Święta Rodzina – żywą ikoną Trójcy Świętej

Author(s): Paweł Błasiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2018

This article studies the issue of the image of God in man. It strives to find this image on the social level, meaning a person’s relationship with others. As a starting point, the author chose the Biblical Account of the Creation of Man. People are created as a man and a woman, in the image of God, who is the First in the relationship of the Persons of the Holy Trinity. Just after people sinned, they broke their relationship with the Lord God. However, the Lord God does not abandon his creatures. He sends his Son to seek people out and build a new relationship between God and man. In his wisdom and in his way, he teaches men about God. He communicates with people in the language of the Word, through signs and pictures. The Holy Family of Nazareth where our Lord Jesus Christ was born and raised and was started thanks to God’s grace in cooperation with people can also be a way for God to communicate with people according to the author. God who lives in a perfect relationship as the Trinity can also be seen in the Holy Family, which is the model of interpersonal relationships based on communio caritatis. People can imitate them in their own family lives and homes, and in this way, they come closer to getting to know God not only on the intellectual level, but experience God in their personal lives thanks to their relationships with others. The Holy Family of Nazareth can be described as the Earthly Holy Trinity, meaning that it can be understood as a living icon of the Holy Trinity. As such, it helps us to get to know God in the One Holy Trinity. Not being God itself, the Holy Family represents God thanks to its virtues.

Kradzież w wypadku koniecznym w systemach totalitarnych

Author(s): Jarosław Zieliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 25/2018

The article presents the issues related to the possession of material goods and how a man should manage them in accordance with the Creator's plan. It discusses the problem of theft in case of necessity taking into consideration the problem of hunger. Moreover, it analyses the issues concerning the unjust appropriation of someone’s property and points out that the commandment “do not steal” defends human freedom and their right to own property. Social justice which is to contribute to the creation of the social common good is also presented. Consequently, all groups and social classes can participate in a proportionally equal way. The article shows the way how man and material goods are treated in a totalitarian system. Finally, it is shown that the seventh commandment is obligatory to all people.

BIBLIJOS FRAZEOLOGIZMAI JOKŪBO BRODOVSKIO RANKRAŠTYJE LITAUISCHE SPRICHWÖRTER UND RÄTSEL

Author(s): Ona Aleknavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 18/2016

The article contains an analysis of the biblical phraseology in the manuscript collection of proverbs, sayings, and riddles Litauische Sprichwörter und Rätsel (LSR) that is kept in the Vrublevskis Library of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences (LMAVB RS : f. 137 – 1). This collection was compiled by the precentor Jokūbas Brodovskis (Jacob Brodowski, 1692–1744) in Trempai (East Prussia) between 1716 and 1744 (it was known earlier as An anonymous collection of proverbs, sayings, and riddles). It is considered the first Lithuanian collection of idioms or dictionary of phraseology. Three categories may be singled out in an analysis of the biblical phraseology: (1) quotations; (2) idioms resembling quotations; (3) contextual idioms. In LSR’s macrostructure, biblical phraseology (in the broad sense) constitutes only a small part of the text. The phrases that are direct quotations are especially scarce, and those that only resemble quotations are somewhat more frequent. They were mostly acquired from the German part of the grammar by Daniel Klein, Compendium Litvanico-Germanicum (1654; KlC). The primary layer of the manuscript contains few of them; most were inserted at a later time, when proverbs and sayings were added from the spoken language. Thus, initially Brodovskis did not intend to record them. Most probably he perceived the examples from Klein’s grammar as typical and empirically-grounded examples for illustrating Lithuanian usage. In the context of LSR’s macrostructure, the Bible quotations are literary phrases acquired from a written source.

Das Neue Testament in der Orthodoxen Kirche und Theologie Hermeneutische Ansätze und Perspektiven. Ulrich Luz zum 80. Geburtstag

Author(s): Christos Karakolis / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2018

One of the most important challenges of contemporary Orthodox theology is the possibility of creative dialogue with the methods and the results of modern New Testament scholarship. This paper claims that a combination of the Orthodox theological tradition and New Testament scholarship is not only possible but indeed necessary. Since the first centuries, the Church Fathers have been studying the New Testament by a variety of approaches using the methodological tools of their respective era. The Church Fathers have considered the New Testament as being a book written by inspired human beings and witnessing the divine revelation. During the middle and later Byzantine period, the patristic biblical exegesis has gradually gained so much authority and importance that it became normative for all later interpretations. One could characterize the patristic interpretation of the Holy Scripture during the first Christian centuries as a “canon after the canon.” Modern-day New Testament scholarship is also not free of problems with regard to both method and content. From an Orthodox perspective, this is due to the fact that it often exceeds its own limits by trying to access the uncreated divine reality by using created scholarly methods and categories. The Church Fathers have avoided this inconsistency by developing and following a “double theological methodology,” namely distinct approaches to the created reality and the uncreated one. Just like the Church Fathers made use of the philosophical and theological language and methods of their own time, nowadays Orthodox Theology can significantly profit from the use of the methods and results of New Testament scholarship. This is the only way for it to provide convincing answers to contemporary questions. Such a practice would be an adoption of the true spirit of the Church Fathers, as opposed to merely citing their texts that refer to a different time and focus on different problems from our own.

Barometer stavu človeka i ľudskej spoločnosti podľa Dekalógu v Ex 20, 2 – 17. Kritická poznámka k štruktúre a teológii textu

Author(s): Pavel Prihatný / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2018

The Decalogue in the Book of Exodus suggests itself to examination in order to get to its simpler original structure. Shortening of some of the commandments, which does not attack their meaning, reveals its concentric composition and, subsequently, allows us to notice its main theological and anthropological concern. The Decalogue, in its possible original structure, concentrate reader’s attention on two main vices, anger and lust, which manifest concupiscentia, the deepest inner injury of the men. And therefore, if anyone wants to realize his proper life and reach goodness, the only real aim of human life, he has to overcome concupiscentia first of all and work constantly on acquiring meekness.

W stronę retoryki. O poszukiwaniu nowych sposobów opisu dziedzictwa biblijnego w języku polskim

Author(s): Stanisław Koziara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2018

This paper deals with the problems which arise during attempts at describing fixed units in the Polish language which originate from the Bible. The author pays attention to a highly heterogenous genetic status of these structures which are commonly regarded as units of biblical origins. In this text, the need for distinguishing between structures of primary biblical origins (for which the biblical text is the only source) and those for which the biblical text is only a means, or level of popularization, has been postulated. In the latter case, we deal with the units which acquired the status of outdated structures outside the biblical text. The author investigates in detail this latter category of Polish biblisms, pointing mainly to Hebrew and Greek rhetorical tradition as important sources of their origins. Among typical proofs of this tradition, the paper mentions such figures and rhetorical genres as: chiastic structure, hyperbole, antithesis, syncresis, merism, abstractum pro concreto and structures of the loci communes type. A follow-up to this paper is a proposal to introduce into the description of native biblical units a distinction between the source level and the popularisation level of such units. In the final part, the author points to other research options, which result from the reference to theoretical and practical achievements of rhetorical tradition in the context of describing local resources of conventionalised biblisms.

Recenzii

Author(s): Constantin Jinga,Marius Florescu,Daniel Lemeni,Cosmin Panţuru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 24/2018

The Book of Job as a Drama: Interpretation Possibilities

Author(s): Agata Szepe / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The article examines an interpretation possibility to read the structure of the Book of Job as a drama structure. It shows that some of the apparent paradoxes and contradictions in the text can be understood as an inner logic of a drama. The seeming incoherence of narrative Prolog and Job's later statements can be easily reconciled by following through the dramatic cause-effect sequences and seeing the events as happening in permanently changing present. The dramatic approach enables to see the meeting between God and Satan as an unsuccessfully attempt to make a bet. Deprived from omniscient narrator’s perspective, the drama shows various attitudes, without pointing directly which is the best one. Full of paradoxes and contradictory statements, the main hero’s style can be compared with a modern stream of consciousness. The culminating point of the drama shows a durable change in Jobs posture and leads to surprising changes on a metalinguistic level.

PREZENTĂRI BIBLIOGRAFICE

Author(s): Vasile Muntean,Sorin Cosma,Marius Florescu,Aquilina Birăescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2018

Храната и храненето в средновековните славянски пенитенциални текстове

Author(s): Desislava Naydenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2018

The article examines the evidence on food and nutrition found in the Slavic penitentials. Unlike the law texts in the Western historical tradition, the Slavic mediaeval law texts are poorly researched and (rarely) used as a source of information about the Bulgarian history and culture. The manuscript tradition of the Slavic penitentials (the volume of manuscripts, their frequency, editorial interventions) shows that for a long period of time (almost until the 18th century) they have remained among the main texts used by the priests during the sacraments of confession and repentance. Therefore, they can be a source of important information about the everyday life of the Bulgarians. An emphasis is put on the diet, the ban on certain foods, the role of food and nutrition in relation to the people following other traditions such as heretics, Jews, Armenians. It is argued that penitentials reflect a kind of duality. On the one hand, they may be regarded as attesting the everyday lifestyle – the Christian calendar, the observance of certain hygienic norms, while, on the other hand, they reflect, to the highest degree, the concepts of purity and impurity which are characteristic for the “primitive” cultures and the blurring of which might have led to supernatural punishment.

PROSLOV IVANOVA EVANÐELJA (IV 1,1-18). JEZIČNO-LITERARNO-KRITIČKA ANALIZA

Author(s): Marko Tomić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2003

The article represents both literary and critical analysis of the Prologue of the Gospel according to John (Jn 1,1 – 18). The beginning of the article quotes the original text of the Prologue, including various text versions from the most significant New Testament manuscripts and from the first Christian authors. The analysis follows the generally accepted opinion according to which this text is based on the Hymn to Wisdom or to Logos, interpreted in Christological manner at the end of the 1st century. The presented reconstruction of the text is based on the researches of various authors. Special attention was paid to the structure of the Prologue which discovers its wholeness, theological topics and the role of the Gospel according to John in general. The article also presents some ideas and solutions by different modern authors who have greatly contributed to the explanation of the Prologue - one of the most famous texts from the New Testament. The translations of the Prologue into Croatian, dating from the 19th century show that our translators were also aware of its hymnic and poetic character.

POVIJEST PREDAVANJA BIBLIJSKIH ZNANOSTI I ORIJENTALNIH JEZIKA

Author(s): Marko Tomić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1996

The aim of this article is to give a historical survey of lecturing and to present lecturers of biblical studies and oriental languages at the School of Theology in Djakovo since its foundation in 1806 to present days.

Entscheidung Für Christus und sein Wort (1938-1941): Analiza prvoga pentekostnog časopisa na njemačkom jeziku u Hrvatskoj

Author(s): Vatroslav Župančić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2012

This paper analyzes the Pentecostal journal Entscheidung in German language, which was published in Vinkovci from 1938 to 1941. The first part of the article elaborates the historical context in which the texts of the Entscheidung were written, and than also the history of the German national minority in the area of the former republic of Yugoslavia. A concise review of the Pentecostal movement in Croatia before the Second World War is also given in the article. In the second part of the article the journal is theologically analyzed and compared with the journal Put spasenja (The Path of Salvation), which was published by the Pentecostals in Croatian language.

Gniew bogów świata umarłych w wierzeniach starożytnego Bliskiego Wschodu

Author(s): Maciej Münnich / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2018

The various Semitic peoples of the Ancient Near East all embraced similar beliefs concerning the anger of the deities of the underworld. Above all, such an anger was viewed as lethal to both people and to other gods. In the surviving textual sources one can find word-images of the deities themselves, of their demonic helpers, and even of the dead under their orders to devour their victims (gods or people). The anger of the divine rulers of the underworld is not presented as irrevocable, but can be appeased by offering sacrifices and prayers, or by praising particular gods. Some elements of this imagery, though modified to align with a monotheistic background, can also be found in the Bible.

Steven D. Anderson – A.D. Riddle – Todd Bolen, Photo Companion to the Bible. The Gospels. I. Matthew. II. Mark. III. Luke. IV. John

Author(s): Adam Kubiś / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2018

Review: Steven D. Anderson – A.D. Riddle – Todd Bolen, Photo Companion to the Bible. The Gospels. I. Matthew. II. Mark. III. Luke. IV. John (www.BiblePlaces.com 2017). DVD & download. $299. ISBN 978-1-938324-24-6

Marina Paszuk, Białoruskie przekłady Pisma Świętego w latach 1926-2013. Studium historyczno-porównawcze

Author(s): Anna Kuśmirek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2018

Review: Marina Paszuk, Białoruskie przekłady Pisma Świętego w latach 1926-2013. Studium historyczno-porównawcze (Mińsk: Wydawnictwo „Pro Christo” 2017). Ss. 412. ISBN 978-985-7074-60-0.

Izbjeglištvo i migracija kao „znakovi vremena“. Izazov za Crkvu i Crkve Europe

Author(s): Hrvoje Žabić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1+2/2018

Kako izbjeglištvo i migracija mogu za Crkvu i Crkve postati školom vjere – i pored zaoštrenih rasprava? Pastoralno-teološki instrument analize „znakova vremena“ traži samokritičko sjećanje i obraćenje te otvara oči za biblijsku teologiju migracije i crkvena područja djelovanja danas.

Być Bożym "teraz"

Author(s): Sławomir Stasiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

O trzech edycjach Księgi Tobiasza z pierwszej połowy XVI wieku

Author(s): Anna Lenartowicz-Zagrodna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Despite numerous studies concerning ancient translations of the whole Bible or its individual books, we still do not have full knowledge of the relationships between them. One of the Biblical books which until now has not been elaborated is an anonymous translation of the Book of Tobit published three times in the first half of the 16th century (1539, 1540, 1545). The aim of this research is to show what can be learnt about the history of this monument with the help of a linguistic analysis. The collected linguistic facts serve as a basis for establishing the relationship between the three prints of Tobit, as well as for putting forward a few hypotheses regarding the editor of the second edition, the real order and number of prints and their manuscript base.

„Izraelici czynili to, co złe w oczach Pana” (Sdz 2,11). Teologiczne aspekty upadku w Księdze Sędziów

Author(s): Dariusz Dziadosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

The theme of the article is the Biblical concept of the ‘Fall’ elaborated by the Deuteronomic writers and theologians of Israel in the period of the Babylonian exile of the Jewish people (597-538 BC). The presentation of the theme is referred to the source material found in the Book of Judges, in which a theological vision of the ‘Fall’ is the main motif. The Deuteronomic editor of the Book of Judges presents the problem in question in the context of the difficult period of the history of his people, presenting a multi-layered conception of the fall of the human being, which is reflected in the religious, moral, social, and political aspects of the history of the Jewish people, as well as in the lives of particular Israelites. The paper comprises a synthetic review of the Biblical concepts related to the problems of the ‘Fall’ and reflects on the fundamental principle of Judaism, namely, the doctrine of Divine retribution. Against such theological background, selected parts of the source material, most representative of the theme in question, have been discussed.