We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The article is an analysis of the vocabulary for God of Book of Zechariah in tree translations: Jakub Wujek Bible, Millenium Bible and the Bible Paulińska. In the first part of text gives attention for importance of Book of Zechariah and Book of Zechariah’s genesis theories. It contains sections on how to name the Creator in the Book of Zechariah and his image: orator, angry, and then loved and merciful Lord and mighty Lord.
More...
In the religion of Jehovah's Witnesses, particular importance is attributed to eschatology, by means of which religious leaders interpret: the content of the Bible, as well as contemporary political and social events. Skillful use of words, as well as a selection of linguistic means allows religious hierarchs affect using the language on the structure of community and the behavior of its individual members. Although the organization does not already provide specific dates of the end of the world and uses only suggestions, applied to the twentieth century eschatological narrative determined the specificity of the language in Polish Watchtower publications and also specificity of speech used by members of the organization. The present article sketches eschatological dimension of language in Polish publications of Jehovah's Witnesses, in order to specify the meaning and the function that language plays in the life of a religious community.
More...
As Herbert shows us in his essays, the world is full of harmony. We can say that it is the harmonious system. But at his poetry there are an empty place only – left by music and songs and all things we can named „harmony‟. How is the role that empty places perform? The authoress is looking for „harmony‟ (or no-harmony) indeed. At first in Old and New Testament (I Sm 105), next – in many cases and ever since in antique (Homer), at last in the Middle Ages (from Gregorian Song until polyphonic). Put an end she investigated Słowacki`s poetry and his mystical theory, till contemporary culture „poetry of things‟. What for and why – it seems – more important in Herbert‟s poetry there are many various substitute of „harmony‟ we have. For example: noise, chaos (and it symbols: the drum). Now the people don't know what it is „harmony‟; what mean it as category. People have no time – also to listen somebody or something. Understanding it Herbert is building many kinds of parables which are a story about contemporary human life: we have „disharmony‟ but we cannot live without „harmony‟ at all!
More...
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The paper aims to determine in what manner official papal titles are an expression of supreme power in the Church. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The principal problem refers to the ecclesiological correlation between papal titles and primatial power, as well as the ongoing changes in the understanding of power within the Church, manifested by the departure from iurisdictio in favour of communio. Methods involve source text analysis (of the Holy Scripture and ecclesiastical documents), interpretation, and comparison. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: All names of the highest office in the Catholic Church are derived from the so called primatial texts which describe St Peter the Apostle and his mission. Together with the practice of the first centuries of Christianity, they have provided a basis for establishing the dogmatic truth about the primacy of St Peter and his successors. The primacy involves supreme jurisdictional power in the Universal Church. In this context, the author proceeds to analyse current papal titles which expose the scope and the multi-faceted nature of the power exercised by the Bishop of Rome. Furthermore, the author presents modifications in the official papal titles, which are simultaneously a reflection of ecclesiastical changes in the area. RESEARCH RESULTS: It has been established that some titles are an expression of real jurisdictional power (e.g. Bishop of Rome, Sovereign of the Vatican City State), while others carry historical and honorary importance (e.g. Primate of Italy) or manifest contemporary tendencies to highlight the religious character of the office (Servant of the Servants of God). CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: A departure from the secular understanding of power in favour of a religious and ministerial direction encourages further, praxeological research, as the primatial practice of individual pontificates (gestures and symbols) precedes the official primatial doctrine.
More...
In the Bishop’s archive in Senj there is a handwritten book of the income of the Senj Chapter from the 17th century. It is written in Glagolitic italic and Latin scripts. In the book can be followed the social and ecclesiastical conditions in this diocesan town at the time when the Senj-Modruš bishop lived in the free part of the Modruš diocese, and the Senj diocese belonged to one (Senj)parish which was governed by the Chapter. At the end of the same century, Senj as a diocesan centre would grow in importance because the bishop returned to it, and his jurisdiction would extend over the wider area which was liberated from the Turks.
More...
In this paper, I intend to present the way in which the Biblical stories and medieval legends are re-written in the episode of the Miraculous Ship in La Queste del Saint Graal, and to identify several characteristics of this vessel, considered ideal for the questers’ preparation for the ecstatic life in the presence of the Grail. The multi-layered symbolism of this miraculous self-moving ship is constantly enriched with new connotations, and from being a sacred place that offers the successful knights the opportunity to meditate on their spiritual life before reaching Sarras and the Holy Grail, it may also be regarded as a connector between the Old-Testament legends, Christian traditions and Arthurian lore. In addition, the focus of the story shifts from Arthurian adventures to the creation of a story of origin and Galahad is presented not only as the quintessential Arthurian knight, but also the rightful heir of mythical ancestors. More importantly, analysing the way in which some medieval texts are recycled in this fragment, the reader is astonished to find a very progressive re-writing of the well-known literary tradition, as it reveals a very appreciative portrayal of women’s agency and a tolerant attitude towards Jews (represented by Solomon). Both these aspects differ not only from the biblical perspective or dogmatic theories, but also from other 13th-century legends. Moreover, this inclusive approach to non-Christians is unique in the economy of La Queste.
More...
The secularization processes currently progressing in Poland, especially the ones affecting the youngest generation entering adulthood, should lead to questioning of the effectiveness of the traditional model of pastoral care concentrated on school-based religious education and their impact on sacramental practices. Based on an analysis of the General Directory for Catechesis and previous catechetical documents, the article will present the catechumenal model as the one that is intended to help lead the already baptized to mature faith. The study of the topic made it possible to formulate the conclusion that the re-baptismal (post-baptismal) catechumenate, taking into account the individual situation of an individual, is a formative process that lasts a lifetime, and the postulate for the urgent development of new models of introduction into Christianity based on the style and the dynamics of this institution.
More...
After World War II, the priorities of the Salesian Inspectorate of Cracow were: reincorporating the brothers living outside the structures of the Salesian Society into the order’s communities and launching didactic and educational institutions for boys and young men. Then, to compensate for properties left behind in the former eastern territories of Poland, the priority became the opening of new Salesian centres in the Recovered Territories. An important challenge for the province was assigning priests to new pastoral work, especially in Lower Silesia. The first school (which was also a pastoral and pilgrimage centre), was organized by the Salesians in Twardogóra in 1945. Some priests settled near vacant village churches in Wrocław Voivodeship, in time forming new communities of their order. In this way they established three parishes / monastic houses in Wrocław and three others, following the example of the first in Twardogóra): in Lubin, Środa Śląska and Sułów. Due to the liquidation of Catholic education by the communist state authorities, more priests were systematically assigned to work in general pastoral ministry. Thanks to the dedicated work of these post WWII Salesian pioneers, many damaged churches were rebuilt, abandoned Protestant churches were adapted to the needs of Catholic worship and a few new churches were built. After the collapse of communism in Poland, the Salesians in Lower Silesia resumed activities connected with their traditional Salesian vocation, namely the running of various types of schools and dormitories. The Salesian Society is continuing to grow in the described area, now known as the Inspectorate of Don Bosco, with its base in Wrocław.
More...
God, in his freedom and in his love for men, according to Saint Athanasius of Alexandria (298-373), decided to come to meet man created in his “image and likeness” (Gen. 1.26-27) in order to deify him. Man’s sin is an accident in human history which does not prevent God from carrying out his project of divinizing man. For this, it was necessary for God to become man, so that man could become God (Athanasius of Alexandria, De Incarnatione Verbi, nr. 54). No one can put limits on the freedom of God who, in Jesus Christ, became close to man, made one of us in everything, except sin (Heb 4:15). In this communication we will present the Christological titles of the Incarnate Word such as the Alexandrian Patriarch finds them argued in the Holy Scriptures and which reveal of both: his divinity and his humanity, for the salvation of man.
More...
Mary is generally viewed as an object of devotion, a model for education, religion, morality, the archetype of what femininity should be, a religious, social, and political paradigm, something that goes far beyond the mere limits of the feminine. Her motherhood is not only what is used to limit the feminine in the strict patriarchal order of societies; it shapes masculinity, as the dreamed mother of every boy — never forgetting that she is the mother of a boy and has no daughter — shaping his masculinity, as well as his global relations with the feminine.
More...
The first Christians were Jews, belonging to Jewish culture, which is an integral part of Semitic culture. The first Muslims belonged to Arab culture, also an integral part of Semitic culture. The introduction of a religion to a culture is known as inculturation. If the two Abrahamic faiths of Christianity and Islam are wholly equated with a single culture, they betray their essence, lose their universality, and cease to be universal religions open in essence to every culture.
More...
To było jedno z tych nieszkodliwych, lecz dłużących się niemiłosiernie kazań. Wyrosłam już wtedy z prób stwarzania pozorów pobożności – za częłam więc rozglądać się po małej góralskiej kaplicy, szukając bezczelnie jakichkolwiek druhów w niedoli. Zanim jednak trafiłam na jakieś rozumiejące oczy, wśród zebranych rozległ się szmer. Nadstawiłam więc uszu i w ostatniej chwili zdążyłam uchwycić słowa kaznodziei: „Teraz jako Kościół pomodlimy się za siebie nawzajem. Proszę, żeby najpierw uklęknęli księża i osoby życia konsekrowanego”.
More...
The oldest preserved Romanian text is the Hurmuzaki Psalter (ca. 1491-1504), a unilingual version extracted from a bilingual Psalter. The present research attempts to shed light on the issue of the origin and the context in which the Psalter was translated and disseminated at the beginning of Romanian vernacular writing. The main source of the translation and the model for the composition of the bilingual Psalter was a Church Slavonic commentated Psalter. Several data suggest that the Psalter was not translated in Romanian countries: the sources used for the translation are recorded predominantly in medieval Serbia and Mount Athos; some peculiarities of spelling, punctuation, and translation show that the text was composed or transmitted in a Greek environment; some linguistic peculiarities indicate that among the translators and copyists, there were undoubtedly Aromanians (Vlachs). As for the oldest copy, the Hurmuzaki Psalter, it was written on Mount Athos itself, most likely at the Zograf Monastery. All these data suggest that the translation may have been done in one of the monasteries of Mount Athos. The Psalter was translated into Romanian by decision of the Church, which wanted to create an auxiliary for the understanding of Slavonic liturgy by novices. This happened in the context of the flourishing of monasticism, when novices who did not speak Church Slavonic were arriving in the monastery. Among these novices were Aromanians, as the linguistic features of the manuscripts show, who came from a Greek-speaking area and therefore needed a tool for understanding the official language of the Church.
More...
Samuil Micu Klein was a prolific translator of the Holy Fatherʾs writings. His actions were motivated by several factors, including literary, scientific, and theological. Samuil Micu Klein wished to make the essential sources of patristic literature available to his contemporaries by preparing a coherent Philokalia. In this paper, we present Samuil Micu Klein's work as a translator and reproduce our interpretative transcription of a fragment from his translation of Saint Ephrem the Syrianʾs Homily: Cuvânt de preafrumosul Iosif.
More...
The rendering of the verse Ps. 104/103:4/5 from Hebrew into Greek and its quotation in the Epistle to the Hebrews arouses difficulties beyond the amplitude of a local translation issue. If the phrase has two main meanings in Hebrew, and apparently only one in Greek (the one that is less probable in the psalm’s context), this seems to signal out a deviation in translation, due to an “atomistic” and “transformative” rabbinic exegesis. The hermeneutic conception of the Epistle shown in the respective passage undermines the simplistic notions of a MT as the unique and perfect OT and of a LXX as the most faithful and exact translation of the Hebrew Vorlage. On the contrary, the late and successive revisions themselves are adopted as parts of the Old Testament heritage and can be quoted as coming from God. One practical consequence of this study is that the LXX can be used as a fully legitimate source for Psalter/OT translation (as the Eastern tradition requires), at least equally valid as the MT.
More...
Partendo dai dati della Sacra Scrittura e attraversando la storia della Chiesa, scopriamo le categorie importanti per la vita ecclesiale, dalle quali derivano anche gli indirizzi e modelli ecclesiologici. Uno di quelli è la comunione che deriva dal mistero fondamentale della fede cattolica: la SS. Trinità, che mediata agli uomini tramite l’incarnazione del Figlio, diventa per la Chiesa l’impegno centrale. Quell’impegno tiene insieme la partecipazione alla vita divina da una e l’edificazione dell’unità tra gli uomini dall’altra parte. Con questo articolo vorrei mostrare innanzitutto tre aspetti della comunione, cioè l’aspetto teologico, poi quell’ ecclesiologico e infine l’aspetto sacramentale. Tutti e tre hanno le radici nei testi della Sacra Scrittura e dalla Tradizione cattolica sono stati definiti la dimensione significativa per la vita ecclesiale e come tali sono stati riconosciuti anche dal concilio Vaticano II la base dell’ecclesiologia e del futuro della Chiesa. Provo a dimostrare che la comunione era ed è l’impego centrale per la Chiesa cattolica.
More...
The article examines the second edition of Baltramiejus Vilentas’s Euangelias bei Epistolas (VEE, 1579), which Lozorius Zengštokas published under a similar title in 1612 (ZEE, 1612). Both editions consist of Bible readings arranged throughout the liturgical year. The aim of the study was to identify the sources of the readings added by Zengštokas and to assess the strategy of textual appropriation. The steps towards this goal were the following: (1) an overview of Zengštokas’s activities; (2) an assessment of the reasons for the publication of ZEE; (3) identification of the readings added to Zengštokas’s edition; (4) identification of their sources by means of comparative analysis, and (5) an assessment of the strategy of text appropriation on the basis of the intertextuality method. Zengštokas prepared a second edition of Vilentas’s book for several reasons: (1) the first edition had run out of print; (2) Jonas Bretkūnas’s Postilla (BP, 1591) contained too few biblical readings, especially epistolary ones, and therefore could not fully replace Vilentas’s book; (3) there was a shortage of readings for Sundays that were interspersed between the feast days during some years.
More...
This article is the first part of a series of publications covering the basic prayers of the Christian denominations. The series will cover the Hail Mary (Ave Maria), the Apostles’ Creed (Credo or Symbolum Apostolicum), and the Lord’s Prayer (Paternoster). The aim of the articles is to collect all Lithuanian variants of these prayers translated before 1700, to compare their lexical and syntactic structure, and to show their dependences and connections. The first part of the series introduces the concepts and methodology; furthermore, it analyses the shortest and most rarely attested prayer Hail Mary. The authors avoid the traditional term poteriai ‘prayers’ because of its multiple meanings: the Lithuanian term poteriai may refer to all three prayers at once, or just to the Lord’s prayer, or even more – the Rosary and smaller prayers. Rather, ‘basic prayers’ are understood as the prayers that each Christian should learn by heart according to his denomination, usually in their own language. The Hail Mary was included in Luther’s earliest prayer books but was later abandoned by the Lutherans; it is no longer found in the earliest Lithuanian translations (i.e., those by Martynas Mažvydas and Baltramiejus Vilentas). Therefore, this comparison includes the corresponding verses in the Protestant translations of the Bible (Lk 1,28; 42). The comparison of the structure of the ‘Hail Mary’ shows a connection between Jurgis Kasakauskis’s Rožančius (Rosary) and the hand-written collection of prayers in the Samogitian dialect (although weaker than in the other prayers, which will be analysed in the following articles). It reveals that the formation of the canonical text came to an end with the publication of Pranciškus Šrubauskis’s prayer book. Since then, the textual structure hardly changed.
More...
Although our country has so far been bypassed by an aggressive phenomenon of migration, as has been happening for several decades in the West, nevertheless, in recent years, more and more emigrants from various countries with severe economic problems (Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, Syria, Afghanistan, etc.) emigrated or were brought under employment contracts, to work in different fields of activity: construction, delivery, sanitation and others. The lack of local labour force, the majority of which emigrated, in turn, to the countries of the European Union, contributed significantly. This phenomenon comes with a series of challenges related to xenophobia, discrimination, racism, exploitation, abuse or even violence, generated by differences in mentality, culture, national identity or religion. From the perspective of the Orthodox Christian faith, we must address these challenges, referring to the landmarks we find in the Holy Scriptures and in patristic literature, trying to find those bridges of communication that could solve these problems.
More...
