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The idea of incarnation as revisited by Jung, Gadamer and Henry

Author(s): Paweł Sznajder / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The idea of incarnation is one of the Christian theological concepts that has exerted the strongest influence on philosophical thought in Europe and which was repeatedly referred to in the twentieth century. The paper presents three reinterpretations of this biblical category. Carl Gustav Jung interprets incarnation in the spirit of Gnosticism, as a process of the psychological individuation of God and man; Hans‑Georg Gadamer employs the idea of the inner Word, Verbum interius, to analyse the dogmas of incarnation and the Trinity: seeking in them a solution to the mystery of language; while Michel Henry reaches for the Bible and theology to face anew the issue of human corporeality. These attempts to rethink the theological aspects of the Incarnation of the Son of God reveal the role of this notion in the development of modern psychology, the hermeneutic philosophy of language as well as in anthropology. At the same time, a philosophical reinterpretation of incarnation provides an impulse to rephrase the questions about the relationship between philosophy and theology, as well as faith and reason, good and evil, the relationship between God and man, the mind and the body, as well as speech and thinking. On the other hand, provisional answers to these questions may rekindle theological thought and contribute to the revival of reflection on issues such as the Holy Trinity, the Immaculate and Virgin Conception, or a privation theory of evil. The article provides a starting point for just such a multi‑faceted analysis.

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IOAN, DIN MILA LUI DUMNEZEU, ARHIEPISCOP AL TIMIȘOAREI ȘI MITROPOLIT AL BANATULUI

Author(s): Ioan Robu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4-6/2022

Pastoral by Ioan Robu, Archbishop of Timisoara and Metropolitan of Banat

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MIȘCĂRI GNOSTICE ANTICE, ERETICE, FOLOSITE PENTRU SCOPURI POSTMODERNE, IDEOLOGICE

Author(s): Teofan Mada / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7-9/2022

One problem in defining Gnosticism, whether ancient or modern, is its syncretic nature. As Jonas points out, “Gnostic systems encompassed everything - Eastern mythologies, astrological doctrines, Iranian theology, elements of the Jewish tradition, whether biblical, rabbinic, or occult, Christian salvation-eschatology, Platonic concepts and notions”. All Christian dogmas are the object of philosophical speculations, without any respect for Tradition: the Holy Trinity, the creation of the world, the original sin, the salvation of man, etc. In fact, Gnosticism is a mixture of Christianity with Eastern Greek, Persian, Egyptian, etc. philosophy and mythology. The common points of the various gnostic sects are summed up in the idea that above all stands God, a superior, absolutely transcendent being, who has no mix with matter. From God emanated a multitude of aeons, among which is the Christ aeon, and the last Aeon is the Demiurge, who created the world from a particle of power well-turned into matter. This Aeon created man, in which there was a struggle between spirit and matter. The salvation of man in the Gnostic vision is the work of Jesus, a simple man into whom, at the moment of Baptism, the man Christ descended, who saved us, teaching man how to free himself from matter. People are divided into three gnostic categories: the Pneumatics, in which spirit surpasses matter; Psychics, in which both elements are equal (Christians) and Helics, in which matter surpasses spirit (pagans). Only the Gnostics keep the secret teaching of knowledge to free themselves from matter, which is fundamentally evil.

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TEOLOGIA PASTORALELOR MITROPOLITULUI DR. NICOLAE CORNEANU (II)

Author(s): Dragoș Teodor Terentie / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7-9/2022

At the center of Metropolitan Nicolae Corneanu’s pastoral concerns is, as we expected, the Person, work and soteriological activity of our Savior Jesus Christ, true God and true Man. We may rightly ask what is God? Who is God? These are just a few questions that many Holy Fathers and church writers tried to answer, since the first Christian centuries, but our means of expression, words, are not enough, they are much too poor to define and/or explain the mystery of the mystery of God.

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PREZENTĂRI BIBLIOGRAFICE

Author(s): Sorin Cosma,Aquilina Birăescu,Constantin Cilibia / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7-9/2022

Review of: Protopop dr. Ioan Bude, Din infinitele valențe simbolice, cosmice, biblice și teologice ale Sfintei Cruci. Temeiurile cinstirii ei, Editurile Invierea și Eurobit, Timisoara, 2022, 113pp.; Arhimandrit Casian Rușeț - Colecția Muzeală Episcop Elie Miron Cristea al Episcopiei Caransebeșului, Editura Episcopiei Caransebeșului, 2020, 138 pp.; Prot. dr. Ioan Bude, Din infinitele valențe simbolice, cosmice, biblice și teologice ale Sfintei Cruci. Temeiurile cinstirii ei, Editurile Invierea și Eurobit, Timisoara, 2022, 113pp.; Preot dr. Constantin Cilibia, Protopopiatul Mehadiei – Corespondență (1865-1918), Editura Episcopiei Caransebeșului, 2022, 722 pp;

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TEOLOGIA PASTORALELOR MITROPOLITULUI DR. NICOLAE CORNEANU (III)

Author(s): Dragoș Teodor Terentie / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2022

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MEDITAȚII ÎN VREMEA VIJELIEI PANDEMICE (cf. Iov 38, 1)

Author(s): Daniil Densușianul / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 10-12/2022

The moment is our gift. Life is made up of a lot of time packs, full of eternity moments. Every moment should be received, lived, filled with sense and meaning, and lit by prayer. The Hesychast Orthodox Prayer fills to the fullest extent, warms, ignites and flames the golden Cup gem of every moment in our earthly and Christian life. Each moment has its infinite value, that is why a man, a Christian, a clergyman or a monk is bound to connect, bind and hang every moment of his life by faith, hope and love, humility, repentance and weeping, of God’s eternity, for eventually God’s eternity will call to judgment and judge the moments of our life, separating them as the shepherd breaks up the lambs from the goats.

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THE TRINITARIAN PROCESSIONS

Author(s): R. T. MULLINS / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

William Hasker and I have a friendly disagreement over the doctrine of the Trinity. We both reject classical theistic attributes like divine timelessness and divine simplicity. Instead, we affirm that God is temporal and unified. Further, we reject so-called Latin models of the Trinity, and prefer social models of the Trinity. Where we disagree is over the doctrine of the processions of the Trinitarian persons. In this essay, I articulate some problems for the doctrine of the processions.

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IN DEFENSE OF THE TRINITARIAN PROCESSIONS

Author(s): William Hasker / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The doctrine of the processions of the Son and the Holy Spirit from the Father, long an integral part of the trinitarian tradition, has recently been challenged by a number of philosophers and theologians, as is shown in the preceding article by Ryan Mullins. In this reply I speak briefly of the place of the doctrine in tradition. I then review biblical evidence supporting the doctrine, and provide a logical analysis which shows that the doctrine is coherent and has the resources to meet the challenges that have been raised against it.

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Święty Paweł Apostoł i prymat św. Piotra

Author(s): Janusz Królikowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Within the frames of theology of the Primacy of Saint Peter the testimony concerning this issue which Paul the Apostle provides through his attitude and teachings is generally disregarded. The question, however, is quite significant since it is clearly present in the New Testament. The point is, that through the profound study this issue should be included among the subjects concerning the original understanding of the primacy of Saint Peter and his status in the early Church. Certainly, Saint Paul still constitutes a decisive argument in the discussion concerning the primacy of Saint Peter and may serve as an example of its practical affirmation. This paper constitutes an attempt to draw the attention to this issue and to the need for certain supplementation in the theology of the primacy of Saint Peter.

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„Plastyczna interpretacja” w Biblii na przykładzie portretu Mojżesza z Pochwały Ojców (por. Syr 45,1-5) i wizji menory proroka Zachariasza (por. Za 4,1-14)

Author(s): Paweł Kasperowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The process of creating the content of biblical books and their interdependencies is the subject of many years of research and, using the method of historical and critical exegesis, which was born out of the Enlightenment historicism, it allows us to discover events that were the decisive criterion for the shape or location of a given text in the canon of biblical books. However, to use only the historical method would be a reductionism illuminating the Bible only in the historical context of the individual books, while breaking the unity of the Scriptures. The article includes two examples of a portrait of Moses in the Praise of the Fathers (Sir 45: 1-5) and a menorah from the fifth vision of the prophet Zechariah (Zechariah 4: 1-14) to show, in an interim way, how the biblical text has changed in the light of the history of the Chosen People but above all also influenced by the maturing of successive generations of inspired writers in the faith.

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Jézus-mintázatok a népmesékben. „Hogyne vóna hű szívű, mikor én vagyok a mögváltója!” (I)

Author(s): Péter Bálint / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2022

Folklorists remain indebted to this day for exploring the possible occurrences of Jesus-patterns in folktales: this is a gap that I aim to fill in this study. The storytellers of the Carpathian Basin were fond of creating parallels between the life and deeds of the fairy-tale hero and Jesus. The narration of the miraculous birth, the divine origin, the hidden childhood, the healing activity, the crucifixion, the underworld passage, and the resurrection as parabolic narratives are presented in plentiful variants. The similarities and differences show that in peasant communities Jesus was imagined as an ordinary man, a teacher, and a helper of the poor. The image of Jesus in the tale narratives sheds light on the mindset and vernacular language of local religious communities.

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Doina Cmeciu, Glosar englez-român de termeni și nume biblice. Semnificații în discursul literar

Author(s): Adrian Jicu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 48/2022

Review of: Doina Cmeciu, Glosar englez-român de termeni și nume biblice. Semnificații în discursul literar, Bacău, ROVIMED, 2022, 614 p.

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Ojcowie Kościoła w teologii anglikańskiej

Author(s): Sławomir Nowosad / Language(s): Polish Issue: 87/2023

It is in the context of tradition that the Church of England in her major ecclesiastical and theological figures has endeavoured to perceive the Protestant principle of sola Scriptura. Hence, the Fathers of the Church became the “bright stars” to guide Christ’s disciples towards a better understanding of the word of God and towards a more authentic Christian life. Both the Book of Common Prayer and the 39 Articles not infrequently refer to the Fathers to prove the Church of England’s continuity with the early Church. T. Cranmer, R. Hooker and J. Jewel were among those who, against Puritan criticisms, saw as essential the Anglican faithfulness to Church Fathers. J. Cosin, J. Taylor or G. Bull followed their methodology to defend, for example, the episcopal character of the English Church. A new impulse for a return to the Catholic antiquity within the Church of England came from the Tractarians who produced the Library of the Fathers and thus struggled to revive the Catholic faith of their Church, her sacramental and liturgical life. The present-day theologians like, for example, F.L. Cross, R. Williams, S. Coakley, C. Harrison or A. Louth have been those whose fresh efforts attested, though always cautiously, to the ongoing Anglican interests in Christian antiquity. The focus of the final part of the paper is on Bishop K. E. Kirk, the 20-century most prominent figure in Anglican moral theology, whose extensive study in the early Church allowed to demonstrate comprehensively Christian moral life as aimed at visio Dei.

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Święty Augustyn Kazanie 19 wygłoszone w Basilica Restituta w dniu munerum (CPL 284 – Sermo 19 habitus in Basilica Restituta die munerum)

Author(s): Łukasz Libowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 86/2023

Translation into Polish with commentary of St. Augustine's Sermon 19 preached in the restored Basilica on a day of the games.

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Beatitudes in Juvencus’ Epic Evangeliorum libri quattuor – Philologically Analyzed and Poetically Translated

Author(s): Viktor Wintner / Language(s): English Issue: 85/2023

Gaius Vettius Aquilinus Iuvencus is the author of the first biblical epic which is known as Evangeliorum libri quattuor. It retells the Gospel story in classical hexameter in order to adapt its form to the literary aesthetics of the 4th century pagan society. Through the analysis of his poetic version of the beatitudes, this study aims to uncover and appraise the basic principles of his periphrastic technique, whether they apply to the form or content of the Matthean original. It shows that the author constantly tries to vary its syntax with the intention to disturb its monotonous regularity. He also promotes the value of heavenly rewards promised to Christians, providing them with sympathetic epithets and embellishes the original with stylistic figures such as alliteration or contrast. As for the content, the most significant change is the occasional insertion of author’s comments, the purpose of which is to provide the Matthean text with additional theological information that he might find missing. The study concludes with our free translation of this passage into iambic heptameter or fourteener.

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Pharisaicus hydrops. Łk 14,2-4 w przepowiadaniu Piotra Chryzologa

Author(s): Mieczysław Celestyn Paczkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 85/2023

The biblical texts indubitably shaped the content of the sermons of Peter Chrysologus. He delivered sermons on the Gospel of St. Luke. The lecture on the healing of the man with dropsy (Luke 14:2-4) appears in Sermo 99 bis. The homily has a polemical resonance, but it concerns the situation described in the evangelic text. It is elaborated under a rhetorical and theological aspect. The bishop of Ravenna emphasized the symbolic and moral value of illness. The preacher used the appropriate means to arouse the desired response from the audience and to transmit the spiritual and moral teaching. The homily in question, like other speeches, abandoned rhetorical figures and realistic comparisons.

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REKONSTRUKCJA HISTORII WŁASNEJ NIEPŁODNOŚCI W PROCESIE PSYCHOTERAPII PO ZASTOSOWANIU BIBLIJNEJ NARRACJI BIOGRAFICZNEJ O ANNIE - MATCE SAMUELA

Author(s): Barbara Anna Krzemińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The aim of the work is to present the method of biblical narration as a tool used in individual psychotherapy of women struggling with infertility. During the research based on narration an analyse of a patient was made before and after applying the method of biblical narration in psychotherapeutic process. The researcher has made an attempt to answer the question of how Anne’s biblical narration alters the way of presenting one’s own infertility narration in biological, psychic, social and spiritual sphere, as well as what are side effects of those alterations in the scope of patient’s personal reconstruction of infertility history. Comparison of patient’s statement on personal history of infertility before and after applying biblical narration method proves that an individual reconstruction of this history has been made within the field of emotions, intentions, insight, thoughts and values.

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O indyferentyzmie religijnym - Kazanie skrzatuskie na „Trójcę Świętą 1850 r. ”

Author(s): Krzysztof Zadarko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2023

The article is a presentation of another text (draft) of the sermon from year 1850, taken from the collection of preaching manuscripts, which are stored in the archives of the parish and the sanctuary of Our Lady of Sorrows in Skrzatusz. The sermon, which is written in German, is intended for the celebration of the Holy Trinity (German: Dreifaltigkeit), it does not refer to the celebrated mystery of the dogma of the Triune God, bud deals with the apology of the truth of the Catholic Church, it is a response to religious indifferentism, which spread exceptionally strongly in the 19th century. It is also a thematic (catechism) sermon about the one, holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church, i.e. about the features of the Church contained in the Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed.

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STID: GEŠTALT PERSPEKTIVA

Author(s): Sandro Belić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2023

In this short paper the aim is to try to open window towards understanding of shame and his role in life. The idea is to point out the causes of shame, the distinction between haelthy and toxic shame and guilt trough perspective of the Gestalt approach. Several topics will be opened for reflection and perspectives about shame. The first is the distinction between shame and embarrassment. This topic itself requires separate work and deep immersion in understanding the difference. Furthermore, in this papaer, we will look at the origun of the feeling of shame through the prism of the psychosocial delevopment of man in childhood, the development of shame and make us aware of the difference between the healty and the toxic part of it. This paper also mentions the reasons that, within the framework of th action of shame, give person the feeling of worthlessness, failure and immaturity in the role of a human being. We will see how shame represents a person’s inner identity and how it forms relationships with the enviroment. The paper also touches on the relationship between shame and guilt and looks at their mutual connection. This is also a topic that calls for special research much deeper than was possible in this paper. At the end, we will see what are therapeutic ways to approach this topic and how to understand this condition.

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