СОЛНЕЧНЫЕ И ЛУННЫЕ ГАЛО В САКРАЛЬНОЙ КАРТИНЕ МИРА ВОСТОЧНЫХ СЛАВЯН XI – XIII ВВ.

Author(s): Daniil Viktorovich Puzanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

The paper reconstructs the place and role of solar and lunar optical phenomena in the sacral picture of the universe by the Eastern Slavic society during the pre-Mongol period. The written and folk interpretation of halo traditions, solar and lunar shine is analyzed. The views on atmospheric diffraction phenomena as weather signs and omens of political changes are also investigated. The people of Old Rus’ believed that simple halos defined weather changes. At the same time, complex halos predicted victory or political crises and signified holiness of the deceased person. The common mind connected the sacred solar and lunar halos with the figure of prince and (in the Christian era) saint pretenders. The folklore also associated the phenomenon of halo with the special solar and lunar sacred activities. The literary presentations of complex halos could reflect the biblical semantics of light and glow as heavenly fire and evidence of the glory of God.

Funkcje toposu Szatana we współczesnym polskim dyskursie religijnym

Author(s): Marzena Makuchowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

In the contemporary Polish Catholic discourse one can notice increased presence of figure of Satan and Biblical topos of his fight with God. The figure appears not only in strictly religious texts but also in discussion on up to date phenomenon of social life, such as abortion, in-vitro fertilization, homosexual partnerships and others. The article is trying to answer the question about functions of this topos. The answer is being searched with usage of sociological findings on the role of language in religion and the role of religion in social life – both issues are discussed in the first chapter. The second chapter, based on fragments from catholic press, presents ways of language construction of analyzed figure. The third chapter focuses on four functions of the topos. The first one is to support religious vision of the world; the second is to strengthen so called nomos, which is the conjunction of rules on which the society is based; the next two functions have rhetorical, persuasive character. The Biblical topos is a kind of a rhetorical formula, which enables in an easy and simple way to explain and to judge the reality but at the same time it gives a very schematic and simplified picture.

La visión del terrorismo en “Las cloacas del paraíso” de Jorge Díaz

Author(s): Anna Werman / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2016

The present article outlines the problem of terrorism in “The Sewers of Paradise” by Jorge Diaz. Moving it to the current times, the play uses the Biblical myth of Cain and Abel, however, with a completely changed original meaning. The world presented in the play is full of absurd situations highlighting an individual’s incomprehension of the events that shape today’s socio‑political scene. Díaz questions the ethics of the current world, emphasizing the following problems: the religious intolerance, authority abuse, opportunist manipulation, xenophobia, discrimination of women, conformism and solitude of the individual lost in a cruel and hostile universe. Generally, the work investigates the concept of terrorism and shows its complexity. The model of the “triangle of violence” by Johan Galtung is used here. Diaz presents the phenomenon of aggression in terms of structural, cultural and direct violence.

Poszukiwania „optymalnego” tekstu Biblii w XIII wieku

Author(s): Janusz Królikowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Chociaż chrześcijaństwo nie jest „religią księgi” w potocznym rozumieniu tego określenia, to jednak księga Pisma Świętego stanowi jej oparcie, program i kryterium weryfikujące. Dlatego też w ciągu wieków zawsze starannie dbano o to, by tekst biblijny był odpowiednio przechowywany i przekazywany. W tym artykule zwracamy uwagę na to, w jaki sposób poszukiwano optymalnego tekstu Biblii na uniwersytecie w Paryżu w XIII wieku. Powstanie uniwersytetów i nadanie naukowego charakteru teologii sprawiło, że powstał problem przygotowania odpowiedniego tekstu biblijnego, jednakowego dla wszystkich i łatwo dostępnego. Potrzeba akademicka szybko wpłynęła więc na popularyzację tekstu biblijnego oraz na potrzebę jego skorygowania. Proces opracowania nie był łatwy, ale mimo powstających trudności dość szybko z nim się uporano. Wypracowano tekst, który w końcu zarówno zadowalał uczonych, jak i spełniał kryteria tradycji eklezjalnej. Przy okazji pojawiło się wiele ważnych refleksji teoretycznych, które wpłynęły na pogłębione rozumienie natury tekstu biblijnego oraz na sposoby jego interpretacji. Z tych doświadczeń korzystano w kolejnych wiekach, a wiele wniosków, które wyprowadzono w XIII wieku, zachowuje swoją aktualność do dnia dzisiejszego. Although Christianity is not “a religion of the book” in the common understanding of this expression, however the Bible constitutes its support, programme and verifying criterion. That is why over the centuries the text of the Bible was always scrupulously enshrined and transferred. This article focuses on the subject of how the optimal text of the Bible was searched for at the University of Paris in 13th century. The advent of universities and a new character of theology as a scientific study created a need for a proper text of the Bible, the same for everyone and easily available. Thus the academic necessity rapidly increased the popularity of the biblical text but also prompted the need of its correction. The study was a difficult task, but the problems were soon overcome. The final version of the text satisfied the scholars and met the criteria of the ecclesiastical tradition. Concurrently a lot of significant theoretical reflections emerged which affected the profound understanding of the nature of the biblical text and the ways of its interpretation. These achievements appeared to be valuable in centuries to come and the numerous conclusions drawn in 13th century remain relevant even today.

KÖNYVSZEMLE

Author(s): Judit Domány,István Borzsák,Zoltán Gloviczki,Egon Maróti,Monika Pesthy,Tiborné Grüll,Nóra Fodor,Péter Prohászka / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1(2)/2001

RIMÓCZI-HAMAR MARTA: HORATIUS, VERGILIUS ÉS MAECENAS. Barátság és hűség Augustus Rómájában. Apollo Könyvtár 20. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 2000. 177 lap. FARKAS ZOLTÁN—HORVÁTH LÁSZLÓ—MAYER GYULA: ÓGÖRÖG OLVASÓ- ÉS GYAKORLÓKÖNYV. TypoTEX Kiadó, Budapest 1998. 200 lap. Ugyanazok: Ógörög olvasó- és gyakorlókönyv. Másodikjavított kiadás. TypoTEX Kiadó, Budapest 1999. 203 lap. JOHANN COOK: THE SEPTUAGINT OF PROVERBS. JEWISH AND/OR HELLENISTIC PROVERBS? CONCERNING THE HELLENISTIC COLOURING OF LXX PROVERBS. Leiden—New York—Köln 1997. XX + 391 lap. PARADISE INTERPRETED. REPRESENTATIONS OF BIBLICAL PARADISE IN JUDAISM AND CHRISTIANITY. Ed. by GERARD P. LUTTIKHUIZEN (Leiden—Boston—Köln 1999 Brill) (Themes in Biblical Narrative Jewish and Christian Traditions) 208 lap. TH. BAIER: WERK UND WIRKUNG VARROS IM SPIEGEL SEINER ZEITGENOSSEN. Von Cicero bis Ovid. (Hermes Einzelschriften 73. Stuttgart 1997.) 208 lap. OVID. WERK UND WIRKUNG. FESTGABE FÜR MICHAEL VON ALBRECHT ZUM 65. GEBURTSTAG. Hrsg. Von WERNER SCHUBERT I—II. Frankfurt 1999. (Studien zur Klassischen Philologie 100.) 1220 lap. RHIANNON ASH: ORDERING ANARCHY. ARMIES AND LEADERS IN TACITUS’ HISTORIES. London 1999. X + 246 lap. STEPHEN HINDS: ALLUSION AND INTERTEXT. DYNAMICS OF APPROPRIATION IN ROMAN POETRY. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge—New York—Melbourne 1998. 155 lap.

Motivul Avestiței în demonologia populară românească

Author(s): Petru Adrian Danciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Our research follows the demonic perspective on Avestiția′s activity and life. Considered today as a demonic character, she is highlighted by an activity defined almost exclusively against the killing of a pregnant woman or a baby, through appearances that cause fright (the disease called samcă) and the disfigurement of the "touched" by the demon. Because her history is unknown, the recent popular tradition has made one, Avestiția being the sister of Saint Sisoe, a murderer of children, and hence the generation of his witchcraft activity, which is why she is punished by her brother and by Archangel Michael. Newer theories claim a Semite origin (Lamashtu and Lilith), but we come with another, a totemic one, generated by the demon's descriptions. Thus, by systematizing the researched elements, we affirm that, starting from a totem (of the bear), dethroned by the masculine cults of Dacia, deity turns into a demon and encounters the demonological semite elements, prior to Christianity in our country. Subsequent intervention of Christianity "corrects" the history of the character, turning her into a legend, when Sisoe and Archangel Michael appear. This final formula is known by Romanian ethnologists. Christian syncretism almost immediately generates the incantations of samcă and the "Book of Avestiția," a charm that reveals the name and the real history of the demon, which aroused the attention of Christian syncretism when attempting to kill baby Jesus, defrauded by Michael. Sacred folk literature describes her as an extremely dangerous being, Satan's right wing.

AN ATTEMPT TO INTERPRET POETRY FROM THE PSALTER. THE WALL COMPOSITION OF THE VAULT BUILT IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN THE CHURCH OF DOLNA VERENITSA

Author(s): Katerina Dyulgerova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The report examines and analyses the unique and specific in nature wall decoration in the additionally constructed 19th-century narthex of the church in the village of Dolna Verenitsa. The emphasis in this study is placed on the allegorical rosette created on verses from The Psalter with calendar and cosmogonic interpretations which, in the form they are written/painted, are not found in churches constructed at the same time in the region; and which are of particular interest for iconographic studying due to their singular nature. Emphatic is also the choice of the psalm, and composite references to other churches displaying similar images.

Jews and Their Language in Wujek’s Bible 1599

Author(s): Rajmund Pietkiewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The author, on the basis of the study of the commentaries and prefaces to Wujek’s Bible of 1599, depicts the image of the Jews, their language and their customs as it was presented by Jakub Wujek and his contemporaneous fellow Jesuits. The author refers to the sources of the information contained in Wujek’s Bible, evaluates it in the context of the religious situation in the Renaissance Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and attempts at establishing the realm and power of the influence it had on readers.

Kobiecość niepełnosprawna w perspektywie prawa Bożego (luźne refleksje pedagoga nad wybranymi wątkami antropologii biblijnej)

Author(s): Mirosław Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 27/2018

The author took up the problem of disabled femininity in relation to the Revealed Truth and the God’s Law, from which he made a starting point to analyze the causes of contemporary social inequalities. The author’s interpretation of selected biblical themes is one of the possible and fully legitimate from a personalistic perspective. The author presents a rather bold, provocative position that the so-called “male perspective of the world”, full of illegitimate inequalities in the light of God’s plan, is a consequence of imposed and eternal interpretations of the Scriptures, which are stereotypical in understanding and shaping relationships between people. These stereotypes lead to social divisions. The article written by the pedagogue carries a message concerning the education of young generations, shaping awareness – in the spirit of tolerance, justice, crossing the divisions resulting from, for example, gender or health.

Le refus de postérité dans le roman européen de l’entre-deux-guerres – face au premier couple biblique.

Author(s): Aglika Popova / Language(s): English,French Issue: 1/2019

The aim of this study is to present the modern interpretations of the first Biblical couple in the interwar European novel. Works from French, Romanian and Bulgarian literature have been taken as examples on whose basis analysis has been made of the possible convergence of ideas in Europe during that period. The figure of the first Biblical family has been attracting writers in their aesthetic quests through the reflection on social models and the fulfillment of Man and Woman. Considering this context, the refusal of posterity becomes a painful theme. There is a dilemma between the desire to preserve the couple in the initial stage of innocence before the Fall and the intent to end the cycle of errors repeated by mankind. Last but not least, the theme raises the question of the newly emerging female identity which breaks away from the traditional roles of mother and wife.

Някои аспекти от църковното учение за духовната борба въз основа на съчинението на св. Йоан Касиан Римлянин „Събеседвания с отците“

Author(s): Stoyan Chilikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The study focuses on some aspects of the church’s spiritual life, based on the work of St. John Cassian. “Conferences of the Desert Fathers”. The author seeks answers in the writings of the Reverend and the practice of the church about the emergence and overcoming of the confrontation of the Eucharist with asceticism and the Eucharistic spirituality with therapeutic spirituality. Тhe dependence of the ascetic views of Rev. St. John Cassian on Origen and Evagrius of Pontius, who prioritize the fight with passions, purifying the heart and contemplation of the life of the church was studied and analyzed in a discussion manner. For the purpose, were made parallels of the ideas of St. John Cassian’s work with the hymnographic texts of the liturgical tradition and other ascetic writings of the early Byzantine Fathers of the church. The text of the study raises the question of the existence of the therapeutic and eucharistic spirituality of the church separately from each other, as being extrinsic to the Orthodox church spirituality.

Специфична лексика в гръцкия текст на Книга Откровение на св. Йоан Богослов.

Author(s): Iva Trifonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 17/2019

This article is about the original Greek vocabulary in the Book of Revelation of St. John the Theologian (or of the Apocalypse) in view of the development of the overall Christian biblical tradition. The object of the study is the Greek vocabulary in the New Testament canonical corpus, which is found only in the text of the Apocalypse – i.e. the excerpted lexical units have remained out of the vocabulary of the Greek translation of the Old Testament canonical corpus, outside the sacred evangelical text and beyond that of the epistoles and the acts of Christ’s apostles. The collected lexical material is presented together with its Slavonic translation in the context of the other biblical books from the earliest period of Slavonic script, and is supplemented by its correspondences in the Latin translation of the Sacred Scripture

Nowe miasto Boże w ujęciu Ezechiela (Ez 48,30-35)

Author(s): Andrzej Sebastian Jasiński OFM / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

W duchu dialogu judaistyczno-chrześcijańskiego, w artykule zajmuję się tekstem Ez 48,30-35, który jest bardzo ważny dla obu wspólnot wierzących. Ostatnia wizja Ezechiela (Ez 40–48) stała się źródłem inspiracji dla judaizmu i chrześcijaństwa. Nie ma jednak zgodności w interpretacji tej prorockiej zapowiedzi: nastania nowej świątyni i nowego miasta. Świątynia (+ miasto) została przedstawiona w świetle judaizmu rabinackiego, pism qumrańskich oraz samego Ezechiela. W części egzegetycznej przebadano dokładnie tekst Ez 48,30-35. Na zakończenie zostały przedstawione wnioski teologiczne w sześciu punktach: chwała Jahwe; dziedzictwo patriarchów; potęga Jahwe; obecność Jahwe; nadzieja Izraela; recepcja chrześcijańska. Księga Ezechiela pozostaje jednym z najbardziej tajemniczych pism biblijnych. Jej potencjał teologiczny nie zawsze jest doceniany. Odnosi się to również do kwestii dialogu międzyreligijnego. Ezechiel był heroldem świętości imienia Jahwe oraz poznania Boga: Pana całego stworzenia, obecnego pośrodku swego ludu. Prawdy te stanowią trzon credo zarówno Żydów, jak i chrześcijan. Wspólna ich kontemplacja pozwala na wzajemne zbliżenie, które w końcu wszystkich pragnących doprowadzi do miasta nazwanego „Jahwe (jest) tam” (Ez 45,35).

Christians and Jews: historical and theological perspectives of their relationship

Author(s): Andrzej Piotr Perzyński / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 19/2019

The article analyses the subject of Christian-Jewish relations in historical and theological terms. In the historical part, the following periods are briefly discussed: New Testament, patristic, medieval, modern and contemporary. In the theological part, the common elements of Judaism and Christianity are first presented. Herein: Jews and Christians identify their faith and action through the interrelations between justice and love; they base their beliefs on the common “scripture” (the “Old Testament”); they understand each other as the people of God; they profess the one God, the Creator and the Redeemer; they express their faith in worship, in which there are many similarities;Jews and Christians also live in the expectation for the common history of God with His people, whose fulfilment they expect. Distinctive elements (the divergence of the ways) are: the belief in Jesus, the Christ; the interpretation of the Scriptures; a different understanding of what God’s people are; different developed piety. In conclusion, it is said that the rediscovery of a positive relationship with Judaism facilitates a positive formation of Christian identity and memory.

Le Testament d’Abraham et sa présence dans un convoy juridique et antihérétique (BAR Mss. sl. 636)

Author(s): Ivan Biliarsky / Language(s): French Issue: 1-2/2019

The article is devoted to an Old Testament apocryphon – the Testament of Abraham – and its presence, its importance and its functions in the convoy of predominantly juridical and polemical anti-heretical collection compiled in the Principality of Moldova in the 16th century. The second part of the article proposes an interpretation of the text and its importance mainly in the legal context of the copy (BAR, Ms. sl. 636). What can be the meaning and function of a deuterocanonical text in a predominantly juridical collection? The study of the manuscript itself leads us to the conclusion that the separate elements (legal, polemical, historical, dogmatic, apocryphal) that make up the collection are subject to its general purpose. As for the apocrypha, they can be said to present some biblical point of view. In particular, the Testament of Abraham illustrates the idea of justice and the relationship between human and Divine justice. Human justice serves earthly purposes, and always, even the most just one, implies the idea of punishment, while Divine justice is based on mercy and seeks the salvation of the human soul.

PREZENTĂRI BIBLIOGRAFICE

Author(s): Maxim Moraru,Stelian Gombos,Cătălin Varga,Răzvan Fibișan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 07-09/2020

Niegodziwi pasterze i Dobry Pasterz

Author(s): Jerzy Bosowski / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 24/2020

Kontekstem podjętych badań było odmienne opisywanie struktury tekstu Ez 34 przez różnych komentatorów Księgi Ezechiela. Celem badań było odkrycie struktury, którą starożytny autor zaplanował i zapisał. Zastosowano metodę retoryki hebrajskiej, którą opracował Roland Meynet. Osiągnięto następujące wyniki badań: fragment Ez 34,1-10 ma strukturę paralelno-koncentryczną o schemacie: A, B, C, B’, A’. Fragment Ez 34,11-31 też ma strukturę paralelno-koncentryczną o takim samym schemacie. Wniosek, jaki można wyciągnąć z badanego tekstu, sprowadza się do stwierdzenia, że Księga Ezechiela jest aktualna dzisiaj.

Egzegeza J 11,1-46 w ujęciu retoryki semickiej

Author(s): Dawid Kontny / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 24/2020

Kontekstem przeprowadzonych badań było stwierdzenie, że różni komentatorzy wskazują na inne struktury badanego tekstu. Celem badań było opracowanie struktury tekstu przy zastosowaniu metody naukowej. Posłużono się metodą retoryki hebrajskiej, którą opracował Roland Meynet. Uzyskano wynik, który wskazuje, że struktura badanego tekstu schematycznie wygląda następująco: A (11,1-19), B (11,20-32), A’ (11,33-46). Wyciągnięto wnioski, że badana treść oznacza znak, który objawia władzę nad śmiercią fizyczną, przekazuje także informację, iż wiara w Jezusa otwiera na dar życia wiecznego oraz zakłada uzdrowienie miłości, a także zmartwychwstanie ludzi jest możliwe za cenę śmierci i zmartwychwstania Jezusa.

Sprawozdanie z sympozjum naukowego Maryja w teologii i sztuce chrześcijańskiej, Stadniki, 6 maja 2021 roku

Author(s): Leszek Poleszak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Report from the scientific symposium Mary, Mother of God, in theology and Christian art, Stadniki, May 6th, 2021

“BEGIN AS YOU MEAN TO GO ON”: THE OPENING CHAPTERS OF THE PALAEA HISTORICA IN GREEK, SLAVONIC, AND ROMANIAN

Author(s): Mihail-George Hâncu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The aim of this paper is to provide a starting point for a comparison between the four edited versions of the Palaea Historica: the Greek one, the first Slavonic translation, the Romanian translation and the recently published second Slavonic translation. The four versions diverge from the very beginning, with the Greek and the first Slavonic translation providing a discussion on the Holy Trinity before moving on to God’s creation of the world, whereas the Romanian version omits the theological introduction and expands the cosmogonical portion with a paraphrase of Epiphanius’ Hexaemeron. The second Slavonic translation omits the entire description of the six days of creation in order to focus on Adam and the symbolic importance of his name. Another point of interest is the treatment of a fragment condemning the heretical view that Satan was Cain’s father, which is not conserved in the first Slavonic version and the Romanian versions.