Lingua colorum nell’”Egloga III” di Nemesiano

Author(s): Anna Kucz / Language(s): Italian Publication Year: 0

The expressions which determine colours are indispensable element of the world description in Nemesianus’ Eclogues. Their specification provides further precious information about the models of perception and interpretation of the world presented in the works written by the Carthaginian poet in the third century A.D. I would like to show in what way mentioned poet exploits colours in the world representation. Carrying out research on the linguistic material I put great emphasis on updating linguistic and cultural connotations in one of the Carthaginian poet’s Eclogues. As far as the colours indicating is concerned, it is necessary to highlight its strong connection with social tradition embodied in the Latin poetry.

Les données de l'onomastique byzantine et grecque touchant la prononciation du „Ѣ“ vieux bulgare

Author(s): Ivan Petkov Galabov / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Życie naznaczone sportem. Stałe i zmienne elementy sportowych biografii

Author(s): Agnieszka Zalewska-Meler / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the present text was to capture common and untypical elements of sports biographies that were part of the time of interest and later involvement in competitive sport. On the basis of individual sports history, they tried to determine their regularity, recognize the problems associated with building an authentic and very often independent vision of themselves in the field of physical culture. The analysis of biographical texts (in accordance with the principles of hermeneutic interpretation) was accompanied by a graphical presentation of the process of events and experiences that have a decisive influence on the understanding of the philosophy accompanying the building and development of sports careers.

Biografistyka w humanistyce i naukach społecznych – kilka uwag

Author(s): Dorota Sieroń-Galusek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author analyses how in the Polish humanities and social sciences the biographical method changes. The traces of the change she finds in recent scientific literature from the fields of literary studies, sociology, pedagogy and history. She also attempts to sketch a draft features distinguishing the biographist among researchers.

Опит върху литературния ХХ век. Хипотеза и методологически импликации

Author(s): Cleo Protokhristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This text discusses the possibility for the literary twentieth century to be rationalized as a definite given. Focusing on this problem is a reflex of the fashionable in the last few decades fundamental questioning of the capacity and validation of historicist discourse. The routine uses of the concept of a “literary century” are juxtaposed to an alternative construct, pragmatically applicable because based on a notion of entirety, imagined in relative synchronicity and marked by a paradigm of availabilities.As a result of this strategy, an alternative image of the literary twentieth century springs up. Unlike the traditional literary-historicist perspective, this image comes from a sort of ‘mapping’ as its role is to establish the compatibility of selected components and then to systematize them. Such a strategy certainly prioritizes synchronic over diachronic overview and posits the domination of paradigmatic over syntagmatic patterns.

Ferrying a Thinker Across Time and Language

Author(s): Galin Tihanov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article is an attempt to understand how the work of a thinker travels across time, and what journeying through languages and cultures has to do with these peregrinations. There is more at stake in this process than the certainty of canonization would suggest. Building on my previous work, I want to examine the principal trajectories of appropriating Bakhtin in the West since the 1960s; this will allow me to revisit the question of Bakhtin’s longevity, and the potential of his work to gain traction in current debates on world literature. The agenda of reviving and opening up Modern Languages is inseparable from thinking through their encounters within the practice of translation, and Bakhtin’s work can serve as a litmus test of appropriation that involves constant meta-reflexion on what constitutes translation in different cultural zones.

Литературата като фабрика, литературознанието като фабрика

Author(s): Rumyana Zlatanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The emergence of Russian formalism as a literary-theoretical school in the 1910s coincides with the systematic and violent implementation of communist state order in Soviet Russia. Although the first years after the October Revolution were mainly characterized by physical terror and atrocities, soon after the assumption of power the communist regime introduces as an additional implementation tool a severe ideological censorship forcing all agents in the cultural field – individuals, groups and institutions – to act as promoters of communist propaganda. One of the distinguished trends in the propaganda especially in the period 1918-1923 was the development of the concept of the so-called “production art”. Particularly in this environment and as part of their own participation in the debate, the leading members of Russian formalism Viktor Shklovsky and Osip Brik launched a theoretical analogy between literature and factory, on the one hand, and between literary studies and factory, on the other. The paper describes and discusses the gradual structuring of this two-fold analogy in some works of the two literary scholars in the period 1917-1929. It focuses especially on two aspects. Namely: how the analogy was integrated into the overall literary theory of Russian formalism, and how the two literary scholars used the analogy in order to outwit the communist doctrine.

Още веднъж за изпитанията на авторството

Author(s): Radosvet Kolarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the doomed to failure efforts to break the bond between writing and the biographical personality of the author, to erase the traces of his biography. Emphasis is put on the responsibility of the writer to the society in which he lives. It is pointed out that the modern paradigm, outlined by the chaos theory, the catastrophic theory, dissipative systems, as well as by the so called “butterfly effect”, puts in a new light the possibility of the writer to have an effect on the social system.

От смъртта на автора до възвръщането на една писателка

Author(s): Milena Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article stems from the popular concept “crisis of authorship”, promoted by the Russian literary scholar Mihail Bakhtin, implemented and developed by Atanas Buchkov in his works throughout the years. The crisis of authorship gradually developed into a new concept, “the death of the author”, in the context of French post-structuralism. Yet, Bulgarian literature knows another process which could be called “oblivion of the author”. What I have in mind is its capacity to forget, sometimes completely, some writers even among those who have been well known in their time. Such is the case with Evgenia Dimitrova (1875-1930), the best known Bulgarian woman prose writer during the first three decades of the 20th century, author of the first psychological novel in our literature. The article aims to revive and to introduce her name and her works in the history of Bulgarian literature.

"Не съм": Естетическа волеизява и апофатически определения

Author(s): Albena Hranova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the “I am not…” formula of Bulgarian lyric poetry and refers to two specific cases – that of a 1873 satirical poem of Bulgaria’s greatest poet of the nineteenth century Hristo Botev, and that of Nikolay Liliev’s lyrical discourse, a paragon of Bulgarian symbolism of the second and third decades of the twentieth century. Botev rejected his own context by making an apophatic canon, a list of writers taken as laughing stock. Liliev did not pronounce any writers’ names yet he rejected the social images and roles of the writers of his decade. Thus, by negating names and discourses or by negating writers’ roles and images, both authors aimed at definitely declaring their bias of non-belonging to their literary contexts.

Световна литература & Превод: Рапсодия за две понятия

Author(s): Lyubka Lipcheva-Prandzeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present paper traces the reasons for the mutual (mis)recognition of two in essence intrinsically semantically inter-related concepts: World literature and translation. By chartering some stages in the cultural debates about them in the period between the 19th and the 21st century (Goethe, Auerbach, Schleiermacher, Ortega y Gasset and a number of contemporary scholars), the analysis does not aim at presenting a panorama but at elucidating the biases and prejudices that led to this “theoretical shortsightedness”: the high expectations of cosmopolitanism from the beginning of the 19th century, the sharp negativism towards mass culture, the denial of the creative essence of translation, today’s heightened demands for inter- and transcultural communication, behind which we can very often straightforwardly discern, among other things, market mechanisms.

За диалозите в литературата, политкоректността и инакомислието

Author(s): Inna Peleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study is focused on Yordan Radichkov’s novel Everyone and No-one (1975). At first glance, the work meets the normative requirements of socialist realism for “correct” artistic representation of reality. A closer scrutiny, however, will discern in Radichkov’s text a number of “incorrect” things, among which one can feel the expression of deep disappointment over the unfulfilled (and unfulfillable) project of the Revolution to create a new (better) man and a new (better) world. This disappointment partly manifests itself in the peculiar dialogue with Geo Milev’s poem September – one of the most powerful “prophetic” articulations of left-wing ideology in the Bulgarian context…

"Поэма осени" Рубена Дарио в переводе Геннадия Шмакова и "Пьяцца Маттеи" Иосифа Бродского: Проблема влияния

Author(s): Alexandr Stepanov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The object of study is the comparative analysis of Ruben Dario’s Poem of Autumn, translated by Gennadiy Shmakhov, and Joseph Brodsky’s “Piazza Mattei”. The aim is to find grounds for the possibility of Shmakhov’s influence on Brodsky’s work. Both poems are written in rhymed 4-to-2 step iambic quatrains with a slight difference in the structure of clauses: in Shmakhov’s translation there is the alternation of male and female endings, while in Brodsky’s poem we find only female ones. In the course of the analysis, we come to the conclusion that the rhythm, the tonality, the topical structure and the atmosphere of love of life with elements of hedonism, as well as the mythological semantics of some images of Ruben Dario’s poem could be taken to persist in Brodsky’s memory and to somehow manifest themselves in Piazza Mattei. Even if Brodsky had not known Shmakhov’s translation, still the typological proximity of the two poems makes an interesting example of literary interrelations.

Как геният ни се вдражава, или още веднъж за понятията от областта на културата през българското Възраждане

Author(s): Adelina Strangeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article considers the process of assimilation of aesthetic and cultural concepts in mid-nineteenth century Bulgarian literature. It comments on the place of these new terms in books, textbooks, and popular science editions, and compares their interpretation and understanding by different authors.

От фейлетона и разказа до романа

Author(s): Ivan Ruskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Stoyan Zaimov is the first reviewer who analyses in detail the biography of Hristo Botev‘s by Zahari Stoyanov. Zaimov shows weaknesses of different types, he adds and corrects facts from Botev‘s life. On the other hand, he admires the pages in which Zahari Stoyanov, in his inimitable style, displays events and scenes from Botev‘s life and those of the Bulgarian revolutionaries. In his analysis Zaimov uses a metaphorical language clear for the wide range of readers; in addition, however, he uses a terminology which would require a special audience (including terms like feuilleton, short story, drawing, novel, political novel, historical novel, biographical-historical novel, the term novel-biography is also implicated). As a whole, the biographical work has been evaluated as a superb accomplishment. According to Zaimov, the author Zahari Stoyanov has managed the difficult task of writing a history of the Bulgarian people and at the same time – a personal biography of Botev.

Current changes in the english verb

Author(s): Iulia Ignatiuc / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The present article is an overview of essential grammatical changes that have recently occurred in the Modern English verb. The article draws on works by Geoffrey Leech, Christian Mair, Marianne Hundt and Randolph Quirk. Although these changes are referred to as current, some of them started in the first half of the twentieth century. The emphasis in the paper was on the major changes related to the increase in use of continuous forms, decline of be-passive, decrease in the use of some modal verbs and increase in the use of semi-modals, and the revival of the mandative subjunctive. These changes are of particular interest for teachers of English.

Kształtowanie się pojęcia czasu w językach słowiańskich

Author(s): Grażyna Rytter / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The history of determining time in Slavic languages is the result of abstract and simultaneously classifying activities of human consciousness. The methods of marking time reflect the recognition of the surrounding world based on a specific experience of tribal and family life, on observation of cyclical changes of seasons in nature, phases of the moon, sunrise after sunset, day and night. Christianity spread among Slavs the ways of determining time, that were typical of ancient culture.

Trwałość idealnego terminu na przykładzie polskiej terminologii medycznej przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Lucyna Agnieszka Jankowiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The analysis is based on the best 940 terms (ideal terms) from synonymic strings contained in Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej (English: Polish Medical Terminology Dictionary) of 1881. The purpose of this analysis is to determine the sustainability of the ideal terms between 1881 and 1905 when the next medical dictionary was published. The ideal terms maintain their position at a rate of 67%, which shows that the choices of names made by physicians in the 2nd half of the 19th century were correct. At the same time, the sustainability of the ideal terms has been accompanied by negative processes: the synonymy is being insignificantly reduced on one hand while being even multiplied on the other hand.

Słowotwórcze i leksykalne zróżnicowanie formacji wariantywnych na przykładzie gwarowych nazw człowieka, który stale kłamie

Author(s): Renata Marciniak-Firadza / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Dialects, constituting one of the most representative varieties of spoken Polish language, result to be an especially fruitful area for the research in expressive vocabulary. This is because, on one hand, they contain a higher diversity of linguistic means used in creation of expressive names than literary language, and, on the other hand, they have an advantage over general Polish with respect to expressive formations. Names referring to humans provide an exceptionally rich material as they are emotionally charged, negatively in the majority of cases. This is due to the fact that expression of feelings and judgments belongs to the area of language behaviors that can be observed in spontaneous direct human contact. Human behavior is subject to a determined set of values developed in a specific environment, and in the countryside, where everyone knows each other, this value assessment is more apparent. This article shall present the richness of the names referring to a person who constantly lies. Derivatives written down during the field exploration of the Lesser Poland and Mazovia border area display a diversification both lexical (e.g. brechacz, chełchun, cmanik, łgacz, kłamiec, picant, wywijas, zbereśnik) and derivational (e.g. kłamca, kłamiec, kłamacz, kłamuśnik, kłamczuk, kłamus; łgun, łgarz, łgus). The purpose of this article is to show the formal exponential values behind the pejorative expressions and semantic elements forming their expressive (pejorative) value found in their formative bases.

O niektórych porządkach w języku i tekście

Author(s): Joanna Sobczykowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the present observations is the phenomenon of the list, a form of notation resulting from acts of ordering of language or of a text. The argument presented in this article focuses upon three examples of listings, illustrating the evolution of the phenomenon at three different stages of the development of oral and written language: 1) the register in the 16th century print edition of the Bible; 2) the manuscript of an ancient diagram explaining relations in the structure of the text of the four gospels; 3) self-registration of the earliest words (holophrases) in children’s speech.