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Beads and pendants from the late Harbor Temple and harbor temenos in the Red Sea port of Berenike (seasons 2010–2013): materials, techniques, functions and affiliations

Author(s): Joanna Then-Obłuska / Language(s): English Issue: XXVI/2017

More than 250 beads and pendants have been registered from the Harbor Temple and its surroundings, the so-called “harbor temenos”, in the Red Sea port of Berenike. The Harbor Temple assemblage is dominated by South Asian glass beads dating from the 4th through early 6th centuries AD, but the bead finds from the presumed temenos show much greater variety in both type and date, the latter spanning the centuries from the 1st to the 5th century AD. Rather than being accidentally lost, the quantity and find context of the beads support the idea of a votive offering function. Stylistic similarities of some objects found in the Harbor Temple have led to their association with South Arabia or Axum (Rądkowska, Sidebotham, and Zych 2013); yet a much closer affiliation might also be considered. Similar ritual objects, as well as beads and pendants, have been recorded at contemporary temples and shrines in Nubia.

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Research and architectural conservation in Marina el-Alamein in 2017 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission)

Author(s): Rafał Czerner,Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner,Wiesław Grzegorek / Language(s): English Issue: XXVII/2018

Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2017 comprised research and conservation in the public district of the ancient town as well as in private houses. Work focused foremost on research and exhibition of the remains of a street running east of the southeastern corner of the main town square and monuments in the area of the square itself. Research and conservation continued also in the area south of the square, concentrating on the remains of public Roman baths dating from the 1st to the 3rd century AD. Maintenance conservation was carried out in private houses and in the ancient town center.

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The City as a Place Prepared for Neurodiversity

Author(s): Pavol Mazalán,Peter Mazalán / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2021

This study aims to analyse and reflect on the relationship between architecture and human neurodiversity. Individuals with different cognitive capabilities perceive and use space and it’s elements differently. Despite the fact that modern medicine has positively contributed toward and shift in social paradigm towards mental health and its impairments, the level of stigmatisation in the society is still relatively high, and very obvious in the European countries. A target group study examines architectural typology of psychiatric institutions of hospitals, sanatoria and social services establishments in Europe, with an emphasis on the historical context. Through the topic of care for people with mental health impairments it demonstrates the dynamic development of the role that architecture plays in relation to social interaction.

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Tito’s Villas in Herceg Novi – Regional Contexts and State Residences

Author(s): Veljko Radulović,Sanja Paunović Žarić,Ema Alihodžić Jašarović / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2021

Considering the growth trends of cities within specific regional contexts, the focus of this paper is the contemporary architecture of the bay of Boka Kotorska, a World Heritage region protected by UNESCO. The youngest and largest town is Herceg Novi located at the entrance of the bay. Against the attractive setting of the coastal and inland landscape, its dynamic cultural and historical context directly shapes the formulation of the architectural environment, which cannot be reduced simply to the set of formal relations with the local site. The main research subject of this paper is the architectural discourse from the last decades of the 20th century as well as the perspective of physical architecture, through the research optics of analysis of this specific region. Its focal point consists of two architects which were among the most significant practitioners in this area and involved in the key urban definitions of Herceg Novi in the second half of the 20th century. The review is given with special reference to two state residences, villas built for Josip Broz Tito in Herceg Novi: Villa Galeb and Villa Lovćenka. The nature and architectural scope of these buildings is identified, the concept design methodology is examined, predominantly in decoding the relations with relevant influential factors, not excluding the highly specific socio-political context. The general goal of this paper is to specify the character and the scope of the work and authors who implemented a clear and discernable design approach at the end of the 20th century in Herceg Novi. The state residencies built for Josip Broz Tito in this town have not been the subject of critical research so far. As such, they have provided a worthwhile case study for the identification of design methods in the creation of impressions on the representatives of state power and their role in urban landscape of a coastal town. A secondary goal of this paper is additional accumulation of knowledge on the relevant architectural history of the Adriatic coast, as well as highlighting the significance of an architecture displaying evident regional qualities.

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Heritage, Culture and Regeneration of the Former Military Areas in the City of Oradea, Romania

Author(s): Cezar Morar,Gyula Nagy,Lajos Boros,Maria Gozner,Lyudmila Niemets,Kateryna Sehida / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2021

There are places where history is still alive: heritage sites, locations of great cultural, scientific, educational, and social significance. The military presence in the city of Oradea, Romania, generated an impressive cultural-historical heritage, both tangible and intangible, as the consequence of centuries of alternative militarization and demilitarization processes. The aim of the article is to explain that the former military areas are great sustainable historical, cultural, architectural and socio-economic local assets, with a specific function in the urban texture. The research methodology combines a review of the relevant literature, fieldwork, analysis of the evolution and status of the former military areas, and synthesis to help reach our conclusions. The results of the study underline the great significance and role of the former military sites in the urban structure, society and economy, by providing important functions like tourism, education, public administration, military, residential, commerce or industry. The main issue is the transformation of the abandoned military heritage sites into potential elements of sustainable urban development to create a new and vivid part of urban texture. Built heritage of former military areas is found across many countries and this article explain the particular common features, helping sharing experiences, know-how, best practices on the transformation of military sites to public uses in Europe and around the world.

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Reconstruction of the bases of sandstone sphinxes from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari

Author(s): Katarzyna Kasprzycka / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

The reconstruction of the iconographic program of the decoration of the sandstone bases of a group of sphinxes of Hatshepsut lining the processional avenue leading to the Queen’s Mansion of a Million Years in the temple at Deir el-Bahari is the prime focus of this article. The fragments of these statues discovered in the 1920s by the archaeological mission of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York were never published. The pieces were rediscovered in storage in 2005. A theoretical reconstruction has been undertaken, leading the author to identify an unusual iconographical pattern that reflects changes in art introduced in the times of Hatshepsut. The representations on the bases of the royal sandstone sphinxes from the queen’s temple include, among others, rekhyt birds, pat-people and “enemies of Egypt”. They take on a form that departs from that known from other sphinx sculptures.

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A record of the transport of stone blocks on ostrakon DeB/F.608

Author(s): Mirosław Barwik / Language(s): English Issue: XXVIII/2019

Ostrakon DeB/F.608 was found in the area of the Temple of Tuthmosis III at Deir el-Bahari. There are good reasons, however, to link it to the building of the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut and more precisely to the transport of stone blocks by a crew of eight men. Five of them can be identified as foreigners, presumably Asiatic slaves brought to Egypt as a result of military campaign(s) in the early Eighteenth Dynasty.

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Challenges on Urban SocioSpatial Cohesion. The Case of Social Housing Complexes in the Regional Administrative Area of Piraeus in Greece

Author(s): Evgenia Tousi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The regional administrative area of Piraeus has long been a suitable case study for analyzing the impact of social housing. The six municipalities that constitute this urban agglomeration have been strongly connected with the Asia Minor Catastrophe of 1922 and the consequent rehabilitation of the refugee population during the 30s. Moreover, after WWII, more social housing complexes had been constructed in the urban area around central Piraeus, representing different architectural types and principles. Today, they host various socio-economic population groups. Economic immigrants and households of elderly people are some of the vulnerable households that reside today in the social housing apartments. One major issue is the poor housing conditions and the low level of preservation associated with high rates of poverty and social exclusion. This paper attempts to depict the contemporary situation in the area by providing thematic cartography with the aim of indicating crucial enclaves in need of urban regeneration.

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Visual Rhetoric and Architecture

Author(s): Alicja Cimała / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2021

Architecture is a ubiquitous form of visual rhetoric, whose influence on one’s feelings and subconsciousness may be analyzed in the context of both soft and hard power. Buildings were and still are often designed in a way that incites wellness. The Baroque architecture in general is one of the most vivid examples of that procedure, especially the forms proposed by the Society of Jesus, which played an important role during the Counter-Reformation. The more contemporary example is the architecture of Nazi Germany, which was supposed to invoke the feelings of superiority, power, terror and permanence. The monumentalism of structures and gigantomania are still visible in the 21st century in the shape of Burj Khalifa, which is now the tallest building in the world, constructed for the purpose of presenting the prestige of Dubai. Another example of architecture being a display of soft power is the general unification of a nation through art and culture, which can be found in the approach of the English towards the Gothic style and its perception of the British Isles. On the other hand, the instances of hard power in the context of architecture can be found in the countries which remained under the rule of Soviet Union. CCCP imposed their architecture in such areas using buildings and designs that were considered gifts from the superior nations to the subjugated ones, with the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw being an example. At the same time, the destruction of iconic buildings may be considered as showing dominance, the destruction of the World Trade Center being one of the most prominent cases.

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Metales Banskej Bystrice z roku 1820.

Author(s): Oto Tomeček / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2021

The paper deals with the analysis of a historical document which describes in detail the course of the perambulation of the borders of the town Banská Bystrica in 1820. The document named Metales consists of a text part and a map part. The text part is divided into seven chapters describing specific border sections. Through a detailed analysis of one of the border sections, the south-west part of town borderline common with neighbouring domain of Radvanský family we learn not only about the exact course of the borderline, but also about the location and owners of land near the borderline, participants of the perambulation and historical toponymy, as well as the form and location of border markers. The document captures the course of control of old border markers – border piles (heaped soil or stones), border stones and border signs, as well as the making of new border markers.

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Lessing und die Architektur

Author(s): Erich Unglaub / Language(s): German Issue: 18/2021

Lessing's interest in the fine arts is well known, and the boundaries between poetry and painting have been discussed by him in detail. Lessing's comments on the architecture of his time have hardly come into focus. It seems as if the poet were hardly interested in buildings and did not take note of the aspirations of the 18th century. Lessing dealt with architecture on different occasions. The stage directions in his dramas show that Lessing was familiar with and referred to the building conventions of the time and the realities of the theatrical stage. In matters of aesthetics, he received inspiration from the writings of Moses Mendelssohn on architecture and its position in the system of the arts. His view of the buildings he perceived on his Italian journey is influenced by this. In contrast, his assessment of the rediscovered architecture of the Middle Ages is critical. A reflex of his preoccupation with architecture is Lessing's parable about the 'palace', which arrives at astonishing architectural claims.

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Исторический очерк о сакральных объектах на территории православного прихода Вознесения Господня в Клейниках

Author(s): Adrian Kuprianowicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 13/2021

The article is an attempt to present certain events over the past centuries connected with the creation of sacred buildings in the Orthodox parish in Klejniki. The article gives the chronological dates of the construction of every place of worship, often presenting their material fittings, such as icons, liturgical texts, etc. The material presented is also enriched with notes on clergymen carrying out pastoral duties in Klejniki parish, and their spiritual contribution to parishioners’ life. The parish life did not avoid various problems connected with an attempt to build churches. The lack of money, difficulties with an access to building materials, and administrative problems caused significant delays in construction work.

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Irlandzka architektura jako wyraz wartości kulturowych

Author(s): Bożena Gierek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2021

The architecture in Ireland has been developed in various periods: from megalithic times, through antiquity, the Middle Ages, to modern times. Irish architecture has preserved elements of three significant cultures flourishing in Ireland which Seán Ó Duinn calls “three streams”: the megalithic, the Celtic and the Christian cultures. With the Celtic culture is connected the term “Celtic spirituality” which is expressed in: affirmation of life and creature, harmony of man with nature and cosmos, and above all in the divine presence in the world and in human life. The author of this article also indicates to its manifestation in Irish architecture. The author of the article characterises selected elements of Irish architecture, pointing to their meaning, like: circularity in general, circle (as a solar symbol), stone, corbel technique, round tower, Celtic cross, human head, sheela-na-gig. The author based her study on historical, archaeological and literary sources, supplemented with her own field works conducted in Ireland in 1995–2016

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Heritage of (non-)existing cities – on the Polish examples of medieval Świecie and Renaissance Krasiczyn

Author(s): Karolina Zimna-Kawecka,Dominika Kuśnierz-Krupa,Michał Krupa / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This article analyses the urban heritage protection and spatial development policies of two model historical urban centres in Poland, whose spatial layout has been erased: medieval Świecie nad Wisłą (the Pomeranian region) and Renaissance Krasiczyn (the Subcarpathian region). Their urban layouts had a significant compositional factor (a town and castle complex in axial plan). The second element important in terms of landscape protection and spatial planning is their history: at the end of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century they had to be relocated. The analysis covers the spatial form during the period of their founding, the reasons for transformation, their present-day state of preservation, and the current spatial conservation and development policy. General conservation conclusions have also been formulated.

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Islamic architecture in Tbilisi and Batumi: Muslim heritage in Georgia

Author(s): Aldona Piwko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Georgia’s cultural wealth is the result of the country’s centuries-old history and complex ethnic, religious and political relations. Islam, present in these areas since the seventh century, was of significant importance for the shaping of Georgian architecture. Architectural elements characteristic of Middle Eastern art were thus transferred to a Christian country. Arabs and Persians left behind buildings and ornamental details. The article is the result of field research carried out in Georgia, the purpose of which was to identify the issues of shaping and preserving memory and cultural and religious identity in the Muslim community. Georgian Muslim architecture is heavily neglected and requires increased protection, and above all significant financial resources that are difficult to obtain from a small number of Islamic communities. On the other hand, contemporary trends in Georgian architecture are realized and financed by Muslim businesses.

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The Museum System of Modern Kazakhstan: Classification and Typology of Museums

Author(s): Abay Satubaldin,Kunikey Sakhiyeva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This article discusses the museum system of modern Kazakhstan and offers, for the first time ever, a classification and typology of the country’s museums. In recent years in independent Kazakhstan, on the basis of the Soviet system, a modern museum network has been formed which currently lists 250 museums. Among them are 17 national-level museums, 54 at the regional level, 73 at the provincial level, 103 branches of regional- and district-level museums and four private museums. The purpose of this article is to analyse the museum system of modern Kazakhstan and develop a classification and typology of the country’s museums.In the course of the study, conducted in 2017– 2018, data was collected on the activities of museums at the national, regional and district levels over the past seven years. From the results of this investigation, the museums of Kazakhstan were systematized according to the subject or topic of the museum (e.g. history, art, scientific), its affiliation (national, regional district), and by size, measured by number of employees.

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Heritagising the Vernacular in a Central European Borderland: Wooden Churches and Open-Air Museums in Upper Silesia

Author(s): Jerzy Gorzelik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article focuses on how the demand for social and political meanings, generated by nation-building processes and competence between nationalisms in Central Europe, has determined the protection and heritagisation of vernacular architecture. The problem has been analysed using the example of the wooden churches in Upper Silesia—the region contested by Germany and Poland. These monuments gained unprecedented importance as they were believed to testify to ancient architectural traditions and were used to prove the Germanic or Slavic roots of regional culture. The article reveals the evolution of churches’ meanings and the ways they have affected the monument protection and functioning of open-air museums.

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The Phenomenon of Digital Art as a Means of Preservation of Cultural Heritage Works

Author(s): Svitlana Kryvuts,Olena Gonchar,Alina Skorokhodova,Mykola Radomskyi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The constant development of multimedia technologies and, as a result, their rapid spread among countries around the world has been a general trend in digital art in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. This phenomenon, as practice shows, comes out top among other creative activities. With the help of multimedia technologies it is possible to optimize multimedia systems in figurative and meaningful value relations. An important role here is given to the development of a unigue multimedia “language”, which harmoniously combines technical, creative and value-oriented components. This article presents an analysis of the use of the submersive method in solving scenario-design problems for the preservation of elements of cultural heritage through the use of 3D mapping and video projection in exhibition space design and for projections onto the facades of architectural landmarks. The content of such video projections and specific characteristics of the artistic images they draw upon depend on the functional purpose of the context in which the interactive work is presented. There remains a need for greater scientific understanding of the phenomenon of interactive art, in the interests of improving professional design practices in the preservation of cultural heritage works.

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„Nisam za to da se bolja vremena žale, već da se radi za bolje!“ Pisma fra Josipa Markušića Josipu Plečniku 1940–1956.

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„Nisam za to da se bolja vremena žale, već da se radi za bolje!“ Pisma fra Josipa Markušića Josipu Plečniku 1940–1956.

Author(s): Jozo Džambo / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 55/2021

This article brings to an end the publication of the letters written by Bosnian Franciscan Josip Markušić to the Slovenian architect Josip (Joža) Plečnik since 1932.

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GŁÓWNI PRZEDSTAWICIELE BUDOWNICTWA ORGANOWEGO W STANACH ZJEDNOCZONYCH W LATACH 1815-1860

Author(s): Andrzej Widak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 12/2021

In this article, the activity of the main representatives of organ building in the United States in 1815–1860 is discussed. This was a time when organ building moved from traditional organ workshops to organ factories. There were both individual organ builders and organ-building families and firms. Three centres – New England, New York and Pennsylvania – were in the lead. The main organ builders of those particular centres were: the Goodrich Brothers, Thomas Appleton, Thomas Hall and Henry Erben, as well as the Krauss and Dieffenbach families. In the other states, the building of organs was developing to a smaller extent, but it was under the influence of organ builders from the above-mentioned centres. Most organs were designated for churches, but chamber organs for home usage (Alley and Pool) were popular as well. In time, they were replaced by reed organs. Initially, organs were built according to English and German patterns, but a domestic style of organ building also started to take shape.

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