Категорията „отношение“ като структурен момент на историчност във византийската философия

Author(s): Smilen Markov / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian Issue: 20/2014

The metaphysical intuitions, which dominate Byzantine mental culture, favor exactly that, which is considered inferior and secondary in Neo-Platonism, namely, individual existence and movement. The concept of the ontological structure of creation is extremely dynamic. This dynamism stays behind the strategies of some of the Byzantine commentators of Aristotle for interpreting the category ‘relation’. They develop the ideas of Porphyry and Olympiodorus, who try to find a general explanatory model, in order to integrate all types of relations (potential and actual, unilateral and reciprocal) into one coherent system. John Damascene, Photios and Scholarios speculate on different patterns for presenting the last six categories in Aristotle’s list as derivative from the first four. They introduce two important ontological principles, when dealing with the category ‘relation’: 1) relations are manifestations of the essential energy, which is immanent to the essence and is a constant existential activity; 2) created essences are relational, which is why the hypostatical identity, although not relational in itself, is properly expressed through them. By Maximus Confessor one can reconstruct the metaphysical dimensions of these analytical transformations. For him relation is a guarantee and a tool for overcoming the divisions of the world and for its deification. Responsible for this transition is the cognitive capacity of man, which internalizes all the relations of being, thus realizing the eschatological goal of human history.

The Bosnian Tetraevangelium from Vrutok

Author(s): Lejla Nakaš / Language(s): English Issue: 67-68/2015

The Bosnian Tetraevangelium from Vrutok belongs to the Popović family from the village of Vrutok near Gostivar. There are modern marginal notes associated with this family surname dating from the beginning of the last century, when Prokopi¬je Popović, a graduand of the Skopje Teachers’ College, signed the manuscript to mark it as his property, while, in 1927, one of his heirs, Damjan Popović, signed folio 147b. The last owner, Dobrivoj Popovski, gave permission for the manuscript to be re¬corded on microfilm a full half-century after its first philological presentation. Not long afterwards it was deposited with the Saint Clement of Ohrid National Library in Skopje.

Wiara źródłem radosnego świadectwa o Chrystusie

Author(s): Henryk Szmulewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Wiara i radość są ze sobą ściśle powiązane. Pełnia radości zależy od stopnia wiary. Obserwacja współczesnego świata przynosi jednak niepokojące dane, według których wielu wierzących w Chrystusa zatrzymuje się na radości „chwilowej”, „płytkiej”, „niegodnej”, „grzesznej”. W konsekwencji traci związek z prowadzonym przez Kościół dziełem ewangelizacji. Będąc Bożym darem, wiara domaga się konkretnej odpowiedzi ze strony człowieka. Niniejsze studium jest przypomnieniem argumentacji teologicznej (szczególnie biblijnej i eklezjologicznej), według której głęboka wiara jest nieodzowna do dawania radosnego świadectwa o Chrystusie. Faith and joy are closely linked. The fullness of joy depends on the level of faith. However, today’s world observation brings alarming data, which show that many believers in Christ remain on a joy that is “temporary”, “shallow”, “unworthy” and “sinful”. As a consequence they lose connection with the evangelization promoted by the Church. Faith as God’s gift requires a specific answer from a man. This study is a recollection of a theological argumentation (especially biblical and ecclesiological), according to which deep faith is indispensable to give joyful testimony to Christ.

Entscheidung Für Christus und sein Wort (1938-1941): Analiza prvoga pentekostnog časopisa na njemačkom jeziku u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Vatroslav Župančić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2012

This paper analyzes the Pentecostal journal Entscheidung in German language, which was published in Vinkovci from 1938 to 1941. The first part of the article elaborates the historical context in which the texts of the Entscheidung were written, and than also the history of the German national minority in the area of the former republic of Yugoslavia. A concise review of the Pentecostal movement in Croatia before the Second World War is also given in the article. In the second part of the article the journal is theologically analyzed and compared with the journal Put spasenja (The Path of Salvation), which was published by the Pentecostals in Croatian language.

Być Bożym "teraz"

Author(s): Sławomir Stasiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Lectio Divina – važnost riječi božje u životu prezbitera

Author(s): Josip Knežević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2018

The aim of this article is to arrive at a more profound consideration of the Word of the Lord. It is addressed primarily to priests, but also to the lay faithful. The article is divided into three parts. The first part considers the Word of the Lord in the perspective of Scripture and the Second Vatican Council. The second part deals with more practical and pastoral themes centered on the diakonia, that is, serving the Word, which is realized through what is generically described as lectio divina. The practice of lectio divina is an invitation proclaimed by the Church Magisterium. The Church Magisterium strongly and specifically calls on all the lay faithful to acquire through constant reading of the Word of the Lord an elevated knowledge, that is, knowledge of Jesus Christ. Accordingly, this reading is accompanied by a prayer that is intended to establish dialogue between man and God. The third part proposes approaches to reading Scriptural texts through lectio divina, so that the spirituality of the priest can achieve greater intimacy with the Word of the Lord.

Analiza kalendara ćiriličnog Parmskog zbornika apokrifa u kontekstu štovanja svetaca i praznika u srednjovjekovnoj Bosni

Author(s): Ema Mazrak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2018

This paper addresses and contextualizes the only Calendar ever found from medieval Bosnia (the Parma Apocrypha: Parma, Biblioteca Palatina, Ms. Parm. 1993) by means of comparative analyses with liturgical calendars of Eastern and Western Christian provenance, placed in the context of a complex religious situation and a lack of material. Establishing the connections between the calendars was a two-way process: on the basis of common feast days, and of the names of saints that occasionally featured in just a small number of manuscripts. The analysis was also extended to other, somewhat meagre local sources, both written and painted, such as deeds issued by rulers and aristocrats (charters and such); the testament of Radin, which also mentions feast days; marginalia in Hval’s Miscellany; selected glosses of the Vrutočko Gospel; and illuminated medieval manuscripts of Bosnian origin. The conclusions arising from this study reveal that, despite the prophetic use of the manuscript, the Calendar was transmitted to this part of the world and transcribed from a liturgical calendar that served as a model, and that its links with local sources relating to feast days are more or less evident. The intention was to correlate the celebration of saints and holy days (even without precise dates) with the Bosnian Church and the religious principles of its members, as to which academic consensus has yet to be reached. This approach was also prompted by a note in the chronograph of the Parma Apocrypha manuscript (the 1370 host desecration / “Hula Krstijam”).

Sympozjum naukowe, 17 listopada 2018 r., aula WSD Koszalin, organizator: ks. Janusz Bujak, Wydział Teologiczny US, tytuł: Dogmat o Niepokalanym Poczęciu Najświętszej Maryi Panny w świetle objawień prywatnych

Author(s): Janusz Bujak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2019

„…HOGY EGYEK LEGYENEK, MINT MI” – AZ EGYSÉG KÉRDÉSE

Author(s): Sarolta Püsök / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

2019 is the Year of unity in the Hungarian Reformed Church since 10 years ago, when the Hungarian Reformed Churches on 22 May expressed their unity by accepting a common constitution. In the era of Reformation, in the 16th century the young reformed church of the Hungarian territories was divided in three parts. The Western region was brought under the rule of the Habsburg Empire, in the Eastern territory the independent Principality of Transylvania emerged and the biggest “third” of the former kingdom, the part in the middle was conquered by the Ottomans. The first common organizational structure for the whole Hungarian Reformed Church was possible only in 19th century, following the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The developing of the first constitution was finished in 1881, in Debrecen. After the two World Wars the Hungarian Reformed people lived not only in Hungary, but with a sudden political move they were citizens of Austria, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. In the latter century there have arisen significant Hungarian Reformed communities also in distant lands, not only in the traditionally Hungarian region. The Consultative Convent prepared a common liturgy and hymnal beyond the harmonization of reformed church law, which is a considerable result for the songs are important factors of unity.The disgregation / fragmentation is an old problem of humanity and of Christianity. The alternative is the koinonia, the true communion with God and with fellows. This study has its purpose in seeking possibilities to realize unity between people, the fellows in Jesus Christ.

A PRÉDIKÁCIÓ A LITURGIÁBAN

Author(s): Szabolcs Szetey / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2019

In the present paper, I examine the relationship between preaching and liturgy. I only focus on preaching in the services on Sundays and feasts. First of all, I offer an overview of Hungarian Reformed theoretical and practical liturgical books, service books, and books of liturgics concerning the relationship between preaching and liturgy from the 16th century to the recent days. The importance of preaching overshadows the liturgical function of the sermon; prayers, church music, hymns, and psalms are consequently losing relevance in the worship. The theoretical and practical books emphasize consistently, that the preaching must be presented and regarded as one of the elements of the liturgy/service. Preaching takes place within the service; the sermon has to be based on and contacted all the liturgical elements of the congregation’s worship. Balance between preaching and liturgy should be discovered, and established in order to worthily celebrate our services.

Doktrininė nota dėl katalikų veiklos ir elgesio politiniame gyvenime kai kurių klausimų

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 33/2003

Tikėjimo mokslo kongregacija, išklausiusi Popiežiškosios pasauliečių tarybos nuomonę, nusprendė paskelbti šią Notą dėl katalikų veiklos ir elgesio politiniame gyvenime kai kurių klausimų. Nota skirta Katalikų Bažnyčios vyskupams ir ypač katalikų politikams bei visiems tikintiems pasauliečiams, pašauktiems dalyvauti demokratinių visuomenių viešajame ir politiniame gyvenime. [...]

Aquinas’ evaluation of the assertion „quantum intendis, tantum facis“ as relevant to sinful actions

Author(s): Lingchang Gui / Language(s): English Issue: 25/2019

The criticism against the absolute validity of the assertion quantum intendis, tantum facis is an integral component of Aquinas’ doctrine of moral intention. This paper aims to investigate this criticism within the domain of sinful actions according to Aquinas’ division of sins. The quantum-tantum assertion is only valid regarding the mortal sins directly against God, which do not involve any effect of sensual suffering according to their species, whereas these kinds of sins cannot bear any degree of gravity: the loss of the connection with God is radical. Meanwhile, the mortal sins with sensual suffering as effect and the venial sins as the corresponding imperfect form do not follow the assertion and possess varied degrees of gravity: their sinful gravity depends not only on the intentional action, but on the corresponding realization. The fact that, among sins, the validity of the quantum-tantum assertion varies because of the sins’ relation to sensual effect indicates that sinful action, with or without a sensual effect, is involved in the species of sinful acts.

On jeden nieśmiertelny, prosty i boski” - romantyczna symbolika krzyża w Renesansowym psałterzu Karola Wojtyły

Author(s): Jan Makarewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The cross is one of the most important motifs in Karol Wojtyla's poems and in his latter papal teaching. The article analyses the symbolism of the cross present in the sonnets included in The Renaissance psalter by Karol Wojtyła from a romantic perspective. The influence of Zygmunt Krasiński and Cyprian Norwid whose works provided inspiration for Wojtyla is of particular importance here. The author of The Renaissance psalter appreciated The Un-Divine Comedy, Irydion and Promethidion, together with The New Middle Ages of Nikolai Berdyaev - those youthful reading experiences left a clear trace in his sonnets, which is noticeable in the symbolism of the cross, among other things. Krasinski's ideas are echoed particularly distinctively in the last sonnet that shows the dialogue of three columns among the ruins of the ancient world, even though the word ‘cross' has not been used at all. As for Prome- thidion, Wojtyła borrowed the idea of the cross from it as the principle of unity of the world - the cross which enables the unification of a pagan and Christian culture, a gothic and renaissance element.

DAL COGITO AL SOGGETTO: IL SOGGETTO CARTESIANO. UNA RILETTURA ALLA VATTIMO

Author(s): István András / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2019

The following article presents the “discovery” of Descartes: the subject and subjectivity. The French thinker comes to the conclusion that we can doubt anything except our existence. So the famous cogito ergo sum became the foundation to the new subject which in modern epoch experienced spectacular development. (We cannot forget that to Descartes the doubt means cogito, that is - thinking). According to Vattimo, among the features of the new subject we find the desire for freedom and self-realization, the critics towards the past and towards metaphysics. This subject was called by Italian philosopher the subject of middle-class Christian who wants to separate from the past, wants to break all the chains, but also keeps something from the past as if the work is not yet finished.

IL VESCOVO DIOCESANO COME MEDIATORE TRA DIRITTO UNIVERSALE E PARTICOLARE (CAN. 381 §1)

Author(s): László Bakó / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2019

The present article explores the figure of the diocesan bishop as a mediator between universal law and particular law. The essay includes two parts. First, we focus on the role of the diocesan bishop in the universal law, highlighting his function in both theory and practice. Second, we examine the same issue within the framework of the particular law. The research points out that the tension between the universal and the particular exists since the beginning of Christianity. However, it is argued that the diocesan bishop acts as a mediator in this tension from the beginning of the Church. Indeed, he is a mediator, a real “Pontifex”, between the universal law/Church and the particular law/Church. From this follows that the fundamental duty of the diocesan bishop is “to protect the unity of the universal Church, to promote the common discipline of the whole Church and therefore to urge the observance of all ecclesiastical laws” (see can 392 §1).

THE IMPACT OF REFORMATION IN THE TRANSYLVANIAN DIOCESE AND THE BEGINNINGS OF CATHOLIC REVIVAL

Author(s): László Holló / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

At the beginning of the 16th century the Diocese of Transylvania, which was over 60,000 square meters, had an extensive ecclesiastical infrastructure. Under the bishop‘s leadership, a 24-member cathedral chapter led the 600 parishes in the thirteen main districts. More than 1,000 monks lived in over fifty monasteries. This seemingly powerful community has practically ceased to exist within the short 25 to 30 years due to the desire for spiritual renewal and social policy. Without its bishopric and chapter leader, there was only one monastery and about thirty parishes. It was saved from the total destruction by the incredibly coherent and persistent work of the Jesuits, and by the counter-reformation that strengthened with the help of the Habsburgs, and by - most of all - the few faithful Catholics and their self-organizing activities. Thus, the Catholic autonomy was strengthened by the hierarchically organized Catholic Church that secular believers gained a status that is unique throughout the world. The purpose of my paper is to present that age and the birth of Catholic Status, also known as Catholic autonomy.

IL VICARIATO APOSTOLICO DELLA MOL DAVIA (1818–1884)

Author(s): Fabian Doboş / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2019

The article intends to present, briefly, the life and activity of the apostolic vicars who led the Catholic community of Moldavia during the Apostolic Vicarage period, which was founded in 1818, with the death of the last bishop of Bacau, Joseph Bonaventura Berardi. The period displayed, comes to an end in 1884, when Pope Leon the XIIIth promoted the Apostolic Vicarage of Moldavia to the title of diocese. The first bishop appointed was Jospeh Nicolas Camilli, who was also the last appointed apostolic vicar. It is also presented the way the catholic people of Moldavia lived and expressed their faith before and after the unification of the Romanian Principalities in 1859, showing also the significant role that the moldavian catholics played during the process of unification. The article also captures the report between the apostolic vicars, the religious authorities and those of state from the XIXth century, emphasizing on the testimony of faith expressed by the leaders of the Mission in Moldova, and also by laymen, shown to the entire Romanian society.

Choroba jako problem teologiczny – szkic do ujęcia ekumenicznego

Author(s): Jacek Froniewski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

Choroba w życiu każdego człowieka rodzi wiele pytań natury egzystencjalnej, stąd jest to także istotny problem teologiczny. Ze względu na uniwersalność doświadczenia choroby wydaje się konieczną próba ukazania tego zagadnienia także w perspektywie ekumenicznej. Temat opracowano w trzech zasadniczych częściach. Część pierwsza, jako wprowadzająca w problematykę, zajmuje się zdefiniowaniem pojęcia choroby oraz poszukiwaniem płaszczyzny dialogu w tej kwestii między nowoczesną medycyną a współczesną teologią. Następnie autor przechodzi do prezentacji problemu w sferze ściśle ekumenicznej, gdzie nakreśla w dwóch częściach współczesne ujęcia zagadnienia choroby reprezentatywne kolejno dla teologii prawosławnej oraz protestanckiej. Stanowisko teologii prawosławnej przedstawione zostało w oparciu o prace J.-C. Larcheta i uzupełnione o poglądy J. Zizioulasa. Natomiast protestancką teologię choroby zaprezentowano w ujęciu K. Bartha. Każda z tych tradycji chrześcijańskich ma tu swoją wyraźną specyfikę, ale wspólnym elementem, choć z różną intensywnością, jest podejście personalistyczne, które potencjalnie wydaje się być tu szczególnie cenne dla dialogu teologii z nowoczesną medycyną.

Refleksje Romano Guardiniego o byciu „zagubionym w chaosie”

Author(s): Tracey Rowland / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The text was written as a contribution to the celebration of the 92nd birthday of Joseph Ratzinger, who considered Romano Guardini to be one of the intellectual heroes of his youth. The author of the article discusses Guardini’s monograph published in 1933, entitled Das Gute, das Gewissen und die Sammlung. Among the enemies of moral life, Guardini included Immanuel Kant and his concept of absolute autonomy of conscience, Friedrich Nietzsche, according to whom Christianity is a form of slave morality, and Bolshevism (today we would call it Marxism). As was diagnosed by Guardini, those who want to make an effort to evaluate a moral act feel “lost in chaos.” Conscience is susceptible to three types of error: the search for easy solutions; the exaggeration of duties; the adoption of false interpretations resulting from following conscious or unconscious desires. In Guardini’s opinion, conscience is the living voice of God’s holiness in man. The moral law is not the law of the human ‘I,’ and Kant’s thesis is both philosophically and theologically incorrect. God gives grace of a pure conscience to man praying for the fulfilment of His will, while the sacrament of Confirmation gives man gifts of the Holy Spirit. The last part of Guardini’s work focuses on the importance of prayer and concentration, as well as the supervision of the senses.

Fenomenologia a filozofia chrześcijańska: Trzy przemiany Edith Stein

Author(s): Joyce Avrech Berkman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This essay examines Edith Stein’s three phases of religious development in the context of the debate during the 1920s and 30s over the relationship between religion and philosophy. This debate focused on the question of whether a Christian philosophy was an oxymoron. Stein, after her conversion to Roman Catholicism in 1922, identified herself as a Christian Philosopher. She thought that Christianity and Philosophy were reciprocal partners, not antagonists, in the search for fundamental truths of life and death. Stein’s three turns, which this essay explores historically and biographically, feature her decision to apply phenomenological philosophical methods and insights to the realm of religion, her move to a Christian perspective and finally her choice of Catholicism as her belief system.