Семіосфера біблійних образів: функціонування в культурі

Author(s): Olena Anatoliyivna Stepanova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2019

Purpose of the article is to study the essence of the functioning of “wandering” biblical images in culture and the disclosure of retransmitted senses, the semantic core of which is explicated on the basis of the narratives of the Holy Scriptures, as well as previous cultural topos. The methodology of the research consists of using the structural-semiotic method, which makes it possible to interpret the semantic meanings of individual biblical images and explain the strategies of its functioning in culture. The scientific novelty consists in proving the study of the functioning of biblical images in the continuum of world culture, in particular by the example of the semiosphere of the figure of the Saint Mark the Evangelist, present in the cultural texts of both the Christian East and the West. The functioning of this Christian image is analyzed not only in the traditional sacral culture (iconography, music), which can be traced throughout history but also in modern popular culture. Conclusions. Biblical images that are universal in their meaning function in the context of intertextual relations – in different types of art, national cultures, and confessional communities over a long chronological dimension, including modernity. The image of the Evangelist Mark demonstrates how the inner semantic potential of this saint “travels” and reinterprets, presenting the deeper meanings of the Gospel narrative, which acts as a semantic core. The broad references of the semiosphere of the image of St. Mark create a complex interweaving of “texts in texts,” whose orderly interpretation provides a meaningful perception. The analyzed image of St. Mark the Evangelist demonstrates how the inner semantic potential of this figure of Christian history "travels" and reinterprets, presenting the deep meanings of the evangelical narrative that emerges as a semantic core. The linguistic references to the semiosphere of the image of St. Mark create a complex interweaving of "texts in texts," an orderly interpretation of which enables a meaningful perception.

ВИДАННЯ КИЄВО-ПЕЧЕРСЬКОЇ ЛАВРИ ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛО АТРИБУЦІЇ РОЗПИСІВ КИЇВСЬКОГО СОФІЙСЬКОГО СОБОРУ XVIII СТОЛІТТЯ – 1840-Х РОКІВ

Author(s): Maryna Afanasiyivna Bardik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 36/2019

The purpose of the article is to attribute mural paintings in Kyiv St. Sophia Cathedral, 18th century – 1840s. Methodology. The research is based on the historical and cultural, art study analysis for the studies Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra’ publications, historical sources, the preserved mural paintings, for the attribution mural paintings in Kyiv St. Sophia Cathedral, 18th century – 1840s. Scientific novelty. The attribution of the mural paintings dated the 18th century – 1840s in Kyiv St. Sophia Cathedral has been performed. The essential topical and plotlines have been determined in the cathedral compartments (in the main altar, transept, central dome, central dome square, central nave, narthex, choirs). The dating of the Baroque paintings has been determined (without side altars). The genesis of the composition “The Adoration of the Holy Trinity” in the choirs has been observed. The topical and plot lines of the complex of icons in the main altar have been determined. Conclusions. The Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra’ publications are the historical basis for the study of the Kyiv St. Sophia Cathedral painting decoration dated 18th century – 1840s, including the topical and plot lines, and iconography of compositions. The main volume of the cathedral was painted after 1701 to 1724, and the choirs were painted from 1767 to 1770 (among them the images of martyrs and saints in the altar of St. Andrew the-First-Called painted in 1770) by the Baroque compositions. In 1771 scenes of the Passions of our Lord cycle were painted in the narthex and the images of Chernihiv wonderworkers were painted on the pillars. In 1773 the images of the I–V Ecumenical Councils were renewed (drawn anew). In 1829−1830 the compositions in the central dome drum and central dome square had been renewed (drawn anew). The iconography of the composition “The Adoration of the Holy Trinity” (west choir) was analogous to the work of A. Durer’s “The Adoration of the Holy Trinity (Landauer Altar)” (1511). The Kyiv St. Sophia’s composition was the replica of the painting in the Holy Cross Church (Braunsberg, now Braniewo in Poland). The leading theme of the complex of icons in the main altar was the prefiguration of the Eucharist.

FRANO PRCELA, O. P., BOGOZABORAV: RAZMIŠLJANJA O AKTUALNIM IZAZOVIMA CRKVE

Author(s): Zorica Maros / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

Review of: Zorica Maros - Frano Prcela, O. P., Bogozaborav.: "Razmišljanja o aktualnim izazovima Crkve", Synopsis, Zagreb – Sarajevo, 2014.

Wpływ wyboru papieża Jana Pawła II na stosunek władz państwowych do Kościoła katolickiego na Pomorzu Zachodnim. Metody i przykłady

Author(s): Dariusz Śmierzchalski-Wachocz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2020

On December 16, in 1978, the election of the Polish Pope John Paul II awakened the Catholic Church in Poland and the society itself. The first pilgrimage of the Pope to Poland in 1979, that couldn’t be realized in 1966 as a pilgrimage of the Pope Paul VI, encouraged Polish people as well as the Church. The election of the Polish cardinal as a pope caused in Poland the beginning of a real “boom” of vocations to priesthood, also in Paradyz (Paradyż) Seminary. Even communist authorities were not able to control it. The first pilgrimage of Pope John Paul II to His homeland and the next, awakened the conscience of Polish nation, as G. Weigel emphasizes in his publications. “The birth” of “Solidarity” was the fruit of this first pilgrimage. Over the following 1980s, the Church and the society in Poland, and especially on the so-called Regained Territories, lived in the spirit and atmosphere of both – papal pilgrimages and the peregrination of the miraculous image of Our Lady of Czestochowa (Częstochowa). However, the communist system was not going to give up. It intensified on the large scale the operations of the Security Service, expressed in treacherous murders of people of opposition. The example of such oppression was the family of Marian Jurczyk, also people and priests of the Catholic Church, like priest Jerzy Popiełuszko, murdered treacherously. However, such action only intensified in society and in clergy the spirit of fighting with the system. Hence the days of the communists were numbered. The regulatory election in June 1989 only confirmed this fact. Unfortunately, in 1990 it was not possible to finally cut off the people of the passing system and its mentality; it have caused the consequences, which were and still are in various areas of political and social life, and especially in the media, remaining in the hands of people of the passing system.

St. Hedwig Parish in Detroit – on the Events of 1905 in Press Articles of that Time

Author(s): Maria Anna Furtak / Language(s): English Issue: 41/2020

The aim of the article is to describe a St. Hedwig Detroit conflict of 1905. It was one of the Polish American history events, when a group of parishioners disobeyed their pastor and the local bishop. The conflict was covered in detail by two influential journals: Detroit Free Press and The Evening News, Detroit. The article focuses on the major events of the conflict beginning with establishing the St. Hedwig Parish in Detroit in 1903, a clash between parish trustees and the pastor, excommunication of disobedient trustees by Bishop John Samuel Foley and reopening the church in August 1905. That part of St. Hedwig Parish history shows how important was the parish for the community Polish immigrants community, what was their mentality and attitude towards American reality and Roman Catholic Hierarchy in the USA. The St. Hedwig conflict of 1905 is one of the similar events which occurred in at the turn of 19th and 20th century among Polish Americans and the American Church.

Parafia NSPJ w New Britain i jej duszpasterze na łamach „Dziennika Chicagoskiego” w latach 1894-1920

Author(s): Józef Szymański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 41/2020

The parish in New Britain had a national and personal character, it was a community of about 7.5 thousand believers. This is how it was presented in “Chicago Daily News.” Its first parish priest, Fr. Lucjan Bójnowski, held this position for 62 years (1895–1957). At that time, a wooden church was built, after 1902 a brick one, and later a school and a nursery, the parish published a newspaper. Various religious, cultural and national societies were affiliated with the parish, and their aim was to maintain the Polish national consciousness among the emigrants, the ties with the old homeland and to deepen religious life. In addition to spiritual assistance and religious services, the Polish parish in New Britain provided the Blue Army with many recruits as well as thousands of dollars in material assistance to Poland. The Polish army in France was joined by 290 volunteers from that Polish parish. A total of 965 Poles joined the Polish and American armies; of these, 123 lost their lives.The Polish parish played a huge role primarily in the matters of the rebirth of national feeling and the independent Polish State. The bond of Polish emigrants with the Church outside their homeland shaped the sense of religious and national identity.

Krakowski klasztor kanoników regularnych laterańskich jako mecenas kultury muzycznej (1668-1676)

Author(s): Czesław Grajewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2020

In the archives of the Corpus Christi Church in Kraków there is a ledger (Expensa pecuniae) which was maintained by its sacristans during the years 1616-1676. This article, which complements previous works, concerns the entries for the year 1668 because it was in that year that the sacristans recorded the first use of the positive organ in liturgical ceremonies. The author has analysed these notes concerning music-related expenses. The monks paid singers and instrumentalists to enhance the music of the liturgy, but the notes about the instrumental music themselves are deserving of special attention. The use of the positive organ during the procession to the local parish fair, in the opinion of the author, confirms the fact that modern music was being performed in the concertante style, confirming the reception of Western compositional achievements in Poland. The entire document is proof of the high-level of musical culture which was cultivated in this Kraków monastery.

Kultura muzyczna w klasztorze bonifratrów w Krakowie w XVII i XVIII wieku w świetle źródeł archiwalnych

Author(s): Marek Bebak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2020

Polish musicologists have been interested in the musical culture of religious institutions in Kraków during the 17th and 18th centuries since at least the beginning of the 20th century, but up to now the musical life of the monastery belonging to the Brothers Hospitallers of St John of God was of no interest to them. The main aim of this article, based on archival sources, is to show when and what kind of music was performed in this monastery, who the musicians were and what instruments were in the church. It has been established that the Brothers Hospitallers did not have their own musical ensemble, but rather that they invited musicians from the city, including from a Jesuit ensemble, who added splendour to the most important celebrations of the liturgical year by playing masses, litanies, passions and requiems. The research has also discovered that there was a positive organ in the Brothers Hospitallers’ church, and a harpsichord in their Hospital, the sounds of which made the patients’ time there more pleasant.

A Nineteenth-Century Processional from the Archive of the Bonifratres in Cracow (Kraków). A Contribution to Research into Latin Monody

Author(s): Piotr Wiśniewski / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2020

The Archive of the Bonifratres’ Monastery in Cracow holds a handwritten processional from 1811. The present author has conducted source criticism and compared its contents to Andrzej Piotrkowczyk’s Processionale from 1621—which furnished a basis for the performance of processional chants in Poland for around 200 years—and selected nineteenth-century cancionals. The Cracow item, probably one of the last books of this type in this period, is proof of the high musical culture that was cultivated in the milieu for which it was destined, and a testimony of the cherished, living tradition of organizing processions. In this respect, it confirms the clear advantage of Polish books over Roman ones, with an increasing participation of the people chanting in Polish. The reprint of a greater part of the processional in subsequently published cancionals confirms, as a matter of evidence, the value and utility of this book.

„Vi ste me toliko zaokupili svojom umjetnošću, da ja sada živim samo u Vašoj formi.“ Pisma fra Josipa Markušića Josipu Plečniku 1936-1937.

Author(s): Jozo Džambo / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 53/2020

Korespondencija koju je fra Josip Markušić stjecajem okolnosti i svojom službom župnika i gvardijana franjevačkog samostana sv. Ante u Beogradu započeo sredinom 1932. godine sa slovenskim arhitektom Josipom Plečnikom nastavila se i sljedećih godina i trajala je sve do Plečnikove smrti 1956. godine. Nakon objavljene korespondencije iz godina 1932. do 1935. slijede u ovom broju Bosne franciscane pisma iz godina 1936. i 1937., a u sljedećim brojevima bit će objavljena preostala pisma ove korespondencije. Prva Markušićeva pisma upućena Plečniku nose izrazito službeni karakter i pisana su prema tome u tonu koji istovremeno izražava distanciranost i veliko poštovanje prema arhitektu. Tijekom vremena ovaj ton postaje sve mekši i intimniji, premda se u oslovljavanju pojavljuje samo jedna formula, naime: „Gospodine profesore“, dok završni pozdravi u pismima glase: „Iskreni štovatelj“, „Odani štovatelj“, „Sa najvećim štovanjem“, „Sa štovanjem“, „Sa osobitim štovanjem“ ili „Pax et bonum!“. Markušić je ovu prepisku veoma cijenio i smatrao je korisnom ne samo kada je riječ o konkretnom projektu beogradske crkve, nego i o svom osobnom doživljaju i poimanju umjetnosti u čemu je poznanstvo s Plečnikom imalo odlučujućeg utjecaja. U pismima čitamo, na primjer, ovakve izjave: „Vi ste me toliko zaokupili svojom umjetnošću, da ja sada živim samo u Vašoj formi“ (P 42); „Koliko već ima vremena da Vam nisam piso, a niti od Vas što dobio! To je na osjetljivu štetu moje duševne i umjetničke izgradnje.“ (P 56). Markušić cijeni ne samo sadržaj Plečnikovih pisama, nego i njihovu formu i tvrdi: „Nijedna, naprimjer, Vaša kuverta, na me adresirana, ne će propasti, ja ih prosto ne mogu da bacim; i zbilja mislim da su vrijedne za izučavanje lijepe forme i pisma.“ A da se usuđuje to reći, opravdava to jednostavno uvjerenjem „jer Vam nisam ni tuđ ni stranac, dakle svoj svome“ (P 42).

Benedykt XVI, Mystagogia Benedicti. Wprowadzenie w tajemnice roku liturgicznego – Wielki Tydzień, red. A. Demitrów, Fundacja Ordo et Pax Biskupów 2019, ISBN: 978-83-950641-2-8, ss. 276

Author(s): Jan Kochel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2019

Benedykt XVI – kard. J. Ratzinger, Papież o Papieżu. Słowa o św. Janie Pawle II – homilie, rozważania, przemówienia i wywiady, red. A. Demitrów, Wydawnictwo i Drukarnia Świętego Krzyża, Opole 2019, ISBN: 978-83-7342-674-0, ss. 160

Author(s): Jan Kochel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2019

Processus Berkianus – soudní spor o mensální statek královéhradeckého biskupství z pohledu církevní hierarchie

Author(s): Petr Honč / Language(s): Czech Issue: 74/2019

The article deals with a long-standing litigation that Count František Antonín Berka of Dubá led from 1675 with bishopric of Hradec Králové represented by Bishop Jan František Kryštof of Talmberk. He brought an action for the validity of the purchase contract concluded bona fide in 1656 by Archbishop of Prague Harrach with his sister-in-law Anna Eusebia, born of Švamberk. Harrach bought the Chrast domain (near Chrudim) designated for the Hradec Králové bishopric for money from the salt treasury. The Uhřetice estate (Auřetitz) belonged also to this dominion, originally part of the family trust, as proved by Count Berka. From the beginning, the litigation developed against the Hradec Králové bishopric. The article monitors activity of individual church representatives and their futile efforts for the emperor’s intervention and transfer of the case to church tribunals.

Mezinárodní vědecká konference v Trnavě Církve a náboženské společnosti v moderní demokratické společnosti

Author(s): Monika Menke / Language(s): Czech Issue: 78/2020

Na s. 97–98 tohoto čísla Revue církevního práva jsme podali zprávu o mezinárodní vědecké konferenci, která se na Právnické fakultě Trnavské univerzity v Trnavě konala 12. listopadu 2019 pod názvem Financing of Churches and Religious Societies in the Modern Democratic State. Nyní navazujeme svou zprávou o další konferenci, která se na téže univerzitě konala následujícího dne, tj. 13. listopadu 2019.

Církevní zřízení Českobratrské církve evangelické v letech 1922–1945

Author(s): Adam Csukás / Language(s): Czech Issue: 79/2020

The Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren embarked on the path of the national and people’s church after its establishment in 1918. Although its church constitution received government approval in 1922, as early as 1923 the first proposals for its partial change, which occurred in 1931, appeared at the synod. Even then, however, the church is not immune to the proposals to change the church constitution and not to be the events of 1938/1939 leading to the break-up of Czechoslovakia, there would probably be a further revision of the church constitution. The period of the World War II represents a fundamental turning point in the history of the church polity of the Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren. The church took advantage of the experience gained during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, when there were more forced changes in the church polity, in the post-war period, in which the church enters somewhat transformed.

Rupert Klieber (ed.): Die Bischöfe der Donaumonarchie 1804 bis 1918: Ein amtsbiographisches Lexikon

Author(s): Martin Gregor / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 80/2020

Review of: Martin Gregor - Rupert Klieber (ed.): Die Bischöfe der Donaumonarchie 1804 bis 1918: Ein amtsbiographisches Lexikon. Band I. Die röm.-kath. Kirchenprovinzen Gran, Kalocsa, Erlau im Königreich Ungarn; Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, 2020, 661 s., ISBN 978-3-428-15648-1.

Źródła do dziejów Kościoła ormiańskokatolickiego w Galicji w zbiorach wiedeńskich

Author(s): Marek Miławicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2019

The article is a report from a query that took place in March 2019. The author discusses sources that relate to the history of the Armenian Catholic Church in Galicia (i.e. the Archdiocese of Lwów, Lemberg) found in the Austrian State Archives (Österreichisches Staatsarchiv) and in the Library of the Mechitharist Congregation (Bibliothek des Mechitharistenklosters) in Vienna. The collections contain a wealth of sources on the history of the Church and the Armenians living in Poland on the territories acquired in 1772 by the Austrian Empire, and until now only some of them have been used in the scientific literature. They present the relations of the central offices of the Habsburg monarchy with the Galician Armenians (who, in the overwhelming majority, were Catholics), and the role of this minority in the provincial administration. The sources also denote the importance of the religious congregation of Mechitarists in the life of the Armenian Catholic Archdiocese of Lwów. Many future priests learnt the Armenian language and Armenian liturgy at the Viennese religious secondary school (gymnasium) led by Mechitarists, and later a number of them joined the congregation. The book of religious professions, the letters and personal files, which mention a great number of Galician names, not only of Armenian descent (like archbishop Samuel Cyryl Stefanowicz or Rev. Dominik Barącz), but also of Polish origin serve as evidence of the aforementioned bond.

Sekularizacija Crkve: Uzroci i teološka rješenja

Author(s): Daniel G. Oprean / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this article is to explore a few factors that contribute to the tendency towards secularization in the evangelical churches in Central and Eastern Europe. It further suggests theological remedies to address the causes of secularization. The thesis of this article is that there are three causes for the tendency towards secularization. First is the secularization of theological education, second is the crisis of ecclesial identity, and third is the secularization of leadership. The first proposal of this article is that the remedy for the secularization of theological education is redefining theology as communion, theological education as transformation, and theological formation as discipleship. Second, the remedy for the crisis of ecclesial identity that leads to negative identity markers is the replacement of the external conformation model of Christian life (which leads to social isolation, subculturality, and spiritual abuse) with the internal transformation model, which leads to a healthy spirituality and a meaningful theology of mission. Third and finally, the remedy for the secularization of leadership is the rediscovery of the kenotic model of Christian life and ministry.

THE „RUGUL APRINS” („THE BURNING BUSH”) ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LEGALITY AND LEGITIMACY

Author(s): Carmen Ciornea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The personality of Sandu Tudor, the founder, organizer and catalyst of the spiritual group from Antim has already been the subject of many research approaches, which appeared after 1990 and, at first glance, it can be considered as no longer able to offer the substance of an original study. However, in the following, the author proposes to raise a problem that has not so far found its solution, namely: was the „Rugul Aprins” („The Burning Bush”) Association legally constituted or not? Regarding the restoration of the image of „Rugul Aprins” – the group that gave rise to a real symbiosis between cult and culture, it is no longer as easy as in the case of the Cernăuţi moment, where, thanks to the memorialistic literature, the event can be faithfully reconstructed (from the names of the lecturers to the topics discussed). This time, the author will try to recover the route completed by the Rugul Aprins Association, from its establishment until it became outlawed, going on the wake of the new evidence located in the file no. 012956 from the Archive of CNSAS.

Katedrala Uznesenja Blažene Djevice Marije u Senju i senjski biskupi do početka XVII. stoljeća (prilog cjelovitoj povijesti grada Senja)

Author(s): Juraj Lokmer / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

Senj was a diocese as early as beginning of the 5th century, when Senj’s bishops Laurencia and Maximinus are mentioned. There probably exited a cathedral for these bishops which only archaeological finds give a hint to. The first certain written source about the diocese of Senj is from 1169, which mentions the Bishop of Senj Miraeus. Over the centuries the cathedral experienced the fate of the town, its history is to a great extent the history of the town of Senj. The current cathedral is a restored building after the destruction in the Second World War (1943-1944). Some of its oldest parts date back to the 13th century, and maybe even earlier, which is evidenced by Late Antiquity finds (mosaics) in its immediate vicinity. In the 12th and 13th centuries the town was governed by the Knights Templar. In the great fire of 1239 the town was completely destroyed. At that time also damaged were the Templar Church of St George and the Miraeus Cathedral of St Mary, which appeared on a layer of ancient temples (Magna Mater and others) and an early Christian oratory. After that, Bishop Philip probably built a single-nave Romanesque cathedral with a moulded brick façade and lengthwise nave, along whose façade there also stood a rustic bell tower – fortress, whilst the bell tower of the old cathedral from 1000 (according to tradition) remained behind the apse of the Romanesque cathedral. Senj’s cathedral had been the cathedral of the glagolitic bishops since the time of Bishop Philip, who in 1248 gained the special right from Pope Innocent IV to use the old Slavic language and glagolitic script in the liturgy. Since before 1340 alongside the cathedral the Cathedral Chapter also operated, which from 1392 under a special right from Emperor Sigismund of Luxembourg became locus credibilis. After the Venetian destruction of the town in 1380 the cathedral was restored and reconstructed which can be seem by the preserved traces (the broken arch of the shrine), the tombstone of bishops Ivan and Leonard de Cardinalibus from 1392. Also bearing witness to that time are a small number of preserved silver items (a processional cross from the end of the 14th century and the beginning of the 15th). The Counts of Krk – the Frankopans, who from 1271 for almost 200 years governed the town as hereditary podesta, patrons of the diocese of Senj and Senj’s cathedral, bestowed the Senj Chapter with funds and properties. In the shadow of Senj’s cathedral there also worked the scriptorium in which Tomas, the archdeacon of Senj, wrote the glagolitic missal (1st Vrbnik missal) in 1456. In 1497 Bishop Andrija Campana de Mutina built the sacristy and acquired an organ, whilst Senj’s canons led by Blaž Baromić founded the printing house in 1491 which printed books in the glagolitic script all the way up to 1508 in the Church Slavonic and Croatian (Chakavian) language for use in the liturgy and spiritual care. The very few remains of the remarkable quality of goldsmith’s art of Senj’s goldsmiths, especially of the Živković family, bear witness to the wealth of the town and the life of its residents. At the end of the 15th century artists of the Apennine peninsula travelling to or from Buda worked in Senj and they left their mark in the cathedral (the relief of the Holy Trinity from 1491, the repository from the end of 15th century, the crucifix from the 16th century and the adjoining portal of the cathedral). Senj’s bishops of the 16th century worked at the time of Ottoman threats and internal struggles with the state, political and religious plan. They resolutely defended not only the rights of the Church and Chapter, which the military administration of the town endangered, but also their town from the Turks. Senj’s canons and Uskoks – defectors, who after the fall of Klis found shelter in Senj, led by Senj Bishop Antonio de Dominis in 1596 tried to liberate Klis and Dalmatia from the Turks, sacrificing his own life for it. Senj Bishop Marco Antonio de Dominis, theologian, scientist, politician, and adjudged later as a heretic by the Church came into conflict with the people of Senj and the Uskoks, left the town which had become a military camp. From the mid-16th century Senj’s bishops governed the Modruš diocese, and after the resettlement of the Uskoks from Senj at the beginning of the 17th century, the Senj and Modruš dioceses were united into a single diocese. Although quite rebuilt, added to and not rich with an inventory from its earliest times of its existence Senj’s cathedral is a true picture of not only the religious, church life of Senj but is in its own way a historical-spiritual icon of Croatia - Imago pietatis Croatiae.