A MEGBÉKÉLÉS ÉS AZ EMLÉKEZÉS ETIKAI KRITÉRIUMAI

Author(s): Sándor Fazakas / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2020

Ethical Criteria of Reconciliation and Remembrance. Reconciliation is a funda-mental concept of Christian theology, church practice and ecumenical social ethics. It is difficult to give a universally valid definition of reconciliation. The concept re-flects the changes of the image of God and man, the shifts in the Christian under-standing of salvation in cultural, legal and social context. Despite these significant differences, the juridical and social aspect of the doctrine is a constant in the history of theology and interpretation. According to this classic interpretation, reconciliation refers to the foundational event between God and man. The acting force of the event of reconciliation is God - but the human being has its part in actively partici-pating in the act of reconciliation, accepting the grace of God to collaborate with the creator in social, legal, economic and ecologic reconciliation between God and mankind. Unfortunately, the concept of reconciliation has been stripped of this rich spiritual-theological meaning and was reduced to its social, political and juridical dimensions. In order to counteract the one-sidedness of this understanding of rec-onciliation, this study aims to explore the theological-biblical complexity of reconcil-iation, and then to show the relevance of this rich theological concept for the cul-ture of remembrance, philosophical debates, and for the moral-legal dimension of the reconciliation processes of our societies.

A MEGBÉKÉLÉS HANGJAI BENJAMIN BRITTEN HÁBORÚS REQUIEMJÉBEN

Author(s): Krisztián Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2020

The Sounds of Reconciliation in Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem. On the morning of November 15, 515, German bombers attacked Coventry, an English town with the population of 210 thousand people for 12 hours. The medieval cen-tre of the town was completely destroyed along with the Saint Michael Cathedral. The cathedral that had been torn down by the bombings has never been recovered to its original state, they built a new church next to its ruins instead. The consecra-tion took place in 1962, for which an oratory was ordered from Benjamin Britten. This was the occasion for which he wrote War Requiem that is considered to be the interpretation of reconciliation since then, just like the cathedral, which has become the emblematic place of it. Apropos of the music, we can talk about the liturgic gen-re of mourning mass, as well as its unique function as a reminder that can reach its audience regardless of their worldview and religion.

A MEGBÉKÉLÉS JÓZSEFI PARADIGMÁJA

Author(s): Sarolta Püsök / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2020

The Paradigm of Reconciliation Seen at Joseph. The origin of unrest. The first part of the present study examines the origin of violence. In the biblical vision of the Paradise the lion does not harm anyone and the power and justice do not extin-guish peace.However, the earthly interpretation of justice, that of the mankind is mistaken, thus control and power have become a constant source of conflict. The greed for power over others destroys peace. The study presents the train of thought on vio-lence and peace from the book Exclusion and Embrace written by Miroslav Volf. The presented work writes openly about the distortions of the human interpreta-tion of justice. In Volf’s book Christ’s Kingdom of peace that has to come is deemed true but the author raises the question that until the promises will be fulfilled what does remain for His followers to do. Volf also asks whether the earthly life of the people is related to Christ and if yes, how does this bond manifest itself.Humanity has already come up different ideas to overcome violence, the mod-ernists put their hope into the intellect, others thought that the universal peace be-tween religions would put everything right, but the dreadful events of the 20th century showed wrong all the ideologically implemented attempts to establish peace. The only possible solution that remains is imitatio Christi.Reliance on God and its power to make peace. The second part of the study high-lights one of the Old Testament paradigms of the pious believer’s conduct on the subject of violence and reconciliation.The biblical stories carry timeless messages, behavioral patterns, archetypes which are worth analyzing so that evil cannot be repeated, to stop transmitting bad schemes and empower the functional ones through biblical examples.Joseph’s story unfolds from an ancient experience, from the fact that if someone is chosen it will result in the peers’ envy and hatred. The continuation of the story is conventional, in the sense that there are almost lawful manifestations of human evil, the brothers endanger Joseph and remove him by force. The really exciting part un-folds in the end, when Joseph acts atypically, breaking the chain of violence, re-sponding with forgiveness instead of revenge.He explains: You intended to harm me, but God intended it for good (Genesis 50:20). He understood that everything is part of God's providence, including what was painful, what he did not agree with, or what he did not understand at all. Jo-seph’s first great realization is that the absolute forgiveness belongs to God alone, who is the one who sees through the events of the world, and finally Joseph realizes that only those can have a future who do not cling to the grievances of the past but is open and ready for new duties.

A spiritu Sancto Dictata. Kálvin felfogása a Szentírás ihletettségéről

Author(s): Mihai Androne / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2010

Talking about Calvin’s concept regarding the nature of the inspiration of the Holy Bible means taking into consideration a topic which has been and still is subject to heated debates and which presents no unity of opinion within the same religious tradition. Talking about Calvin’s conception on the topic also means referring par excellence to the inspired character of the Biblical Books, which house God’s wisdom, proving of utmost importance to man’s redemption.

A Syriac Christology and Polemics Against the Jews: a theology of Aphrahat

Author(s): Ábrahám Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2009

The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it sets the historical context in which Aphrahat wrote his Demonstrations and deals with the interesting relationship between his writings, ‘against the Jews’ and the Sassanian persecution of Christians. It also treats his refutation of the Jewish charges. Secondly, it addresses his ‘unique’ view of christology which is not in line with the Nicene decision concerning one aspect yet at the same time it is congruent with it. The paper also tries to point out that his view on christology was ‘unique’ but not exceptional in the Early Church.

A szabadság önként vállalt szolgaság. Pál apostol szabadság-teológiája

Author(s): Angéla Deák / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2009

Eine der brennendsten Fragen unserer Zeit lautet: Was ist die Freiheit? Das Evangelium relativiert den Sinn der Freiheit und der Gefangenschaft. Zum Begriffskreis der Freiheit gehören: Der freie Zustand des Menschen gegen-über dem Sklaven, die Freiheit des Willens zum moralischen Handeln und das Evangelium als das eigentliche Gesetz der Freiheit. Bei der Analyse der Freiheitstheologie von Paulus sind die folgenden Ernäherungspunkten zu erwähnen: Die Stellung und Bedeutung des Freiheitsbegriffs innerhalb der paulinischen Theologie; der theologiegeschichtliche Ort der paulinischen Lehre über die Freiheit innerhalb des Urchristentums; der Zusammenhang des paulinischen Freiheitsgedankens mit den Gedanken der vorchristlichen, antiken Religions-und Geistesgeschichte. Paulus verwendet die e>leucer- Wortgruppe zur Bezeichnung der sozialpolitischen sowie der christlich-ethischen Freiheit. Die paulinische Freiheit bedeutet: Freisein von Sünden, Freiheit vor dem Gesetz und dem Tod. Dieser Einteilung folgen mehrere Forscher, wie z.B.: J. Weiß, R. Bultmann, K. Niederwimmer, W.-G. Kümmel und E. Schellbeeckx. Zusammenfassend könnten wir behaupten, dass die Freiheit – nach der Theologie von Paulus –nur in der Christologie verstanden werden kann.

A szenvedés a Szentírásban

Author(s): Dezső Bustya / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2007

The Problem of Suffering in the Holy Scripture. Suffering is one of the universal problems of mankind. Generally saying, everybody suffers to some extent in a part of his or her life. Corporal suffering has a great influence ont he state of mind, and vice versa. We are searching the reason, the purpose the suffering in human experience, in philosophy and in the same way in the Holy Scripture. In this study the author makes an attempt to lighten the answers of the Bible in the following problems: the different kinds of suffering, the origin and the purpose of it, the problem of the substitute suffering, the Servant of the Lord, the sufferings of Christians and of the Church, the human behaviour under suffering, the blessing of it; the suffering, which leads to death and finally: the suffering in the salvation counsel of God. The conclusion of the study is the following: suffering may be probation or an educational instrument of the Lord’s, which is included in his eternal plan of salvation. The blood of Christ purifies us from every sin, but in this earthly life we need the permanent purificatory work of God as long so as to reach we will be transformed to the similitude of the Son of God.

A Theological Perspective on the Phenomenon of Life: Introduction into the Bios, Psyche, and Zoe

Author(s): Anna Pędrak,Kamil Duszek / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Life is such a beautiful and unique phenomenon. It cannot be described by a single definition, as it manifests itself in many different ways. Therefore, the phenomenon of life must be captured as a whole and by including its essential planes. The authors of the paper did interdisciplinary research. Their task was an exploration of the issue of life on three planes: bios (life in its core manifestations), psyche (intelligent and conscious life), and zoe (life that transcends itself). The collected data gives an appropriate perspective for theological insight. This approach determines a methodology that is interdisciplinary and very theological in character. This in-depth perspective enables the whole phenomenon to be understood in its transcendental function. Life from its very inception emerges toward “something more.” The final goal of this transcendental dynamism is ever-living God.

A Titok felé nyújtózkodva… Megjegyzések K. H. Miskotte teológiájának margójára

Author(s): Árpád Ferencz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2007

Der niederländische Theologe, Kornelis Heiko Miskotte ist einer der einflussreichsten Theologen seiner Zeit gewesen, der die Theologie Karl Barths auf eigenständige Weise bearbeitet und weitergedacht hat. Seine Theologie ist auch heute eine Quelle der Impulse für den modernen Theologen. Die vorliegende Studie hat sich als Ziel gesetzt, die Theologie Miskottes, wenigstens in ihren Hauptlinien darzustellen, bzw. deren Konsequenzen für die ungarische reformierte Theologie aufzuzeigen. Die Arbeit gleidert sich in drei Teile und eine Einleitung. In der Einleitung sagt der Verfasser, warum er der Meinung ist, daß die Theologie Miskottes heute noch relevant und wichtig für die Menschen des 21. Jahrhunderts sei. In dem ersten Teil wird versucht einen „theologischen Lebenslauf“ Miskottes aufzuzeigen, mit biographischen Angaben und Zitaten aus seinen Tagebüchen gestützt auf die Arbeit seines Sohnes über den Vater. In dem zweiten Teil werden die wichtigsten Themen der Theologie Miskottes in einer subjektiven Auswahl gezeigt. Die hier behandelten Themen sind: Der Name, die Religion, die drei Hauptypen der religiösen Menschen und in einem letzten Abschnitt die Themen: Kultur, Zeit, Bewusstsein, Offenbarung. In dem letzten Teil der Arbeit wird versucht das zu zeigen, worauf die Theologie Miskottes die ungarische reformierte Theologie aufmerksam machen kann. Dabei wird besonders Wert auf die Tatsache gelegt, dass Miskotte ein beliebter kirchlicher Theologe gewesen ist, der in seine wissenschaftliche Arbeit immer die Praxis vor Augen hielt. Es wird auch hervorgehoben, dass die systematische Theologie ihre Aussagen nicht als absolut geltende ansehen kann, sondern sie müssen immer mit den biblischen Grundstrukturen im Einklang sein. Der Theologe soll keine metaphysischen Urworte, oder Urbegriffe suchen, sondern auf die Offenbarung schauen. Theologie bedeutet auch Verpflichtung, auf Wahrheit und Methode. Miskottes Theologie erinnert die heutigen Leser und Leserinnen an die Frage wie sich die Kirche zur Kultur verhält. In der ungarischen reformierten Kirche hat die Kultur eine bedeutende Rolle. Die ermahnende Frage Miskottes Theologie ist, wie sich Kirche und Theologie zur Kultur verhalten. Auch die Schönheit muss im Lichte der Wahrheit gesehen werden. Als Endergebnis dieses Themenkreises wird es anhand der These Eberhard Jüngels formuliert, was uns auch zum Weiterdenken anregt.

Adalékok Karl Barth Kálvin-értelmezéséhez

Author(s): Árpád Ferencz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 6/2009

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der theologischen Beziehung zwischen Johannes Calvin und Karl Barth. Barth hat sich während seiner Tätigkeit als theologischer Lehrer des Öfteren mit der Theologie des Genfer Reformators auseinandergesetzt.

Aktualność nauczania Jana Pawła II na temat błędu antropologicznego

Author(s): Wiesław Pieja / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2020

Correctly built ethics is possible to be established only on the foundation of integral anthropology. Integral anthropology presupposes the dignity of the human being, that is, it shows a vision of a man, with his soul and his body, and a man redeemed by Jesus Christ. Such premises do not always accompany human anthropology. Then, the so-called “anthropological error” appears, which is an attempt to mistaken thinking about a man. John Paul II was the first to use the concept of the anthropological error. He mentioned this topic in many aspects of his teaching. The message of my publication is a multifaceted discussion of the anthropological error in philosophical, social and cultural contexts, presented by John Paul II, and its update.

Amor sapientiae w itinerarium duchowym św. Augustyna

Author(s): Sylwester Jaśkiewicz / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 27/2020

The article shows the most characteristic elements of the teaching of St. Augustine on the subject of amor sapientiae. It represents a synthetic analysis, based on statements from the whole life of a thinker from Thagaste. At the same time, this work sketches the main features of the Augustinian spiritual itinerary. Augustine was deeply convinced that God’s providence not only brought him to philospophie portus, but also ignited the soul with a great love of wisdom. At the beginning of Augustin’s love of wisdom, Cicero Hortensius, read in the nineteenth year of age, stands. While amor sapientiae introduced Augustine first to the land of philosophy, so from the moment of conversion and baptism, his search for wisdom will be based mainly on the seriousness of the Holy Scripture and the authority of the Church’s faith. Hence the Augustinian amor sapientiae has a philosophical, theological and mystical dimension. Just as wisdom is for St. Augustine knows human and divine matters, intellectual knowledge of eternal matters, the highest light or truth, so also the path leads to her through knowledge and love. The culmination of the Augustinian search for wisdom is to reach God himself, the Wisdom who is the Son of God incarnate, Jesus Christ. Like the great thinker with Samos Pythagoras, the thinker with Thagase Augustine is fully entitled to the title of lover of wisdom (amateur sapientiae).

Analele Universității de Vest din Timișoara. Seria Teologie

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Romania

Analele Universității de Vest din Timișoara, seria: Teologie has been founded into the year 1995. Then, the Orthodox Theology Department of the Faculty of Letters, History and Philosophy has stepped into the second year from its foundation. During time, dozens of studies, book reviews, obituaries, scholar articles, essays, and other similar were published into the issue’s pages.

Nowadays, the issue came to the no. 22nd and reflects the results of the academic research of the theological staff and of some of the students, too. The scientific committee of the issue is made of some important theologians, from the Orthodox Church and from other Christian Churches, as: Teresa Ferro, Roberto Giraldo, Dimitrios Gonis, Philipp Harnoncurt, Ioan I. Ică (jr.), Dumitru Megheșan, Gheorghios Metallinos ș.a.

Antydemoniczny charakter sakramentu namaszczenia chorych

Author(s): Marta Ficoń / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 51/2019

The Sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick is a meeting with Christ – a physician of the soul and body, who in his Church continues to spread the kingdom of God in the world, raising the sick from the misery of sin and despair. It shows that through his Paschal Mystery, the Son of God gave suffering, illness and death a new meaning, thanks to which a suffering person can join in the work of the salvation of the world, having in perspective a vision of a glorious resurrection together with Christ. This sacrament gives man the opportunity to contribute to the growth of the Church, to his own perfection and to give glory to God, and above all gives the grace of the Holy Spirit, which strengthens faith, hope and love against the evil spirit, trying to attack in the most critical moments of life, which are severe illness and impending death.

Architektura i sztuka liturgiczna jako antidotum na desakralizację. Studium twórczości artystycznej M.I. Rupnika SI

Author(s): Radosław Kimsza / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2020

Contemporary architecture and sacred art have lost their original instinct in favor of illegible and ambiguous forms. In this way, sacred art, in a sense, sent the message to be a reality that helps man in contact with God, or, as the theorists of sacred art wanted, a tool that brings God down to earth. These tendencies are being remedied by Fr. Marko I. Rupnik, a Slovenian Jesuit, theologian and iconographer, founder of the Aletti Center – an institute of theology and art, promoting the idea of “the Christian breathing of two lungs”, combining the Eastern and Western traditions, which formed the doctrine of the undivided Church. The effect of Rupnik’s theological thought is liturgical art, which, inscribed in architecture, creates a space for human meeting with God.

Aspecte biblice privind complementaritatea dintre Sfânta Euharistie și slujirea filantropică

Author(s): Ciprian-Valentin Nicoarã / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 01/2020

Viewed with the superficiality of the contemporary man, severely affected by the spirit of secularization, diakonia - in its sense of neighbour ministry, seems to be a relatively new element, recently included in the missionary work of the Church and at the same time, one of the challenges of confessing the faith. The roots of this diaconical work are, however, particularly deep, its primary source being the unlimited love shared with man by God. This unmeasured love is the common foundation of the Eucharist and Christian philanthropy and is obviously the basis of the communion of man with God and of people together.Viewed with the superficiality of the contemporary man, severely affected by the spirit of secularization, diakonia - in its sense of neighbour ministry, seems to be a relatively new element, recently included in the missionary work of the Church and at the same time, one of the challenges of confessing the faith. The roots of this diaconical work are, however, particularly deep, its primary source being the unlimited love shared with man by God. This unmeasured love is the common foundation of the Eucharist and Christian philanthropy and is obviously the basis of the communion of man with God and of people together.

Aspecte metodologice şi dogmatice în polemica dintre Dumitru Stăniloae şi Lucian Blaga

Author(s): Laura-Liana Turcan / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 02/2015

The present study aims to analyze the dispute between Dumitru Stăniloae and Lucian Blaga, emphasizing the causes of the controversy (theological, subjective and methodological reasons) and also the shortcomings of this dialogue. Dumitru Stăniloae felt compelled to take a stand as the director of the Romanian Telegraph and as the rector of the Theological Academy Andrei Saguna against Blaga’s book, Religion and spirit, where the author denied the divinity of Jesus Christ and defined religion as a selftotalizing fiction, subject to stylistic determinations. The conflict between the two was in fact the rupture that occurred between philosophy and theology along with modernity and especially autonomy of human thought.

Aspekt normatywny we współczesnym rozumieniu duchowości

Author(s): Andrzej Jastrzębski / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

In today's world, the concept of spirituality - which is more and more complex - has attracted a great deal of interest. As first named and developed in the Roman Catholic context, it now has become universal and nearly all-embrac- ing. Today, not all current conceptions of spirituality are grounded in, or linked to religion. The Western thought has been dealing with it for some time now and the Polish academic milieu is likely to follow suit. Thus helping people mature in their spirituality has become far more demanding than it used to be in the past when one could refer to a set of guidelines, prescriptions or commandments developed within traditional religions. In this paper, we try to describe various concepts of spirituality and analyze some universal theoretical and empirically-based proposals of assessing when someone's spiritual growth is healthy and when it is not.

Az emberi lélek és az örök élet Kálvin első teológiai munkájában

Author(s): Istvan Pasztori-Kupan / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 5/2009

The present study examines the implications of Calvin’s composing his first theological treatise entitled Living with Christ (Vivere apud Christum), later known as The wakefulness of the souls (Psychopannychia). Although the composition itself does not reveal much of the author’s first-hand experiences concerning those who in his time held the doctrine of soul sleep or death and resurrection of the soul, it becomes obvious that he definitely intended to distance himself from such views. In Calvin’s concept the soul neither ‘sleeps’, i.e. does not subsist in some unconscious state between the person’s death and the final judgment, nor dies and resurrects together with the body at the end of times, but lives consciously together with Christ.

Az emlékezés és a felejtés teológiai megítélése

Author(s): István Dávid / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2007

Der Fragenkreis der Erinnerung und des Vergessens wird in der Heiligen Schrift – abgesehen von einigen Ausnahmen – nicht in seiner psychologischen Bedeutung dargestellt. Alle mit der Erinnerung und dem Vergessen verbundenen menschlichen Tätigkeiten, die zwar anthropologischen Charakter haben, sind Glaubenstätigkeiten, die ihren Sinn in der Gott – Mensch-Beziehung erhalten. Die Aufforderung zur Erinnerung ist ein solcher Befehl, der die Tätigkeit des jeweiligen Christen bestimmen muss. Die Erinnerung ist die Ausübung des Glaubens: in Demut, Gebet, Gastfreundlichkeit, Diakonie, Liebe und Achtung einander gegenüber. Sie ist die missionarische, seelsorgerliche und kathechetische Aufgabe einer Fest begehenden Gemeinde. Sie ist ein ethischer Imperativ, doch reicht sie über alle Moraltätigkeiten hinaus, weil sie ihren Sinn und Inhalt nicht von den menschlichen Beziehungen, sondern vom ewigen Gott erhält. Was in der Glaubenssprache Erinnerung heißt, das ist in der Sprache der Ethik: Tat. Was in der Sprache des Glaubens Vergessen heißt, das nennt man in der Ethik Selbstopferung und Demut. Was in der Sprache der Ethik Erinnerung ist, das wird in der Sprache des Glaubens Erkennung der Gnade genannt. Was in der Sprache der Ethik Vergessen heißt, das bedeutet in der Sprache des Glaubens, dass wir uns selbst und Gott für nichts achten.