A nagyváradi római katolikus püspökök 18. századi régi rezidenciája

Author(s): Mónika Kémenes / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: VIII/2013

One of the significant moments of the 18th century reorganising of the Roman Catholic diocese of Nagyvárad (Oradea, RO) was the building of the first bishop’s residence. Bishop Miklós Csáky (1737–1747), differently from his predecessor’s only partly or not at all achieved ideas, built his palace in the New City (“Újváros”), pertaining to the chapter. The one-storey building built with two inner courtyards through the uniting of several houses and plots was created presumably based on chamber architect Fortunato de Prati’s plans or suggestions, between 1737 and 1744, in several phases. Its major expansions took place during Bishop Adam Patachich’s first years, when in the second courtyard, a second floor was built for the Consilium Basilitarum of the Greek Catholic clergy. The activity of the local and foreign craftsmen, who took place in its building and the creating of its interiors can be clearly followed from the available resources. Thus besides the names of stonemasons who arrived under bishop Csáky and those of the Italian stonemasons and German carpenters from Budapest, who were invited under Forgách and Patachich, the names of local craftsmen, who took part in the leading of neighbourhoods also emerge. After the completion of the new baroque bishop’s palace designed by Franz Anton Hillebrandt, the old building gave place to different educational institutions, then workshops. Its demolition took place in 1901, yielding space for the new City Hall. Its appearance and layout can be reconstructed in detail, based on the 18th century drawings of the group of buildings.

A novel painted monument. Byzantine Art between Aesthetic Redefining and Dogmatic Perennity. The church Saint John the Baptist of Bârnova

Author(s): Mihail Gheaţău / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Being remarkablethrough the monumentality andelegance of proportions, thearchitecture of the Church “SaintJohn the Baptist” from Bârnovaderives from the so-called oldWallachian style, skillfullyreshaping a structure whichcombines elements which arespecific to Byzantine Balkanicecclesiastical buildings. Theunseen pictural work of ȘtefanConstantinescu is characterized bythe attempt to associate the resultsof experiencing freedom ofinterpretation and expression withthe rules of the iconographiccanon, inside the same ensemble.Its representations do notreproduce the traditional Byzantinemanner, nor it is delivered as aform of quoting reality, but it is filtered and interpreted. From a theologicalpoint of view, the author respects the iconographic program, except for thetopographic placement of some episodes, adapting the discourse accordingto the configuration and features of the liturgical space. We are in front ofa case which places us in the position of managing the relationship betweenthe value of artistic creation and the meticulosity of theologicalinvolvement. Neither Byzantine, nor realistic, the artistic solution of themural painting from Bârnova is closer to the manner of iconictransfiguration than to the one of improvisation or artistic intermediationthrough which the daily tridimensional world is reflected.

A PÉCSI FERHÁD-DZSÁMI

Author(s): László Gere,Balázs Sudár / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2011

Die erste Information über die Moschee von Pascha Ferhád in Pécs findet sich 1663 bei Evlia Cselebi, dem Einzigen, der das besetzte Ungarn detailliert beschrieben hat. Nach Evlia gehörten zur Stiftung von Ferhád auch ein Kloster und ein Bad. Die Stiftungsgebäude stehen zumeist nahe beieinander und bilden einen Stadtteil (mahalle). Die Plätze der drei bedeutendsten Bäder in Pécs sind gut bekannt. Das eine stand innerhalb des Szigeti- Tors und war von Bei Memi gegründet worden, das andere gehörte zur Stiftung von Pascha Kászim und stand am NO-Ende des heutigen Széchenyi-Platzes. Das dritte befand sich in der Király-Gasse und wurde am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts abgerissen. Auf Grund der Angaben von Evlia Cselebi und der Vermessung Joseph de Haüys vom Oktober 1686 können die Gebäudereste auf dem Grundstück der heutigen Kazinczy-Gasse 4 eindeutig mit der Moschee von Pascha Ferhád identifiziert werden. Berücksichtigt man, dass sich im mündlichen Gerede die Ränge eventuell ändern, müssen wahrscheinlich auch die Angaben der türkischen Sandschak-Konskription (sog. tahrír-defter) des Jahres 1579 beigezogen werden, denen gemäß ein Stadtviertel nach Bei Ferhád benannt war. Die Moschee selbst erscheint bei der Beschreibung eines Hauses: „No 635. Das Haus der Tútí, Tochter von Abdullah, im Stadtteil der Marodeure, nahe der Ferhád- Moschee.“ Der Stadtteil der Marodeure ist auf Grund der Pécser Häuserregistrierung von 1687 in der SW-Hälfte der Stadt, vielleicht an der Stelle der heutigen Zrínyi- Gasse, zu lokalisieren.

A possible portrait of Ungro-Wallachia’s fi rst metropolitan. Iachint of Vicina (1359-372)

Author(s): Maria-Venera Rădulescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

Founded by the first Basarab princes, the “Saint Nicholas” Princely Church of Curtea de Argeș is a valuable part of Wallachia’s history due to its exceptional documentary and artistic value. The church is of a Byzantine art influence with its elegant and sober appearance, the cross-in-square plan, as well as its iconography and stylish frescos. This paper is focusing on the scene painted on the walls of the narthex, scene that represents the Consecration of Saint Nicholas as a bishop. The frescos of several monuments of Byzantine art found in the Balkans or Greece are, in part, similar with the scene from Curtea de Argeș; however, their compositions might differ from case to case. The innovative character of the Curtea de Argeș’ fresco consists of presenting the personages attending the consecration of the saint. While, according to the Herminy, this consecration should be attended by three bishops, at Curtea de Argeș the three characters present at the consecration of the saint are two psaltai and a cantor. We suggest that the portraits of the two psaltai are executed after real life personages, i.e. the first Metropolitan of Ungro-Wallachia, Iachint of Vicina (1359-1372) and the Metropolitan Antim, which was consecrated in 1370. They are singing hymns of glory to Saint Nicholas, the patron saint of the Princely Church of Curtea de Argeș. Thus, he painting of the narthex can be dated around 1370-1372, with the consecration scene holding an outstanding documentary value.

A post-socialist city: a “turn” in shaping the architectural image of a city at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The case of Łódź

Author(s): Julia Sowińska-Heim / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2015

Following the political breakthrough of 1989 architects were faced with completely new challenges. After the lethargy of the 1980s Polish architecture experienced a real turn. A remarkable transformation was taking place along with the general cultural, social, political and economic changes. The opening to the trends in Western culture, the establishment of numerous private architectural studios, the appearance of development companies or foreign investors, coupled with new technological possibilities resulted in the change of Polish urban landscape. As a result, Polish municipal authorities had to review their way of thinking about their cities. The paper aims at analysing the changes stimulated by the “turn” which took place in Polish architecture in the 1990s. It presents some observations on the transformation and the emerging challenges and problems of Łódź urban space.

A PUBLIC BUILDING OF THE 4th CENTURY BC ON THE PHANAGORIA ACROPOLIS

Author(s): Aleksei A. Zavoykin / Language(s): English / Issue: 8/2019

The most interesting and important discoveries made during excavations at the Phanagoria acropolis (“The Upper City” excavation) in the last decade are connected with investigation of strata and structures of the second half of the 6th–first half of the 5th centuries BC, as well as with the end of the 2nd–first half of 1st centuries BC. This can be explained primarily by the fact that the strata of other periods have been more poorly preserved or not preserved at all. Preliminary remarks are given in this paper on materials of one interesting architectural complex of the first half of 4th century BC that was constructed on the place of a public building that burned down in the mid-5th century BC. Analysis of the remaining wall foundations allows us to determine the area of the building and its planning. On this basis it is possible to assume that the building had at least two floors. Its roof was tiled. The entrance to the building, adorned with a portico with two columns, was located on the east side. The house was enclosed on three sides (west, north, and east) by paved squares and a street, while on one side (south) it bordered on a large substantial structure whose function is obscure. It is also impossible now to draw conclusions on the functional purpose of the building (460), which was destroyed by a conflagration in 350s BC.

A re-examination of the nineteenth-century architectural heritage: the case of Arnota

Author(s): Horia Moldovan / Language(s): English / Issue: 5/2014

Still far from providing a comprehensive picture of the architectural variety and creativity of the nineteenth century Wallachia, specialist works have mainly concentrated on buildings dating from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, subsequent to the coronation of Carol I. The case of Arnota Monastery, in Vâlcea County, is interesting and important firstly because the alterations led by “monastic architect” Johann Schlatter to this complex during the nineteenth century inaugurated the autonomous programme of prison architecture in Wallachia, and, secondly, they illustrate, among numerous other examples still preserved, the beginnings of modern practices of restoring old architecture. At the same time, the recent reconstruction and extension work undertaken at the monastery brings to light contemporary issues connected with the lack of understanding of the conservation and restoration of a heritage still little valued.

A Semiotic Approach to a Sacred Place in Bulgaria

Author(s): Ivo Velinov / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

A SEMIOTIC-AESTHETIC APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICE OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN HUNGARY

Author(s): Imre Gráfik / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

The spatial frame of the investigation is the Carpathian Basin and especially its Great Plain areas inhabited by Hungarian-speaking people; and the period it covers, which can be documented with buildings, is the 150–200 years from the second half of the 18th century to the first half of the 20th century. Examining all the elements of form which played a role in shaping the architectural image of the market town, it can be found that some of them are only barely, while others are very definitely expressions of the semiosis of market town architecture. The criteria of form are suitable for the simultaneous realisation of the following triadic relations: 1) the architectural functions archived through the technical-technological and structural solutions of building practice; 2) meanings related to the communicative nature of architecture; 3) representation of the architectural solutions of aesthetic content accepted by the taste of the community, artistic aesthetics (of architecture). As a final conclusion it can thus be said that a relative and absolute horizontal and vertical dynamics – realised with architectural signs and visually codable – operate in shaping the architectural image of the market town.

A SZEGEDI VÁR ÉS GÓTIKUS VÁRTEMPLOMÁNAK RÉGÉSZETI KUTATÁSA 1999 ÉS 2010 KÖZÖTT

Author(s): Ferenc Horváth,Ottó Fogas / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2011

Die Studie überblickt die bisherigen Ergebnisse der Erforschung der Burg in Szeged mittels der Zusammenfassung sowohl der historischen Quellen als auch der früheren archäologischen Beobachtungen. Danach gibt sie die wichtigeren Ergebnisse der im vergangenen Jahrzehnt als geplante Grabung begonnenen Forschungen bekannt und fasst schließlich die bisherigen und aus den neuesten Erkenntnissen zu ziehenden Folgerungen zusammen. Die Freilegung der Burgkirche, die das Rückgrat des Forschungsprogramms bildete, hat grundsätzlich neue Ergebnisse erbracht. Denn es hat sich erwiesen, dass die gotische Kirche irgendwann zwischen dem Ende des 13. und der Mitte des 14. Jahrhunderts erbaut wurde. Im 15. Jahrhundert wurde sie erheblich umgebaut. An ihrer Südseite wurde eine Seitenkapelle errichtet, deren gotisches Sterngewölbe in der Türkenzeit herabstürzte. Aus den an Ort und Stelle entdeckten Rippensteinen konnte das gotische Gewölbesystem rekonstruiert werden. Vor der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts erfuhr die Kirche noch einen weiteren Umbau und am Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts wurde sie abgerissen. Der Chor der Kirche reicht unter das im 18. Jahrhundert darauf errichtete Tor der Kasemattenreihe (Maria Theresia-Tor), in dem derzeit das Burgmuseum untergebracht ist, so dass die vollständige Freilegung auf weitere Schwierigkeiten stößt.

A székelyudvarhelyi Jézus-kápolna

Author(s): András Sófalvi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: VIII/2013

The Jesus Chapel is located at the south entrance of the town Odorheiu Secuiesc. This ecclesiastical building belongs to the group of four-lobe chapels with analogies in the west and north of the Carpatian-basin and Transylvania. Traditional belief dated the building of the Jesus Chapel to the 13th century. The chapel was mentioned in the written sources for the first time in 1602. There are no carved stone elements in its structure. The special technical components of its altar date from the end of the 17th century – beginning of the 18th century. The central picture of the altar, representing Jesus with His bleeding heart and the lamb, are strongly connected with the Jesuit order which appeared in Odorhei at the end of the 16th century. The painted wood ceiling was made in 1677, originally the chapel was probably vaulted. The archaeological researches made in 1973 and 2011 have also given postmedieval dating. Stratigraphical data proved the building of the chapel post quem the middle of the 15th century. The stone and brick crypts discovered in the centre of the building are directly linked to the foundation of the chapel, which was probably a miraculous healing. Although it has been used later as a burial chapel, there are no written documents concerning the founder’s person or their family. The chapels in Gheorgheni (Szent Anna/Saint Anne Chapel) and Sânzieni (Szent István/Saint Stephen Chapel) are in Szeklerland the closest architectural analogies of the Jesus Chapel. Their newest research dated them to the 17th century and marked them as being votive or private chapels.

A Tenth-Century Graffito of St. Basil the Great in the Light of His Cult in Eastern Monasticism

Author(s): Rosina Kostova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/1998

As one of the most important contributors to the development of the Trinitarian concept and the author of one of the Three Byzantine liturgies, St Basil the Great (c. 330-379 AD) was one of the most venerated Church Fathers in the Middle Ages, both to the East and the West. Thus, the early establishment of the cult of St Basil as "the imperial attire of the church", led to the use of St Basil's bishop portrait as a prototype of his holy image. Indeed, according to Andrea Grabar, the earliest representations of St Basil the Great-the Sinai icon and the frescoes in St Maria Antiqua, Rome, which he dates to the seventh century, are copies of his original bishop portrait (Fig. 1 and 2). However, it is accepted that the standardized hagiographic portraits, which were in use just before and just after the iconoclasm and to the group of which belongs the bishop portrait of St Basil with black hair and long black beard, were replaced by more "realistic portraits" about the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth century.

A torockószentgyörgyi vár középkori története

Author(s): Radu Lupescu / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: I/2006

Situated on the watershed between the River Mureş and Arieş, Rimetea and Colţeşti are two Hungarian villages with specific ethnographical tradition in a region populated mostly by Romanians. Since the 13th century both villages were in the possession of the Torockai family, which gradually extended its estates in this area. The family built its first castle after the Mongol invasion of Hungary (1241 —42) in the neighbourhood of Torockó, on a high rock later called Székelykő. This was a fortification specific for that period, suitable especially to shelter people as it was built and maintained together with the neighbouring population. Later on the family showed no interest in that castle used basically by the surrounding communities. At the beginning of the 14th century the family got a higher social rank: Ehellős Torockai was appointed vice voivode of Transylvania. During the confused period of history of Hungarian Kingdom he took possession of the Szádkő castle, that was in the property of the Transylvanian Chapter. Situated at the edge of his private land properties, the castle was intended to be the new residence of the family. However, when Charles of Anjou solved the interior conflicts of the country, Ehellős Torockai was compelled to give back the castle to its legitimate owner. For the following time the family remained in the background and only after the change of the Hungarian ruler could obtaining new privileges. In 1366, when King Louis the Great stayed for a longer period in Transylvania, the Torockais got the ius gladii and probably that was the moment when they were authorized to build a new castle. Late written sources mention even the builder of the castle: Elek Torockai. It was built north to Torockószentgyörgy, and became the centre of the family's land properties. At the beginning it was a donjon like fortification consisting of a solid tower, a ditch, and probably some other architectural components. Probably still in the 14th century it was extended with a new tower, and the two towers were linked by a curtain wall. Basically this is the first significant building phase of the castle. The castle was brought up to date in the mid-15th century when on the southern side a new palace wing was erected. In a document dated in 1470 this was called novum edificium. The family could not enjoy for a long time the new residence because some of its members were engaged in a rebellion against King Matthias in 1467. After that the Torockais lost their castle, and some of their lands, which entered first in the property of the Transylvanian voivode, Miklós Csupor, and later under the possession of János Kis, Péter Derzsi, voivode János Pongrác and his son, Mátyás, János Corvin and others. The family achieved to get back the lost properties only in 1516 when the king of Hungary issued a new diploma for the Torockais, granting ownership of the estate and the castle. During the period when the castle was owned by different families it was many times improved, which resulted the lower and the upper castle. The lower one was consisted of the donjon and some new apartments on the southern part. The upper castle was extended with a bastion and a large courtyard. The two castles were unified when the Thorockai family regained them in 1516. This was already the century when the these type of castles were gradually given up and new types of residences were built. The castle was partially used until the beginning of the 18"1 century when it was completely destroyed by the Habsburg army.

About possible architectural routes and lectures. Bucharest - a short study

Author(s): Marina Mihaila / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2014

Present paper is a study on architectural trails, routes, projects and possible perspectives on future ones in Bucharest. It is a first study from a series of many intended by the author, meant to list the existent cultural studies and interventions and suggest new path and links between tradition and innovation. The article proposes a discussion on Bucharest’s architectural routes and lectures, from a city-view understanding and an architectural-artistic perspective. Observations are noted in the sense of urban space perception, its visibility as a whole but also as landmarks, places, etc. Several referenced professional studies and maps are the base of the present paper, most of which in online space, available for architecture tourists and also for urban-local culture.

Abstracts (Romanian - English)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2014

ACOPERIŞUL VERDE, NATURA URBANĂ ŞI DESIGNUL SUSTENABIL

Author(s): Ştefan Mihăilescu / Language(s): English,Romanian / Issue: 9/2017

The connection between man and nature, so suddenly interrupted within the city, has gained an extra chancewith the application of sustainable principles. That ledto the appearance of large greenhouses full of vegetationin buildings, and the concept of green terrace, resultingin a green environment controlled 100% by man.Restoring the link between man and the “natural” environment has beneficial effects on our health. This is visibleby lowering stress, lowering tension in the muscles,and achieving a more relaxed and tranquil climate that also improve social relationships within buildings social life

Activation of mainly construction molding sand mixtures

Author(s): Evsei SHAMIS,Veniamin IVANOV,Maria KHOLDAEVA / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This paper proposes a fundamentally new energy-efficient and effective technology of hydraulic concrete mixtures. The technique of design mixes and special equipment, leveraging the strength properties of cement, providing environmentally friendly and cost-effectiveness. Presents a number of solutions to this problem. Concrete mix new generation, manufactured by the proposed technology, different homogeneous structure and composition of the components, the most complete and regulated the use of binding properties, high strength characteristics.

Adalékok a Fekete-templom 1689-es tűzvész utáni újjáépítésének történetéhez

Egyházgondnoki számadáskönyv 1693-ból

Author(s): Ágnes Bálint / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: I/2006

Der erste Schritt der Wiederherstellung der im Jahre 1689 durch Brand schwer beschadigten evangelischen Stadtpfarrkirche A.B. in Kronstadt ist die Wiederherstellung des Dachstuhls gewesen. Aus der ersten Phase der Arbeiten, die wahrscheinlich schon im Jahre 1691 begonnen habén, besitzen wir nur geringe Quellen, die entweder allgemein gehalten sind, oder in ihrer Glaubwürdigkeit angezweifelt werden können. Das letzte Jahr der Dachstuhlarbeiten (1693) ist durch einen Rechungsbucheintrag gut dokumentiert. Im Folgenden werden gemeiusam mit der erstmaligen Veröffentlichung der genannten Quelle, der Kirchenrechnung des Johannes Retsch (Kirchenkurator 1693-1694) von 1693, einige Probleme zur Bauchronologie, zu Malínahmen an der Dachstuhlkonstruktion, zu einzelnen Aspekten der Zimmermannswerkstátte und zur Ablauforganisation der Arbeiten beleuchtet. Die Veröffentlichung der Rechnung ist in erster Linie für die Erforschung der Wiederherstellungsarbeiten an der Schwarzen Kirche von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Neben den Informationen über den Wiederaufbau des Daches bietet sie Aufschluli über den Zustand von Kirche, Nebengebaude und Pfarrhof und die daran vorgenommenen kleineren Restaurierungsmalinahmen in den Jahren unmittelbar nach dem groBen Brand.

Adaptacja zabytkowych pałaców Kotliny Jeleniogórskiej na cele hotelowe

Author(s): Katarzyna Janicka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 88/2014

The Valley of Palaces and Gardens in the Jelenia Góra Valley is an area of exceptional concentration of historical aristocratic residences in Poland. One third of twenty-seven existing palace complexes have been converted into hotels. Owing to their attractive location, amazing architecture, adjacent outbuildings and extensive parks, palaces can operate as hotels, offering leisure and cultural activities. The aim of the article was to present rationale and special features of historical palaces’ adaptation into hotels in the Jelenia Góra Valley.

Adaptim arkitektonik pranë zonës “Harry Fultz”

Author(s): Otjela Lubonja / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 1/2016

This policy paper is part of a scientific project, applied by Dr. Otjela Lubonja, whose aim is to propose a new project for an area in Tirana. This research deals with different theoretical and practical aspects of this area and through a detailed analysis we can propose creative ways how to improve its quality. This study aims to analyze, interpret and discover if there are any real chances for an effective change and if yes who are the possible mechanisms what would make this change possible. In the study are further clarified the reasons why this area has not been revived and thanks to previews works, different urban plans created for this area we could offer creative solutions for the improvement of its conditions. The project is just a part of a bigger research project that plans to be further expanded in other areas and by making concrete proposals interested stakeholders, while the university opens the discussion for further studies in the field of Architecture and Urban development