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Živjeti krstjanski pod turskim gospodstvom. Osmansko Carstvo u djelima bosanskih franjevaca 18. stoljeća
4.50 €

Živjeti krstjanski pod turskim gospodstvom. Osmansko Carstvo u djelima bosanskih franjevaca 18. stoljeća

Author(s): Vjeran Kursar / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The eighteenth century was the golden age of Bosnian Franciscan chronicles.The most famous among them are the chronicles of the monastery of Fojnica, written by Fr. Nikola Lašvanin, the chronicle of the monastery of Kraljeva Sutjeska, written by Fr. Bono Benić, and the chronicle of the monastery of Kreševo, written by Fr. Marijan Bogdanović. Another work of historiographic character, “A Survey of Antiquities of the Bosnian Province”,penned by Fr. Filip Lastrić, should be added to the group as well. Possible reasons for the blossoming of the chronicle genre might be found in global trends, such as increased literacy, the emergence of the Catholic revival, that is, the post-Tridentine Church reform, and the process of confessionalisation, which necessitated affirming and protecting minority identity threatened by assimilation within a dramatic framework of war and its aftermath, turmoil and instability. The key bearers of the Catholic reform in Bosnia were the Franciscans, the only members of the Catholic Church who had official status and the right to work in areas under Ottoman rule.

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The Administrative Division of Bitolya (Monastir) Vilayet
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The Administrative Division of Bitolya (Monastir) Vilayet

Author(s): Voin Bojinov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article traces the formation of Bitolya (Monastir) Vilayet and the development of the administrative division of the province. Based on tracts of contemporaries, some archive materials and research works of modern historians, this short study describes the internal borders of the Vilayet and aims to propose another look over the complex Ottoman administrative structure.

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THERE IS A PEOPLE...

THERE IS A PEOPLE...

Author(s): Jelena Mirkov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Serbs, the best people, heavenly people, innocent lamb, democratic and patriotic people. Without concern to the circumstances, they stand behind their promises, and above all, behind the men who honestly defended their country, national heroes, as they call them. There are never enough epithets for this people who, unfortunately, is not an imaginary, but a real one, with a real country. But who are they at all, and does the world know of them?

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Vlna osmanského nostalgismu v současné Prištině
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Vlna osmanského nostalgismu v současné Prištině

Author(s): Martin Surovčák / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The chapter entitled The Wave of Ottoman Nostalgism in Modern Pristina, authored by Martin Surovčák, covers the oriental appearance of the Kosovan capital before World War II and the unsuccessful urban experiments of the 1950s that drastically changed its face. In recent times, one can ever more frequently encounter feelings of nostalgia towards the old Pristina and a longing to come at least a little closer to the atmosphere of days long past. This trend is visible, for example, in the restoration field. Also, in recent years several books of photographs and memoirs from old Pristina have been released.

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Öznenin Arada Bir Yerde Kayboluşu: Bilinmeyene Göç
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Öznenin Arada Bir Yerde Kayboluşu: Bilinmeyene Göç

Author(s): Ayse Kiran / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bu sunuda Türkçeye “çevreyer” olarak çevrilebilecek “paratopie” kavramından yola çıkılacaktır. Bilindiği gibi, Yunancadaki “para” öneki “yanında”, “-topik” soneki de Aristo geleneğinde “bilinen yer“ anlamını taşır. Bu bağlamda paratopik yazar, yer, uzam ve zaman, bilinen, yerleşik olanın yanında yer alan kişi, yer, uzam ve zaman olarak tanımlanabilir. Terim kuramsal bir genişlemeyle hem ait olanı hem olmayanı, hem çevrede hem çevre dışında olanı, ne içerde ne dışarda olanı olduğu kadar bir yerden bir yere gideni, yerini bulamayanı işaret eder (Maingueneau 2004: 86). Çevreyer ya da paratopi bir toplumsal gruba ait olmayanı “kimlik”, bir yere ait olmayanı uzam ve bir âna ait olmayanı da zaman kavramıyla ifade eder. Bu üç özelliğe bağlı olarak bir dördüncüsü kendiliğinden ortaya çıkmaktadır: Dile ilişkin paratopik konumlar ve yazınsal yaratı.

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İşgal Yıllarında İstanbul’dan Ankara’ya Aydın Göçü
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İşgal Yıllarında İstanbul’dan Ankara’ya Aydın Göçü

Author(s): Yaşar Şenler / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Şahısların hayatında olduğu gibi milletlerin hayatında da iniş çıkışlar, güç ve zor günler ve bunun tam karşısında mutlu ve sevinçli günler vardır. Tarih bunun sayısız örnekleriyle doludur.

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Zamanın Bedensel Dönüşümü: Osmanlı Gelecek Anlatılarında Posthümanist ve Transhümanist İzler
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Zamanın Bedensel Dönüşümü: Osmanlı Gelecek Anlatılarında Posthümanist ve Transhümanist İzler

Author(s): Seda Uyanık / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Modernitede tarihsel zaman anlayışı, döngüsel olmaktan çok doğrusal ve art zamanlı şekilde, düz bir çizgide ilerler. Bu çizginin sonu olan ölümü yaşamın uzantısı olarak gören anlayış, –hayatın sonluluğunu denetleyebilir olmasının insana verdiği güçle– yerini ölümü dışlayan, yaşam ile ölüm arasına keskin sınırlar çizen bir anlayışa bırakmıştır. Dolayısıyla insana ölümlülüğü hatırlatan bütün imgeler, insan eliyle toplumsal yaşam alanlarının dışına çıkarılmıştır. Bazı kutsal öğretilerde kendine yer bulan ölüm sonrası hayat ve cennet imgesi, toplum düzenini mükemmel dünya tasarımları içerisine sığdırmaya çalışan ve kendini Tanrısallaştıran insan tarafından dünyevileştirilmiştir. Jean Baudrillard’ın dediği gibi modern toplumlarda kapitalist düzen, ölüler ve yaşam arasındaki birliği parçalamakta böylelikle iktidarların var olabilmesi ve ileride tüm yaşamı sınırları içine alabilmesi için önce ölümü denetlemeye çalışmaktadır (Baudrillard xiii). Söz konusu eğilim de insanın parçası olduğu dünyevi iktidar uzamlarının yeniden üretilip güçlenmesine ve ölüme meydan okuyan insanı denetim altına almasına neden olmuştur. Bu dürtüyle hareket ederek doğasına, özüne yabancılaşan ve kendi kurduğu üretme-tüketme kültürünün öznesi hâline gelen insan, tüm kutsiyetlerinden sıyrılmış olur. Bahsedilen eğilimin teolojik bağlamdaki dönüşümü ise dikkate değerdir.

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Yerelde Eşitlik Mücadelesi: Muhtar Kadınlar
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Yerelde Eşitlik Mücadelesi: Muhtar Kadınlar

Author(s): Hilal Dokuzcan / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

The Mukhtar institution entered our lives from the beginning of the 19th century and made a great contribution to the formation of local dynamics as the smallest management unit. As a unique model, it also has a different value. The election and nomination processes of the muhtar and their administrations create an important opportunity for participation and representation, starting from the local point of view for voters. Its proximity to the public, its availability, intervention to local problems and the provision of solutions are very important for local dynamics. There is the possibility of solidarity and sharing. All these features have a great potential for change and development in terms of women's representation and participation. Despite this potential, women are represented very little or even negligibly in the mukhtars. As of 2021, there are 50.284 mukhtars in our country, including villages and neighborhoods. Only 1.101 of these mukhtars are women. Although the rate of women mukhtars, which was 1.3% in the 2014 elections, increased to 2.1% in 2019, it points to a serious representation problem. It is a situation that deserves to be examined in terms of many areas in itself, because women who make up half of the society have so little place in a structure that is so close and within their lives. This can also provide a basis for the need to create different sensitivities, models and awareness in terms of democracy and equality.The main purpose of the study is to trace how the mukhtar model can be an exemplary model on the road to ensuring equality between men and women in the developing world of the 21st century. This study will also be examined in terms of local dynamics, with the participation of women and representation in an mukhtar scale from an egalitarian perspective. Experiences of women mukhtars during their candidate and election processes, their studies, their organization styles will be conveyed through one-to-one interviews. Service examples of women mukhtars after they are selected will be included in the study.

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Književnost bošnjaka za vrijeme osmanlijske vladavine u Isakovićevoj drami Hasanaginica
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Književnost bošnjaka za vrijeme osmanlijske vladavine u Isakovićevoj drami Hasanaginica

Author(s): Amira Dervišević / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Inspired by the Bosniak oral ballad, Alija Isaković published the play Hasanaginica in 1981. In an effort to approach the “realities of life, morals and the language of the ballad”, Isaković included examples of Bosniak oral and written literature created during the four centuries of the Ottoman rule in Bosnia in the text of the play. The aims of the paper are to isolate examples of oral lyrics and epic, the frontier-soldiers’ letters and Aljamiado literature, analyze them and establish the functions they have in the dramatic text.

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ZNAČAJ ISTRAŽIVANJA BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA ZA HISTORIOGRAFIJU JUGOISTOČNE EVROPE

ZNAČAJ ISTRAŽIVANJA BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA ZA HISTORIOGRAFIJU JUGOISTOČNE EVROPE

Author(s): Aladin Husić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Dieses Referat wollte auf den allgemeinen Kontext, die Bedeutung Branislav Đurđevs in der Geschichtswissenschaft und seinen Beitrag zu ihr hinweisen, vor allem im Vergleich zum Entwicklungsgrad der Geschichtsschreibung der osmanischen Periode zu dem Zeitpunkt, als Đurđev sich wissenschaftlich zum ersten Mal zu Wort meldete. Er war unter den ersten aus dem jugoslawischen Raum, der überhaupt damit anfing, in den osmanischen Archiven zu forschen; er hat ebenfalls Verdienste für die Bestimmung der Richtlinien für die Erforschung dieser Periode. Indem er zahlreiche Quellen entdeckte, ermöglichte er die Erforschung des weiteren jugoslawischen Raums und trug zur Schaffung von Voraussetzungen für die weitere Entwicklung der Historiographie in diesem Raum bei. Auf eine ähnliche Art und Weise bewährte er sich in seinem weiteren Schaffen, sowie im institutionellen und personalen Ausbau der Historiographie in Bezug auf den osmanischen Zeitraum.

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DOPRINOS BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA IZDAVAČKOJ DJELATNOSTI ORIJENTALNOG INSTITUTA U SARAJEVU

DOPRINOS BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA IZDAVAČKOJ DJELATNOSTI ORIJENTALNOG INSTITUTA U SARAJEVU

Author(s): Lejla Gazić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Neben den Verdiensten, die Akademiemitglied Branislav Đurđev für den Beginn der Tätigket des Orientalischen Instituts als selbständiger wissenschaftlicher Institution hatte, sowie seinen Verdiensten als fünfzehnjähriger Direktor des Instituts, hat er auch als Redakteur und aktiver Mitarbeiter der Editionen des Instituts einen unbestritten wertvollen Beitrag zu seiner Verlagstätigkeit geleistet. Als Chefredaktuer der ersten Ausgabe der Priloga za orijentalnu filologiju i istoriju jugoslovenskih naroda pod turskom vladavinom (Beiträge zur orientalischen Philologie und zur Geschichte der südslawischen Völker unter türkischer Herrschaft), die unmittelbar nach der Gründung des Instituts ins Leben gerufen wurden, sowie als Mitglied der Redaktion bis zur Ausgabe X-XI, hat Branislav Đurđev den Inhalt der Zeitschrift und jede einzelne Ausgabe aktiv mitgeprägt. Außerdem hat er auch selbständig die Arbeiten veröffentlicht, unter denen vor allem die dreiteilige Arbeit unter dem Titel “Defteri za crnogorski sandžak iz vremena Skender-bega Crnojevića” (Die Defters für den montenegrinischen Sandschak aus der Zeit des Skender-Beg Crnojević). Einen wertvollen Beitrag zur inhaltlichen Gestaltung der Zeitschrift des Instituts leistete Branislav Đurđev durch die Arbeiten, die sich mit der Frage des Kanons – der sultanischen Gesetze und Kanun-Name als kodifizierter Sammlungen der gesetzlichen Vorschriften aus dem Bereich der öffentlichen und administrativen Gesetzgebung beschäftigen. In diesem Sinne hat er auch bei der Begründung der Edition Monumenta Turcica Historiam Slavorum Meridionalium Illustrantia mitgewirkt, deren erstes Buch in der Reihe Zakonski spomenici (Gesetz-Denkmäler) gerade dieser Art von Dokumenten gewidmet war. Als Redaktionsmitglied wie auch als Übersetzer mehrerer Kanun-Name, hat Đurđev einen wertvollen Beitrag zur kritischen Eidtion und Übersetzung dieser Art von historischen Dokumenten geleistet. Seine langjährige Erfahrung auf dem Gebiet der os manischen Dokumente war von großem Nutzen für die Vorbereitung und Herausgabe der Katastervorschriften – der Defters, so dass er auch einer der Herausgeber des Buchs Krajište Isa-bega Ishakovića. Zbirni katastarski popis iz 1455.godine von Hazim Šabanović war, welches 1964 in derselben, Defteri genannten Reihe des Orientalischen Instituts, erschienen war. Am Ende sollten auch die Besprechungen, die Đurđev in den Beiträgen zur orientalischen Philologie veröffentlicht hat, nicht vergessen werden, da es sich nicht nur um informative sondern auch um kritische Rezensionen der Werke und Arbeiten handelt, die auf osmanischen Quellen beruhen.

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PITANJE OSMANSKE VLASTI U CRNOJ GORI, RAZVOJ JUGOSLOVENSKE OSMANISTIKE I BRANISLAV ĐURĐEV

PITANJE OSMANSKE VLASTI U CRNOJ GORI, RAZVOJ JUGOSLOVENSKE OSMANISTIKE I BRANISLAV ĐURĐEV

Author(s): Nenad Filipović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Doktorarbeit Branislav Đurđevs über den Charakter der osmanischen Herrschaft in Montenegro, die in SAN (Serbische Akademie der Wissenschaften) 1952 verteidigt und in Sarajevo 1953 veröffentlicht wurde. Es wurde festgestellt, dass dieses Werk einen spekulativen Versuch auf Basis der zuverlässigen Forschungen von Ilarion Ruvarc und Jovana N. Tomić darstellt. Das, was in der Dissertation und im Buch wertvoll ist, wurde schon, und zwar besser, von Ruvarc, Tomić und anderen Autoren gesagt, und Đurđevs origineller Beitrag darin kann er der Kritik nicht standhalten. Es wurde ebenfalls festgestellt, dass Đurđevs Herangehensweise an das Problem der Wallachen auf dem Balkan einen großen Rückschritt im Vergleich zu dem, was unsere Wissenschaft bis 1945 geleistet hatte, darstellte. Đurđev, mit dem marxistischen Vokabular geschmückt, hat mit seiner Festlegung der Wallachen auf den kleinen Buchstaben “w”, bzw. mit seiner Feststellung, dass der Name und die Einrichtungen der Wallachen die gesellschaftliche Ordnung und nicht die ethnische Zugehörigkeit bezeichnete, große Zugeständnisse gegenüber dem serbischen Nationalismus gemacht hat, womit er dem Erbe der kritischen Historiographie sowohl in der serbischen als auch in der jugoslawischen Kultur einen Schaden zugefügt hat. Eine solche ideologisierte historiographische Herangehensweise Đurđevs nannten wir hier Nationalmarxismus. Es wurden auch der Charakter und die Herkunft des öffentlichen Wirkens Đurđevs in der Historiographie und in der Osmanistik Jugoslawiens analysiert. Es wurde festgestellt, dass er die Neigung hatte, in der Wissenschaft politische Urteile zu fällen und anderen seine Standpunkte aufzuzwingen, ohne bei der Auswahl der Mittel dazu besonders wählerisch zu sein. Es wurde in diesem Sinne auf seine brutalen ideologischen und ad-hominem-Angriffe auf Branislav M. Nedeljković, Hazim Šabanović und Dušanka Bojanić hingewiesen. Was die Fragen des Charakters der osmanischen Herrschaft in Montenegro und der Rolle der Wallachen in der Geschichte des osmanischen Balkans angeht, wurde diese Problematik, vom Irrweg, auf die sie Đurđev gebracht hat, durch Dušanka Bojanić mit ernsthafter Arbeit mit erstrangigen historischen Quellen auf den Weg der historischen Wahrheit zurückgeholt; durch eine Persönlichkeit also, die Gegenstand des sicherlich brutalsten Versuchs Đurđevs war, eine Andersdenkende und ernsthafte wissenschaftliche Konkurrentin durch Pamphlete zu beseitigen.

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ZNAČAJ BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA ZA IZUČAVANJE HISTORIJE CRNE GORE

ZNAČAJ BRANISLAVA ĐURĐEVA ZA IZUČAVANJE HISTORIJE CRNE GORE

Author(s): Adnan Pepić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Die montenegrinische Geschichtsschreibung hatte in Branislav Đurđev einen äußerst fleißigen Wissenschaftler, der ihr unschätzbare Werke geschenkt hat. Die bedeutendste Phase seiner Arbeitsperiode verbrachte Branislav Đurđev in Sarajevo. Aber seine historischen Interessen sind zu einem großen Teil an die Geschichte Montenegros gebunden. Obwohl er einer der wenigen war, die sich für die osmanische Herrschaft in Montenegro interressierte, werden seine Werke auch heute noch herangezogen, so dass ihre Verwendung von großer Wichtigkeit ist. Sein Interesse an der Geschichte Montenegros entwickelte sich während seines Studienaufenthaltes in Istanbul, wo er zwei Defter aus der Zeit von Skender-Beg Crnojević gefunden hat. Mit seiner Dissertation “Wie war die türkische Herrschaft in Montenegro im XVI und XVII Jahrundert?” gelang es ihm, die osmanische Herrschaft in einem Gebiet, das nach Meinung der montenegrinischen aber auch anderer wissenschaftlicher Kreise von den Osmanen unbahängig war, zu beleuchten. Seine wissenschaftichen Interessen halten auch der Erfroschung der montenegrinischen Familiengruppen. In diesen Werken benuttzte er in erster Linie die osmanischen Archivquellen. Neben der erwähnten Dissertation veröffentlichte er in Zusammenarbeit mit Lamija Hadžiosmanović auch zwei Defters. Die Dissertation und die Defters aus der Zeit von SkenderBeg Crnojević wurden in Sarajevo veröffentlicht, während in Podgorica ein Werk mit früher veröffentlichten Arbeiten aus Zeitschriften gedruckt wurde. Das Werk trägt den Titel “Postanak i razvitak brdskih, crnogorskih i hercegovačkih plemena” (Die Entstehung und Entwicklung der montengrinischen und herzegowinischen Bergfamilien”) Die Beschäftigung mit der Geschichte Montenegros aus der Zeit, als es ein Bestandteil des osmanischen Staates war, ist unmöglich ohne die Arbeiten Branislav Đurđevs.

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BILJNI I STOČNI FOND U VREME TURSKE VLADAVINE

BILJNI I STOČNI FOND U VREME TURSKE VLADAVINE

Author(s): Olga Zirojević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Indem sie aus fiskalischen Gründen, die Bevölkerung und ihre fiskalischen Verpflichtungen aufzeichneten, unterrichten uns die offizielen türkischen (genauer: die osmanischen) Aktenbände (die sog. Defters) auch recht zuverlässig über die Pflanzen- und Tierarten, die im balkanischen Raum in den langen Jahrhunderten der türkischen Herrschaft gezüchtet wurden. Neben den landwirtschaftlichen Kulturen, die uns die neuen Herren TürkenOsmanen gebracht haben, kommen noch aus Übersee-Ländern auch andere, neue hinzu: der Mais und Paprika, der Kürbis, die Bohne, die Kartoffel, und viel später auch die Tomate. Neben den vorgefundenen Getreiden: dem Weizen und der Gerste, der Rispenhirse, dem Roggen, dem Saat-Hafer, der Mohrenhirse, der Spelta, dem Dinkel, wird noch der echte Buchweizen, weiterhin der Reis, und später auch der Mais angebaut. Die bedeutendste Pflanzenkultur, die die Türken auf den Balkan mitbrachten, war ohne Zweifel der Reis. Unter den neuen Arten aus Amerika nimmt das neue Getreide Mais eine besonderen Platz ein. Nach vielen Namen, die er auf dem Balkan trägt, zu urteilen, ist er hierher von verschiedenen Seiten und zu verschiedenen Zeiten gekommen. Von den Gemüsekulturen, wurden wie zu früheren Zeiten am meisten der Gemüsekohl, der Knoblauch und die Zwiebel, seltener der Lauch, angebaut, weiterhin die Hülsenfrüchtler, insbesondere die Linse, die Saubohne (tur. bakla), die Bohne, grah (gerade unter diesem Namen) weiterhin eine Erbsenart (grahorica, grahorina, grahor), die türkisch Burčak heißt, des Weiteren die Rübe, der Spinat, šalgam (süße Rübe), die Gurke, die Aubergine. Auch der neuangekommene Paprika hat mehrere Namen: itburnu, yešil biber, frenk biberi. Mit der deutschen Kolonisierung im Banat (im XVIII Jahrhundert) kommen noch die Petersilie und die Kartoffel (krompir von dt. Grundbirne , neben zahlreichen anderen Namen) hiunzu. Da sind schließlich auch die schon früher angebauten industriell hergestellten Pflanzen wie das Leinen und der Hanf, neben der neu hinzugekommenen Baumwolle. Neu sind auch die Gewürzpflanzen, der Sesam und der Safran. Auch die Obstressourcen werden durch die Türken bereichert, weil neben der Weinbeere, nun auch der Kirsche, der Äpfel, der Birnen, der Walnus und Kastanie, der Pflaume, der Sauerkirsche, der Speierlinge und der Erdbeere, auch neue Arten hinzukommen: die Mispel, die Aprikose, die turundža (eine Art sauere Orange), wie auch die neuen Arten der schon vorfindlichen Obstgattung, neben der schon Honig- nun auch die Wassermelonen (unter dem gemeinsamen Namen bostan). Was die Viehressourcen angeht, wurden auch weiterhin am meisten Schafe und Schweine (bzw. das Kleinvieh) gezüchtet, während wir über das Großvieh – Pferde, Rinder, Büffel, wie auch über das Geflügel: das Huhn, die Gans, die Ente, und das Truthuhn (auch diese letzteren stammen aus der Neuen Welt, und tragen neben den türkisch- bzw. persischstämmigen Namen auch einheimische Bezeichnungen: tuka, biba, morka, misirka) – nur indirekte Zeugnisse haben. Auch die Bienenzucht war in der türkischen Zeit ein sehr entwickelter Wirtschaftszweig. Zu diesen Ressourcen zählt schließlich auch der Fisch, der intensiv konsumiert wurde, wie auch das Wild, das in den Reisetagebüchern der Europäer, die durch das Reich der Osmanen reisen, erwähnt werden.

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BOSNA POD OSMANSKOM VLAŠĆU U RELACIJI SA ZAVNOBIH-OM

BOSNA POD OSMANSKOM VLAŠĆU U RELACIJI SA ZAVNOBIH-OM

Author(s): Ahmed S. Aličić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U svom radu autor govori o prirodi historije Bosne i Hercegovine ukazujući na njenu trajnu državnu i političku samostalnost i multilateralnu prirodu njenog sveukupnog života. Autor posebno ukazuje na iskrivljenost i netačnost onih pogleda na historiju Bosne koji bosansku historiju i samu Bosnu dovode u državnopravnu ovisnost o drugim, posebno okolnim državama.

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Osmanlı Saray Dokumalarında Kullanılan Doğal Boyalar ve Özellikleri

Osmanlı Saray Dokumalarında Kullanılan Doğal Boyalar ve Özellikleri

Author(s): Emine Torgan Güzel / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Since ancient times, man has been in search of materials to decorate himself and his environment, and coloring materials have always attracted his attention. Mankind first obtained these materials from soil minerals and then used organic dyes obtained from natural products such as plants, animals, mushrooms, etc. As soon as their skills in weaving developed, they developed natural dyes and dyeing techniques. While they used to obtain monochromatic products at first, they later succeeded in using more than one color on a product in harmony. It is known that most dresses and fabrics, from caftans to plain fabrics, from dresses to baizes, which represent splendor and power in Ottoman palace fabrics, were colored using natural dyes. The dyes used by the Ottomans and the dyeing industry were passed from father to son, and continuity was ensured. Even today, the majority of the colors in the Ottoman palace weavings, which are in the museum collections and have great importance, still preserve their vitality. When it comes to natural dyes in Ottoman palace weavings, the first thing that comes to mind was the natural dye sources of animal origin, and these dyes were obtained from animals of female insect origin. The color obtained from insect-sourced dyes is almost the same as each other and formed the ground color, especially in the sultan's and prince's caftans. In addition to dyes of animal origin, Ottoman dyers also used vegetable dyes from which they obtained various colors. Sometimes by combining both vegetable and animal dye sources, they achieved various colors and hues. Here, the effect of Anatolia's rich plant diversity is quite high. In this research, after the natural dyeing process from the past to the Ottomans is briefly discussed, introduction about to Ottoman dyeing and dyeing industry was given. Then, the main plant and animal natural dyes that color the Ottoman palace weavings, their properties, and the agent dyestuffs they contain are examined.

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Genel Hatlarıyla Osmanlı Para Vakıfları

Genel Hatlarıyla Osmanlı Para Vakıfları

Author(s): Muhammed Emin Durmuş / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Before the cash waqfs, the first examples of which were encountered in the Ottoman geography in the 15th century, there was no institutional structure to meet the financing needs of the people in Islamic societies. When people were stuck for cash, they tried to meet their needs with qard el-hasan, and if they couldn't find it, they tried to meet their needs with bey bi'l-vefa. However, since owning real estate was necessary to do this, not all segments of society could benefit from this method. With the establishment of cash waqfs, these institutions also fulfilled the function of a kind of financing mechanism for all segments of society. However, here comes the question of how cash waqfs manage their capital as financial institutions in a society where interest is prohibited. If we answer this question concerning the accounting records of cash waqfs, it is possible to say that they operate with the methods of muamele-I şer’iyye, istiğlâl and ferâğ bi'l-istiğlâl. Although it is mentioned in some vaqfiyyes that the waqf's capital should be operated by methods such as mudaraba or bidaa, it is understood that these methods were never used by the trustees. Because these methods were more risky and long-term than the others, they were unsuitable for meeting the waqf's needs and fulfilling their services. In addition, it is the case that cash waqfs finance small-scale production as well as consumption. As a result, it is possible to say that cash foundations are important in Islamic societies because they provide an institutional basis for the financing needs of people.

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Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Klasik Çağında Askeri İsyanlar

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Klasik Çağında Askeri İsyanlar

Author(s): Şehmus Canpolat / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In the history of the Ottoman Empire, the term Classical Age is generally used for the period before the declaration of the 1839 Tanzimat Ferman. Undoubtedly, at the beginning of the biggest events faced by the Ottoman Empire in its 623-year historical adventure, which left a great mark on the world history, are the rebellions it experienced. Revolt literally means a revolt against the current administration in our dictionaries, but what kind of military rebellions took place in the Ottoman Empire, one of the largest states the world has ever seen. Were the reasons behind the riots purely political? What was the attitude of the people in the face of these rebellions? Some riots were so effective that they could not bring the people out of the streets and open their shops, which paralyzed daily life. These revolts led to the lives of which sultans. What did the people and the state do? Where were the Janissaries, the first regular army that European history had ever seen, in these rebellions?

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Klasik Osmanlı Türkçesine Ait Bir Tıp Kitabı: “Ùıbb-ı KimyÀ´í”

Klasik Osmanlı Türkçesine Ait Bir Tıp Kitabı: “Ùıbb-ı KimyÀ´í”

Author(s): Hacı Veli Bişkin / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Since the existence of humanity, medicine has been a scientific field that has maintained its importance in human life up to the present day. Wherever humans exist, diseases have also become inevitable, and every nation's people have applied the methods that they or their predecessors used to treat and prevent diseases, either by passing them down orally or by reading and implementing written works. At this point, the science of medicine has also been of great importance for Turks and has become a scientific field. Ultimately, they have developed their unique treatment methods in the geographies where they appeared on the historical stage - in the Göktürks, Uyghurs, Seljuks, and Ottoman periods - over centuries. In doing so, they have contributed with many plants, medicines, tools, and disease names. Historical texts are an important bridge from the past to the future for nations, and these works must be examined. Medical texts are also among these historical texts, and they must be examined as well. Because the data obtained from them will also contribute to the culture and literary history of that nation. When we look at the Turkish approach to medical texts, a process that began with the Uyghurs continued with the creation of many works in Anatolia. The work named Tibb-i Kimya´i written by Omer b. Sinan el-Izniki is also one of these sources. The work, which dates back to the 18th century, was written in Classical Ottoman Turkish. In terms of medicine during this period, it was the era when Western medicine and therefore medical terminology began to enter through Arabic and Persian. In the study, while information about the author of the work is given, its content and the author's other works are also evaluated. With the study, another historical medical text from the eighteenth century was introduced, and it aimed to provide a source for scientists and researchers with a work from the Classical Ottoman Turkish period. A comprehensive study to be conducted on the work in the future can reveal its contribution, particularly in terms of plant disease and medicine names, as well as language evaluations.

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Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt’t- Tıbb’da Kanser ve Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Tedavi Yolları ile İlgili Öneriler

Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt’t- Tıbb’da Kanser ve Bitkisel ve Hayvansal Tedavi Yolları ile İlgili Öneriler

Author(s): Nevzat Topal / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In this study, the cancer disease mentioned in Kitab-ı Tercüme-i Tezkire-i Dâvûd Fî İlmüt't-Tıbb (KTDT) and the recommended treatment methods for the cure of this disease are included. This work is the translation of Dâvûd-ı Antakî's famous medical book into 17th century Turkish. However, the translation includes only the third part of Antakî's translation of his work Teẕkiretü Uli'l-Elbāb ve'l-Cāmiü li'l-Acebi'l-Ucāb, whose meaning is notes to the wise, a compilation of unknowns and oddities. In the third part of the work, drugs, foods, animal products, minerals to be used for treatment are given and explained in Arabic alphabet order. In the work, drugs, their properties, their equivalents to be used in their place, the mixtures to be made from them and their usage patterns, warnings and precautions about the relevant drugs are introduced. In this respect, the work shows an intense quality of pharmacy as well as medicine. However, like all medical texts, it is seen that the work also includes subjects other than medicine and these are discussed. In the scan made in the relevant text, it was noticed that there were also data on cancer, which is one of the important health problems of today. It has been thought that the explanation and description of the treatments related to this should be considered as it is thought that it will contribute to the history of Turkish medicine, especially the history of world medicine. The data obtained need to be evaluated separately by physicians, chemists, biologists and pharmacists from the field of medicine. Therefore, the cancer treatments that will be given here are by no means intended to be a treatment recommendation. It has been tried to describe cancer-related suggestions from the knowledge of a physician who lived and wrote his work in the Ottoman borders only in the 16th century. Of course, it is hoped that the data of the study will contribute to positive sciences by examining whether it will contribute to the treatment of a disease that is feared and deadly for today by those who deal with medical science in the future.

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