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Problemy walencji w tekście poetyckim

Author(s): Magdalena Danielewiczowa / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

The article deals with creative violations of the semantic limitations of predicates in Polish poetry. Until now, this problem has not been consistently taken into account, although it opens new research perspectives in the field of linguistics and literary studies. Characteristics of the words used in a given text in terms of their valency structure allow to draw the boundary between the poetry from earlier periods and its more avant-garde forms. The way in which the problem is solved in artistic texts can also be an important criterion for distinguishing between one author’s poetic workshop and the artistic strategy of another. It also allows you to follow how the poets gradually familiarize the reader with the creative technique studied in this article, what additional tools they use to encourage him to make an interpretive effort. From the theoretical point of view, the relationship between the question of semantic-syntactic modifications in the modern poetry and the problem of metaphor, metonymy, comparison, zeugma, syllepsis and similar tropes is also interesting. In the main part of her article, the author gives examples of creative violations of the principles of deep syntax in selected poems of B. Leśmian, K. K. Baczyński and Z. Herbert. This allows us to pay attention to three different approaches to the analysed issue.

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Formy wiersza jako nośniki znaczeń

Author(s): Teresa Dobrzyńska-Janusz / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

Investigation of verse forms and their functioning in literary texts leads to the conclusion that they may be employed as bearers of semantic values. The present paper is going to show the richness of this resource. The semantic values of various verse structures are interpreted here in terms of the semiotic categories introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce: as symptoms, symbols, or iconic signs. The basis for this kind of reflection is earlier research in Polish verse structure and a systematic study of various verse forms and their linguistic morphology conducted by a group of Polish and other Slavic researchers (the results of their collaborative work have been published in the “Comparative Slavic Metrics” series („Słowiańska Metryka Porównawcza”); a particular interest to the semantic function of verse forms is a hallmark of the volume (Semantyka form wierszowych (1988)). The semantic function of the rhythmical organization of an utterance may be found even in antiquity and can be noted in many cultures. Rhythmical utterances were treated there as standing in opposition to non-metrical everyday speech and as vehicles of such cultural values as “sacred”, “solemn”, “important for the community”. The semantic value of a metrical structure can be attributed to the fact that verse forms function as filters of various linguistic units and that the metrical organization of a text determines its stylistic characteristics. This stylistic value may be employed and interpreted in many different ways, for instance to represent the social status of the speaker or to differentiate between various literary genres. Many metrical forms perform an iconic function (which depends not only on the rhythmical organization of a text but also on its verbal and conceptual content). Some semantic values are derived from the intertextual relationships of a poem and result from the position of its verse form in the verse form system of a given literature. Verse structure may also be seen as a kind of author’s signature, and it may be employed to perform axiological functions. Many such cases have been illustrated in the paper.

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Relevance theory and poetry: An inferential analysis of Philip Larkin’s “Mr Bleaney”

Author(s): Héctor Luis Grada Martinez / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

Recently, relevance theory has been increasingly used in literary studies. However, little research has examined the role of inferences in the interpretation of a poem. This article illustrates how pragmatics and, more precisely, relevance theory, may provide a scientific, cognitive ground to understand how poetic interpretation is constructed through the reader’s inferences. To do so, I analyse “Mr Bleaney”, by British poet Philip Larkin (1922-1985), as a case study for applying relevance theory concepts to literary interpretation. Specifically, I analyse inferences that may be drawn from the poem’s linguistically encoded word meanings, and how such inferences are influenced by the poem’s sonorous qualities, like rhythm and meter. The resulting reading emphasises the poet’s identification with a stranger, Mr Bleaney, who by the end of the poem emerges as an alter ego upon whom the poet projects his own existential fears. Because relevance theory is not prescriptive, it may also be useful in explaining dissenting readings, as shown by briefly comparing the resulting “pessimistic” interpretation of the poem with an “optimistic” one offered by Wayne Booth (2014). Thus, I suggest that inferential analysis may improve dialogue among critics dealing with the same literary work. Overall, I argue that inferential analysis based on relevance theory may help explain interpretations in poetry and thus become a firm first step towards a better understanding of other aspects of aesthetic and poetic effects.

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Metafora i świadomość w wypowiedziach poetyckich Krzysztofa Kamila Baczyńskiego

Author(s): Wacław Grzybowski / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

On the basis of Paul Ricoeur’s, Aleksandra Okopień-Sławińskia’s, Maria Mayenowa’s and Max Black’s theories of metaphor, I undertake an attempt of interpretation of Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński’s poetry. The historical-literary context outlined by Stanisław Stabro in his study of Baczyński’s texts becomes an important help in my attempt at the uniting theory of metaphor with theory of consciousness. The combination of the concept of the literary I of Okopień-Sławińska with the Neotomistic Personalizm of Karol Wojtyła and Mieczysław Krąpiec OP allows me to delineate the concept of poetic consciousness expressed in metaphor.

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Introspektywny kokon reinterpretans. Kora Ola Ola! – latynoskie polonicum Kory Sipowicz

Author(s): Jakub Jaworski / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is the intercultural dialogue which emerges out of the musical undertaking “Kora Ola Ola!” (2003) of the Polish artist Kora Sipowicz. The collection comprises various reinterpretations of the twentieth century Polish lyrical works in a Latin arrangement, accompanied by some other Polish, Spanish and English songs, especially those formerly performed by the very artist herself with the famous Polish band, Maanam. In the composition resound convergent transatlantic echoes of mystical poetry, Graeco-Roman mythology, Christian culture and philosophical reflections. The author attempts to delimit the peculiar amalgam of individual Polish identity in this specific, intertextual and intercultural set-up by means of an interdisciplinary analysis and interpretation of particular poetic works and cultural description of their musical arrangement. Moreover there is proposed an analysis and interpretation of the poet’s language, in which the presence of occasionalisms and deictic expressions bring about deformations of the temporal structure. This kind of “estrangment” (ostranenie) contributes to a deconstruction of linguistic (or cultural) automatisms. In the context of interaction and synergy of many cultural codes imposing contradictory requirements, it may help us get closer to the transcultural condition, in terms of the theory developed by Ewa Łukaszyk.

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Discourse new entities and composition of lyric poem: Foreground as the most informative part of discourse

Author(s): Gennadij Zeldowicz / Language(s): English,Russian,Polish Publication Year: 0

According to (Сильман 1977), the main compositional divide in lyrical discourse is that between presentation of the author’s emotional/mental experience, which normally constitutes the backgrounded part of the text, and some generalization implying discovery of a significant truth and/or change in the author’s attitude towards the world, which in most cases becomes the foreground. While in general this distinction may be marked by a vast range of linguistic devices, it is hypothesized in the article that one of the major characteristic features of the foreground of lyrical poem is its strive for greater informativeness, and it is manifested, inter alia, by considerably higher incidence of discourse new entities in foregrounded fragments. This claim is supported by counts based on analysis of 100 outstanding poems written mostly in Russian.

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FUGA MUNDI NA PRZYKŁADZIE ŻYWOTA ŚWIĘTEGO IDZIEGO GUILLAUME’A DE BERNEVILLE

Author(s): Joanna Gorecka-Kalita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

While oriental Christianity valued mostly anchoritic life, the medieval West was more reserved towards it, preferring coenobitic forms. Yet the “Eastern hermit” remained an idealized point of reference in Western hagiography, which often tried to reconcile these two inspirations. The paper investigates the 12th century Life of Saint Giles by Guillaume de Berneville, seeing it as a typical example of such a narrative: its hero flees the world in search of salvation, but after years of solitary life ends up becoming an abbot of a prosperous monastery.

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DUCHOWE POŻYTKI Z PODRÓŻY I DIABELSKIE PUŁAPKI NA DRODZE DO ZBAWIENIA NA PRZYKŁADZIE DWÓCH TEKSTÓW Z XIII W.

Author(s): Agata Sobczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In two very different thirteenth-century texts, the theme of travel is treated in analogous but seemingly contradictory manner. These texts are: Life of Mary of Egypt, and Saracen Woman, a story from the collection of La vie des pères. The lesson of Life of Mary of Egypt says that it is necessary to go out, and the lesson of the Saracen Woman – that this is dangerous for the salvation of the soul. In fact, the adventure told in the second text is just as salutary as that of the first one: both characters are healed of pride. It seems, therefore, that one should always go out even when it seems it should not be done.

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SCHRONIENIE CZY PUŁAPKA? ROLA PRZESTRZENI ZAMKNIĘTEJ W XIII-WIECZNYCH OPOWIEŚCIACH O KOBIETACH UCIEKAJĄCYCH W MĘSKIM PRZEBRANIU

Author(s): Joanna Augustyniak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Women disguised as men usually have access to open space providing them with freedom, which traditionally men take advantage of. Some of the women, though, reach the closed spaces such as grottos or cells of a recluse, which become not only their shelter but also the place of their spiritual improvement. In a secular sphere, though, the closed room becomes a trap for the disguised woman: although she was successful in the battlefield, in the queen’s bedroom she will not be able to fulfill the role of a lover and will be forced to resign from her ambiguous identity.

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ZMYSŁOWOŚĆ WĘDROWCA: POWIEŚĆ OBERMAN SENANCOURA

Author(s): Joanna Ciemińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This study examines the theme of wandering present in the correspondence of the narrator of Étienne de Senancour’s novel Oberman (1804) in connection with sensations which he has while travelling or which he relates to the journey. His attitudes towards wandering are reflected in the way he interprets the sensory input perceived while traversing the space. This research, combining literary analysis with methodological presuppositions of the anthropology of the senses, serves to show the psychological role of the physical effort for the narrator, who perceives his own sensuality as a source of knowledge of both himself and the great nature.

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POLSKA NOWELA MASUCCIA (ZBIÓR NOWEL; IL NOVELLINO, N. 42) WOBEC NARRACJI GALLA ANONIMA: MITYZACJA HISTORII Z WYGNANIEM W TLE

Author(s): Barbara Marczuk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Masuccio’s 42nd novella, narrating the story of the cruel “ Polishqueen”, is considered to be completely fictional. In my paper I put forward the thesis that the protagonist of the story is a historical figure: Judyta Maria (1047–1105), the second wife of Prince Władysław Herman. This is evidenced by the fact that Masuccio’s narrative in many points coincides with the version included in the Polish Chronicle of Gallus A nonymus. In both cases, the history of the queen, with exile as a leading motif, is subject to the procedure of mythification. The analysis of this process is based on the methodology proposed in the works of Mircea Eliade.

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FRANCUSKI PRZEKŁAD TEATRU OKRUCIEŃSTW HERETYKÓW (1588) RICHARDA VERSTEGANA – CZYLI PODRÓŻ DO WARSZTATU XVI-WIECZNEGO POLEMISTY

Author(s): Dariusz Krawczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to understand and explain the motivations that drove Richard Verstegan to propose in one volume a double translation of his famous work Theatrum crudelitatum hereticorum nostri temporis (original edition of 1587, French translation of 1588). It will constitute a kind of visit to the workshop of a Catholic polemicist installed in Antwerp and intending his writings to be spread especially in England of Elisabeth I and in France of Henri III. It will explain that it was not only the financial, political and polemical factors which pushed the author to publish such an editorial oddity, but also the aesthetic ones, which influence the reception of the message transmitted by the book.

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CARLO GOLDONI I JEGO EGZOTYCZNA PODRÓŻ NA WSCHÓD

Author(s): Jolanta Dygul / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In 1731–1766, the first edition of a multi-volume work by Thomas Salmon, an English traveler, entitled Modern History or the Present State of all Nations. Describing Their Respective Situations, Persons, Habits, Animals and Minerals (London 1717–1738), translated into Italian, was published in Venice. In one of his volumes, the author discussed the history and reality of Persia, which was later borrowed by Carlo Goldoni seeking new inspirations for his theatre repertoire. Goldoni used a lot of information from this historical source and some details were almost literally quoted in his three tragicomedies, set in this exotic country. In 1753, the playwright achieved such a great success of La sposa Persiana that following the request of the Venice audience, Goldoni wrote two more episodes in the next years: Ircana in Julfa (1756) oraz Ircanain Ispaan (1757). The Venetian audience could watch in the exotic Persian setting the adventures of a wild and passionate slave named Ircana, played by a talented Florentine actress Caterina Bresciani. The aim of the article is to show how in the text, but also on the Italian stage, the world of the Orient – fashionable in the 18th century – was reproduced and brought to life.

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UCIECZKA Z MROCZNEGO KOSZMARU, CZYLI DROGA DO WOLNOŚCI KSIĘŻNEJ C***

Author(s): Łukasz Szkopiński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Histoire intéressante de Madame la Duchesse de C*** (1783) by Stéphanie Félicité de Genlis, previously published as a part of Adèle et Théodore, ou Lettres sur l’éducation (1782), tells the story of an Italian aristocrat imprisoned for nine years in a castle dungeon by her jealous husband who had faked her death. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the way in which the author describes the Duchess’s long struggle in her prison, with a special emphasis put on the particularly meaningful motifs of light and darkness. The second part of the article focuses on the consequences which this traumatic experience had on the victim and her approach towards life as well as on her thoughts concerning her turbulent past, her relationship with her husband and her own mistakes.

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WYPRAWA JEANA DE LÉRY DO BRAZYLII (1557) – REALIZACJA MARZEŃ CZY PODRÓŻ STRACONYCH NADZIEI?

Author(s): Dorota Szeliga / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In 1578, twenty years after his return from an expedition to Antarctic America, Jean de Léry published his History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil, Also Called America. A group of Protestants from Geneva had been invited by Villegagnon, Knight of Malta to Fort Coligny in Guanabara Bay. This article is an attempt to analyze the causes that led to the failure of the French colony in Brazil. The religious conflicts that occurred on the spot, transferred from France, show how complicated the spiritual life was at the time.

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JUANA MÉNDEZA NIETO PODRÓŻ PRZEZ ŻYCIE – DYSKURS AUTOBIOGRAFICZNY MIĘDZY FIKCJĄ A RZECZYWISTOŚCIĄ

Author(s): Katarzyna Płaczek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to analyse particularities of the autobiographical discourse in the first part of Medical Discourses (Discursos medicinales) by Juan Méndez Nieto. It presents the circumstances in which this unusual treatise was created, and comments on the peculiarity of its structure in terms of a possible influence of the picaresque genre, the fundamental model of autobiography in Spanish literature in the 17th century. It also focuses on the importance of the concept of a journey for the structure and interpretation of the text.

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ODERWAĆ SIĘ OD ZIEMI: PODRÓŻ CZY UCIECZKA? PAŃSTWA I CESARSTWA SŁOŃCA CYRANA DE BERGERAC

Author(s): Maja Pawłowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The short stay of Dyrcona on Earth after his return from the Moon, presented at the beginning of The States and Empires of the Sun, is in fact a continuous tension play between open and closed space. The closure is symbolized by a ship, the state of Colignac and Cussan and, finally, the Tower of Toulouse. The opening is symbolized by numerous journeys of the hero and his escape from the streets of Toulouse. While the rhythm of movement continues to accelerate, the journey turns into an escape and the escape into throwing (exile) in the cosmos.

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PODRÓŻ – UCIECZKA PRZED WYGNANIEM? Z KŁAMSTWA DO PRAWDY, PRZEPRAWA MARIVAUX

Author(s): Izabella Zatorska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

What is the danger of travelling to the True World (le Monde Vrai)? That is the travel which the narrator of some last issues of Le Cabinet du Philosophe published by Marivaux in 1734, proposes to his readers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the philosophical sense of this travel, a social and anthropological initiation, turning out to be a meta-literary utopia coming closely to auto-pastiche. For the modernists, such as Marivaux, an aesthetic deformation may be a way to find the truth. It is the ethic intention that counts.

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PODRÓŻNIK NOWEGO GATUNKU – HISTOIRE D’UN POU FRANÇOIS FRANÇOIS DELAUNEYA

Author(s): Przemysław Kossakowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

François Delauney’s Histoire d’un pou françois is a late eighteenth-century satire against the young United States, kingdoms of France and Spain, as well as the British parliamentary Whig opposition to George III’s government. A French louse travels through countries, reading people’s thoughts and blaming their vices. Delauney’s satire is also a defence of the British parliamentary monarchy against republicanism and absolutism, and, above all, a virulent lampoon on the mankind’s meanness, its vices and ambitions contrasted with the louse’s philosophical attitude.

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PODRÓŻ SENTYMENTALNA DO FRANCJI ZA CZASÓW ROBESPIERRE’A

Author(s): Marek Mosakowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The fall of Robespierre not only constitutes a major turning point in the history of the French Revolution, it also means a dramatic reorientation of the literary scene in France. A brand new genre, namely roman noir, which originated in England in the 1760s, finally reached France, stirring the recently unsettled French imagination and producing many literary works worthy of attention. This paradoxical infatuation of the French writers with English gothic and horror stories can be primarily attributed to the direful experiences of the guillotine and the Great Terror, which ravaged France with particular intensity during several momentous weeks preceding Robespierre’s spectacular demise in July of 1794. Thus literature offered a perfect vehicle for soothing the French traumatic memories of the Jacobin regime. One of such works was a semi-fictional novel by François Vernes, entitled Le voyageur sentimental en France sous Robespierre.

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