930s and ‘40s. In Lost in Translation Hoffman depicts Jewish Vancouver of the late 1950s and early ‘60s. In each of these, the portrait of place and time is ambiguously linked to autobiography. Moodie’s camera provides a seemingly objective record which lacks a guiding artistic statement, since no autobiographical record exists. Hoffman presents an overt and detailed memoir of Jewish Vancouver at the time of her Jewish Polish family’s emigration from Kraków. But her self-portrait, however intimate, leaves a great deal out, and even obscures the life of the city in a way that signals how autobiographical writing can turn in directions almost fictional, guided decisions about what to reveal. Munro’s final volume, Dear Life, ends with four short pieces described in the author’s note as “autobiographical in feeling,” and “the closest things I have to say about my own life.” These three contrasting portraits of self and place bridge a half-century in their portrayals of young women’s lives. Through them the reader learns how to seek their own autobiographical impulses as they relate to Canadian ground.

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Elizabeth Bernholz’s Gazelle Twin: Disguise, Persona and Jesterism

Author(s): Philip Hayward,Matt Hills / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The proliferation of low-cost, high-quality, digital production and distribution systems over the last two decades has allowed a range of performers to develop repertoires and careers in non-traditional contexts. While often difficult, the ability to gain traction at the fringes of the (still) highly male-dominated music industry has provided opportunities for female artists such as Grimes and FKA Twigs to achieve commercial success and critical acknowledgement. Although not as well-known as the previously named performers, Elizabeth Bernholz, who adopted the professional alias Gazelle Twin (henceforth referred to as GT) in 2009, has also carved out a distinct niche for herself as a vocalist, electronic music composer, performer and video maker. Over the past 13 years she has explored various personae, including, in the run-up to and aftermath of Brexit, that of a 21st-century jester, turning tropes of traditional Englishness against themselves. This chapter provides an analysis of GT’s personae and related creative outputs. In order to address these, the chapter engages with persona studies and deploys elements of analytical musicology, media studies and cultural studies to analyze GT’s multi-faceted output and the broader cultural contexts she has sought to represent. Writing about an artist such as Bernholz involves a complex negotiation of / switching between the performer’s perception of herself, her perception and representation of her creative persona (which has undergone various transitions) and critical responses to her work. As the chapter outlines, these complex roles and switches are as much a part of the creative entity known as GT as they are explanatory factors behind it.

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Vernacular Architecture: Posthumanist Lyric Speakers in Elizabeth Willis’s Address

Author(s): Mark Tardi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

American poet Elizabeth Willis’s award-winning fourth book of poetry Address is a collection inhabited by poisonous plants and witches, tornados and forecasts, bees and blacklists. The opening title poem foregrounds a poetic landscape of diffuse and impalpable lyric subjectivity as Willis writes, “I is to they . . . / the sun belongs to I / once for an instant / The window belongs to you.” These slurry and slippery pronouns in Willis’s poems not only aim to complicate and critique (historical) representations of women, but may also be giving voice to ghosts, hills, months or shoes. Working within the posthumanist framework of thinkers such as Donna Haraway (When Species Meet), Rosi Braidotti (Nomadic Subjects), and others, this essay seeks to examine Willis’s authorial strategy in presenting the lyric subjects of her poems that toggle between the micro- and macro-scales of human and nonhuman, self and world, invisible and imaginary, biological and alchemical, and private vs. political. Willis’s disruptions of voice and syntax offer a poetics of becoming and undoing where “When the ghost is on you, / you don’t even see it happen.” How does Willis’s animate the invisible in her poems, and, as Michael Palmer wonders, “from what site––or address––can [the poem] possible speak in the profoundly unstable currents of our time?”

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“Let me hear Thy voice”: Michèle Roberts’s Refiguring of Mary Magdalene in the Light of The Song of Songs

Author(s): Dorota Filipczak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article engages with the protagonist of The Secret Gospel of Mary Magdalene by Michèle Roberts, first published in 1984 as The Wild Girl. Filipczak discusses scholarly publications that analyze the role of Mary Magdalene, and redeem her from the sexist bias which reduced her to a repentant whore despite the lack of evidence for this in the Gospels. The very same analyses demonstrate that the role of Mary Magdalene as Christ’s first apostle silenced by patriarchal tradition was unique. While Roberts draws on the composite character of Mary Magdalene embedded in the traditional association between women, sexuality and sin, she also moves far beyond this, by reclaiming the female imaginary as an important part of human connection to the divine. At the same time, Roberts recovers the conjunction between sexuality and spirituality by framing the relationship of Christ and Mary Magdalene with The Song of Songs, which provides the abject saint from Catholic tradition with an entirely different legacy of autonomy and expression of female desire, be it sexual, maternal or spiritual. The intertext connected with The Song of Songs runs consistently through The Secret Gospel of Mary Magdalene. This, in turn, sensitizes the readers to the traces of the Song in the Gospels, which never quote from it, but they rely heavily on the association between Christ and the Bridegroom, while John 20 shows the encounter between the risen Christ and Mary Magdalene in the garden whose imagery is strongly suggestive of the nuptial meeting in The Song of Songs.

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A Catholic New Woman Artist: A Contradiction in Terms? Sex, Music and Religion in George Moore’s Evelyn Innes and Sister Teresa

Author(s): Jan Jędrzejewski / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper offers an overview of George Moore’s long-neglected novels Evelyn Innes (1898) and its sequel Sister Teresa (1901), focusing on the presentation of their eponymous protagonist as a woman, an artist, and a committed if independent-minded Roman Catholic. The two novels constitute an extended study of the relationship between artistic inspiration, sensuality, and religious experience: Evelyn Innes, an opera singer who ultimately chooses to join a religious order and become a nun, tries to reconcile in her life the conflicting demands of her vocation as an artist, her passionate nature, her personal and religious loyalties, and the expectations of Victorian society. Focusing on the novels’ interwoven musical and religious imagery, the chapter traces the presentation of Evelyn’s growth as a character, arguing, in the context of the development of late Victorian fiction, that she emerges as a rare example of a Catholic New Woman artist; at the same time, the novels shed some light on George Moore’s perception of the interface of the issues of aesthetics, gender, and religion in the context of turn-of-the-century British and Irish social, literary, and cultural life.

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Cherishing the Body: Embodiment and the Intersubjective World in Michèle Roberts’s Playing Sardines

Author(s): Marta Goszczyńska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The essay sets out to analyze selected stories from Michèle Roberts’s 2001 collection, Playing Sardines, in the light of theories of embodiment. Opposing the Cartesian body/mind dualism, these theories refuse to view the body merely as an object or an imperfect instrument over which the mind must exercise control. Instead, they insist on recognizing the embodied character of human experience by portraying the body as intricately engaged with the surrounding world. As I will demonstrate, these views find their reflection in Roberts’s fiction, whose purpose has always been, as she declares, “to rescue the body and cherish it and love it and touch it and smell it and make it into language” (“January”). This self-appointed project seems to me to be consistent with the approach of embodiment theorists, who also “rescue” the reputation of the body by identifying it as an ethically productive locus of intersubjectivity. My argument in the essay will be threefold. First of all, I will discuss Roberts’s stories as sharing with the philosophies of embodiment their skepticism towards the Cartesian body/mind dualism. In particular, I will focus on stories depicting the negative consequences of privileging the mind over the body, a stance that Sonia Kruks identifies as leading to what she refers to as “antagonistic intersubjectivity” (39–42). In the second part, I will move on to discuss scenes dramatizing the moment of liberation, granted to many of Roberts’s characters as they break free from damaging interpersonal relationships and/or move towards more positive interactions with others. Finally, in the third part of the essay, I will consider these positive, mutually affirmative experiences of intersubjectivity.

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On Spaces Within and Between: Dorota Filipczak’s (Embodied) Visions of the Sacred

Author(s): Monika Kocot / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

On the cover of her debut book of poems entitled W cieniu doskonałej pomarańczy, Dorota Filipczak shares an insight which might be treated not only as an important gateway to the realm of her poetry but also to her academic writing—“I’m passionate about the sacred in poetry and prose, and ways of its unconventional interpretation. Writing poetry and literary criticism is like looking at one and the same landscape through two separate windows” (translation mine). This essay explores a number of unconventional interpretations of the sacred in Filipczak’s poems, but it also points to similar practices in her academic writing. The image of two windows and one landscape serves as a metaphor describing the two modes of Filipczak’s writing. In order to show how this metaphor works in her poetry, I look at selected pieces from all her books of poems. In my analyses, I refer to essays by Marek Czuku and Wojciech Ligęza who focus on the link between body, mind, landscape, and myth in Filipczak’s poetry. My intention is to develop their insights and show how various metaphors of the body/body-mind are interconnected with the theme of spirituality, female empowerment, trauma and Polish history, and how they foreground the importance of places and spaces in Filipczak’s writing.

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