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Dziesięciolecie Polski odrodzonej w publikacjach książkowych – analiza edytorska na wybranych przykładach

Author(s): Joanna Kułakowska-Lis / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The aim of the paper was to analyse publications (compact editions) published on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Poland's regaining independence in 1928 and 1929. The source of information on over 100 publications of this nature was Wykaz Druków wydawanych w Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej druków polskich lub Polski dotyczących wydawanych za granicą (List of Printed Works Published in the Republic of Poland and Polish Printed Works or Printed Works of Poland Concerning those Published Abroad), which had been published since 1928. The books analysed were grouped according to their subject matter: historical studies, publications devoted to Józef Piłsudski, poems and songs, publications on economic issues, etc. Selected issues were subject to detailed editorial analysis: Dziesięciolecie Polski Odrodzonej Księga Pamiątkowa (The Tenth Anniversary of Poland Reborn. Memorial Book), Złota księga Polski (The Golden Book of Poland) and Przemysł i handel (Industry and Trade), discussing issues related to the editorial concept, graphic design, layout and selection of illustrations, as well as the purpose of publication.

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Między wrogami i sprzymierzeńcami. Opowieść poleskiego Żyda o latach 1939–1944

Author(s): Grzegorz Berendt / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Before the war, Eleazar Segal lived in the town of Hancewicze in western Polesie (today the Brest Oblast in Belarus). He was involved in the timber trade. AfterJune 22, 1941, he escaped with his wife to the town of Lachowicze. When in 1942the Germans murdered most of the ghetto prisoners, the Segal family fled to theforest. For the next two years, they fought for survival, with the help of Soviet partisans and then the NKGB diversionary group. Segal documents the activities of theSoviet partisans and their diverse attitudes towards Jews.

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Dodatek graniczny i dodatki służbowe do uposażenia żołnierzy Korpusu Ochrony Pogranicza (1924–1939)

Author(s): Artur Ochał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The Border Protection Corps (KOP) (1924–1939) was a special military formation to protect the eastern border of the Second Polish Republic. In terms of service and in terms of budget, KOP was subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior. In terms of wages, KOP soldiers were subject to the provisions of the Act on the remuneration of state officials and the army. Due to the specific nature of the service and to immunize the KOP soldiers against bribery by smugglers and Soviet agents, they were entitled to border allowances. The article discusses the principles of assigning service and functional allowances.

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Przysposobienie wojskowe podległe 23 Górnośląskiej Dywizji Piechoty u schyłku lat trzydziestych XX w. Organizacja i zasady działania

Author(s): Kamil Kołodziej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

Military training (PW) is preparation of the pre-conscription population for military service, education of young people in the spirit of patriotism and civic responsibility. The research conducted so far has focused on national issues, highlighting the shortcomings of regional research in this matter. This article discuss the structure of the PW subordinate to 23 Infantry Division, its tasks and objectives, focusing largely on the area of the autonomous Silesian Voivodeship in the years 1937–1939.

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Bombardowania powietrzne w okresie II wojny światowej w świetle prawa międzynarodowego: problem ataku na Wieluń 1 września 1939 roku

Author(s): Mateusz Piątkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2021

Air bombings committed during World War II are still the subject of livelypolitical and historical discussions. The scale of damage done by the air force inthis conflict raises questions about the importance of international law in force inarmed conflicts, especially its role in reducing the atrocities of war and protecting those who do not participate in hostilities. This article is an attempt to answerthe question about the scope of the legal regime to which the phenomenon of airbombing was subjected.

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Meandry służby generała kawalerii Aleksieja Brusiłowa w Armii Czerwonej w latach 1920–1926

Author(s): Rafał Igielski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The subject of the article is the last period of General Aleksei Brusilov’s military activity – during the civil war as well as active service in the Red Army. Focus has been placed mainly on the years 1923–1924, when he served in the Soviet forces as General Inspector of the Cavalry, contributing to its increasing professionalization. Due to the lack of any studies on Brusilov in Polish, the author considered it necessary to present an outline of the general’s military career in the army of the Russian Empire until 1914, which gave the paper a more comprehensive character and made it possible to critically assess his command and organizational skills. A brief discussion of the evolution of General Brusilov’s image in historiography and USSR and Russian propaganda has also been included.

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Oficerowie Biura Historycznego i Wojskowego Biura Historycznego w latach 1922–1939 (część 2)

Author(s): Arkadiusz Tuliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The presented biographical collective study concerns the officers of the Historical Bureau/Military Historical Bureau (BH/WBH). It contains biographical notes on officers serving in BH/WBH in 1922–1939, preceded by a preliminary collective portrait of the officers. The biographical notes were prepared taking into account especially their age, civil education, knowledge of foreign languages, the course of military service, work in headquarters or such entities as military museums or educational institutions. The author’s intention was to concisely present both the dynamic development of the office and the professional level of officers assigned to it.

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Dziergowice i Kuźnia Raciborska na tle innych wsi powiatów kozielskiego i raciborskiego w okresie powstań śląskich i plebiscytu w świetle nowych źródeł archiwalnych

Author(s): Paweł Parys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2018

The author of the following work based his considerations on documents from the collections of the “Upper Silesian Uprisings” and “Silesian Uprisings” from the resources of the Central Military Archives and the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America based in New York. They focus on the inhabitants of Dziergowice (Kędzierzyn-Koźle County) and Kuźnia Raciborska (Racibórz County) that took part in the Third Silesian Uprising. The investigated documents deal with issues related to age, professions and the involvement of some families in the pro-Polish activities. Furthermore, the article also discusses locals supporting Germany. The whole is closed by the personal register of insurgents, as well as the membersof the Upper Silesia Heimat Patriots (German: Heimattreue Oberschlesier) and Stormtroops (German: Stosstruppen) from the aforementioned towns.

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Przyczynek do badań nad oddziaływaniem lokalnej prasy na wiejską ludność Górnego Śląska – na przykładzie wybranych artykułów zawartych w „Przewodniku Wiejskim” – w latach 1919–1922

Author(s): Łukasz Wołczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2018

The years 1919–1922 were a difficult period for Poland and especially for Upper Silesia. Social unrest, the resulting from it Silesian Uprisings and the issue of the plebiscite polarized the population of Upper Silesia. In addition, agitation in the Polish and German press, playing a huge propaganda role, was part of everyday life before the plebiscite. All these elements appear on the pages of the“Rural Guide” (Polish: “Przewodnik Wiejski”), which is the organ of the Silesian Farmers’ Union. In addition to propaganda articles, in the magazine one can also find articles related to agricultural activity, including crop growing and breeding guides. The magazine is interesting because it enables to follow almost “live” the political and social attitudes in Upper Silesia, partly represented by the authors of articles published in the “Rural Guide”.

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ALEXANDRINA CANTACUZINO AND THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT OF THE INTERWAR YEARS. A REVIEW

Author(s): Cecilia Cârja / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Alexandrina Cantacuzino și mișcarea feministă din anii interbelici [Alexandrina Cantacuzino and the Feminist Movement of the Interwar Years], edition of documents elaborated by Anemari Monica NEGRU, volumes I–II; Editura Cetatea de Scaun, Târgoviște, 2014, 345 p. (vol. I), 2019, 395 p. (vol. II)

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„Výbuch, který právě nastal.“ Zrod Hitlerovy diktatury pohledem československých reportérů

Author(s): Vratislav Maňák / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3/2023

This study focuses on Czechoslovak reportage journalism and its reflection of political events in Germany during 1933, when the political system underwent a fundamental transformation into a totalitarian dictatorship led by Adolf Hitler. The study shows and analyses the interwar form of written reportage and reflects German events through texts by three prominent Czechoslovak journalists: Franta Kocourek, Géza Včelička and Egon Erwin Kisch. The study describes their narrative strategies and shows how journalistic work was influenced by the ideological positions of these Czechoslowak reporters. Despite their differing political positions, all three of them were united in their clear criticism of the NSDAP.

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The forgotten Karol Andel (1897-1977) and his contribution to the development of Ethnography, Archaeology and Museology in Slovakia

Author(s): Martin Priecko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The paper is an evaluation study of the biographical work of Karol Andel, who, as a civil servant in the interwar and post-war periods, devoted himself to the amateur collection of ethnographic material and the search for archaeological sites. His work refuted opinions of the prehistoric sterility of many regions, and also laid the foundations of many ethnographic and archaeological collections in Slovakia – in Kysuce Záhorie, Levoča and Bojnice, and at the Slovak National Museum in Bratislava. In his fieldwork he collaborated with respected authorities of archaeology and ethnography in Slovakia, including J. Eisner, V. Budinský-Krička, Š. Janšák, B. Szöke, R. Bednárik and M. Markuš. Thanks to his lifelong professional work and passion, he eventually became a researcher at the Ethnographic Institute, and later the Archaeological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences.

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Underestimated Ally: Ukraine during the Polish–Soviet War of 1920 in Polish Underground Publications (1976–1989)

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Underestimated Ally: Ukraine during the Polish–Soviet War of 1920 in Polish Underground Publications (1976–1989)

Author(s): Vitalii Borymskyi / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2023

This article examines Polish underground publications (samizdat) interpreting Ukraine’s role in the Polish–Soviet war of 1920. The research analyzes a large number of underground journals, newspapers, and books. It shows the relationship between the political thought of Polish émigrés and the opposition within the Polish People’s Republic. The article argues that the Polish oppositionists considered rethinking the history of relations with Poland’s eastern neighbors an essential precondition for gaining its sovereignty. They regarded the Polish–Soviet war of 1920 as one of the most critical episodes in Polish–Ukrainian–Russian relations in recent history. A common feature of most opposition publications on the Polish–Soviet war was emphasizing the joint struggle of Ukrainians and Poles against the Bolsheviks. The authors often emphasized the combat value of Ukrainian units and stressed that Poland did not correctly appreciate their contribution to the common struggle. They also believe that the conditions of Polish aid were too painful for Ukraine. The defeat of the project for an independent Ukraine laid the foundations for the Soviet attack on Poland in 1939. The main conclusion from this historical episode, for most Polish oppositionists, was that supporting Ukraine’s independence was of strategic interest for Poland. In turn, Poland must abandon competition with Russia for Ukraine as a sphere of influence in the future. Only equal relations with its eastern neighbors will give Poland lasting security.

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The new approach to commemorating open-air war sites on the example of the Museum of Westerplatte and the 1939 war in Gdańsk, Poland

Author(s): Monika Trojanowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This paper focuses on current issues in the development of open-air memorial sites. The concept of open-air museums is evolving in the twenty-first century to encompass sustainable protection of war monuments in their historical context. The cultural landscapes require minimal intervention. However, to ensure the viability of the museums and accessibility to visitors, new additions – in terms of architecture and urban design – are inevitable. The challenge is to guarantee the quality and coherence of any additions and to preserve historic landscapes. It is also crucial to ensure public acceptance of revitalization efforts. Open architectural competition might be a reliable means of delivering viable results, as demonstrated by the recent construction of a new military cemetery and restoration of the battlefield in Westerplatte in Gdańsk, Poland.

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Housing Cooperatives in Slovakia 1918-1969: the Case of Avion

Author(s): Katarína Haberlandová / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2022

Housing represented a field of interest that gradually acquired wider significance within the framework of social policy in the interwar Czechoslovak Republic. While until the creation of the independent state in 1918, discussions on social housing focused primarily on the working class, the rise of a new middle class in the interwar years created the need to secure accessible housing for this social group as well. One of the most valuable projects of this type of cooperative housing in Bratislava is Avion, the work of architect Josef Marek (1889-1965) from 1932. Using this building as an example, we illustrate the principles of founding similar cooperatives as well as their organisation and operations across time, through which various historical and political circumstances during World War II and afterward shaped and altered the original idea of cooperative housing.

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Healthcare and Recreation: The Infrastructure of Summer Colonies for Children in Lithuania in 1918-1940

Author(s): Brigita Tranavičiūtė / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2022

After the First World War, the protection of children’s health and recreation became one of the most important activities taken up by various voluntary associations. For this purpose, charities – with the financial backing of philanthropists – began to establish summer colonies for children in resort areas, which provided an opportunity for sick Lithuanian children to recover and rest. However, in the late 1930s, the protection of children’s health became a state priority. With the state, charities and philanthropists working together, children’s health and recreation reached a new level of quality through the development of a network of summer colonies and the creation of infrastructure.

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Podkarpatští Rusíni v diskuzích poslanců poslanecké sněmovny meziválečné Československé republiky

Author(s): Petr Kokaisl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

Příspěvek ukazuje zcela jiný náhled na problematiku rusínské otázky v meziválečném Československu, a to pohledem rusínských zástupců z celého spektra politických stran v československém parlamentu. Přestože byla Podkarpatská Rus i její obyvatelé v Československu často idealizováni pro svou nedotčenou přírodu a patriarchální ráz a československé veřejné mínění bylo této oblasti velmi příznivě nakloněno, část rusínských politiků tento ideál rozhodně nesdílela. Především komunističtí poslanci kritizovali veškerou vládní politiku a přetrvávající všeobecnou zaostalost, ale zřejmě největší prostor měla mezi československými poslanci zastupujícími Podkarpatskou Rus tématika autonomie oblasti. Příspěvek klade důraz na čtyři hlavní témata, která se v parlamentních rozpravách objevovala nejčastěji: snaha o autonomii, řešení špatné hospodářské situace, situace ve školství a spory o používání jazyka, dvojí přístup k Rusínům žijícím na Slovensku a na Podkarpatské Rusi.

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Subcarpathian Rusyns in the debates of the Chamber of Deputies of the inter-war Czechoslovak Republic

Author(s): Petr Kokaisl / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper presents a very different view of the Rusyn question in inter-war Czechoslovakia through the eyes of Rusyn representatives from across the spectrum of political parties in the Czechoslovak parliament. Although Subcarpathian Rus and its inhabitants were often idealised in Czechoslovakia for their unspoilt nature and patriarchal character, and Czechoslovak public opinion was very favourable towards the region, some Rusyn politicians certainly did not share this ideal. The Communist deputies in particular criticised all government policies and the persistence of general backwardness, but the question of the region's autonomy was probably the most prominent among the Czechoslovak deputies representing Subcarpathian Rus. The paper highlights four main issues that emerged most frequently in the parliamentary debates: the quest for autonomy, the solution to the poor economic situation, the situation in education and disputes over the use of the language, and the dual treatment of Rusyns living in Slovakia and in Subcarpathian Rus.

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REMEK DJELO ENGLESKOG KLASIKA PRVI PUT PRED NAMA

Author(s): Žarko Milenić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2023

William Olaf Stapledon (1886. - 1950.), poznat kao Olaf Stapledon bio je engleski pisac, filozof, psiholog i sveučilišni profesor. Rođen je u Seacombeu, Wallasey, na poluotoku Wirral u Cheshireu. Prvih šest godina svog života proveo je s roditeljima u Port Saidu u Egiptu. Obrazovao se u Abbotsholme School i Balliol Collegeu u Oxfordu, gdje je 1909. godine stekao diplomu iz moderne povijesti, a 1913. je promoviran u magistra. Nakon kratkog staža kao nastavnik u gimnaziji u Manchesteru radio je u brodarskim uredima u Liverpoolu i Port Saidu od 1910. do 1912. Od 1912. do 1915. Stapledon je radio s liverpulskim ogrankom Radničke obrazovne udruge. Tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata služio je kao prigovarač savjesti. Postao je vozač u jedinici hitne pomoći prijatelja u Francuskoj i Belgiji od srpnja 1915. do siječnja 1919. Ratna iskustva su utjecala na njegova pacifistička uvjerenja. Stapledon je dobio doktorat iz filozofije na Sveučilištu u Liverpoolu 1925. i koristio je svoju doktorsku tezu kao osnovu za svoju prvu objavljenu knjigu “Modernu teoriju etike” (A Modern Theory of Ethics: A study of the Relations of Ethics and Psychology, 1929.) Međutim, ubrzo se okrenuo beletristici u nadi da će svoje ideje predstaviti široj javnosti. Relativni uspjeh romana “Posljednji i prvi ljudi” (Last and First Men, 1930.) potaknuo ga je da se više posveti pisanju. Napisao je nastavak, “Posljednji ljudi u Londonu” (Last Men in London, 1932.), te još mnogo knjiga proze, poezije i filozofije. Nakon 1945. godine Stapledon je mnogo putovao na predavanja, posjećujući Nizozemsku, Švedsku i Francusku, a 1948. govorio je na Svjetskom kongresu intelektualaca za mir u Wrocławu, Poljska. Sudjelovao je na Konferenciji za svjetski mir održanoj u New Yorku 1949. godine. Godine 1950. uključio se u pokret protiv aparthejda. Nakon tjedan dana predavanja u Parizu, otkazao je planirano putovanje u Jugoslaviju i vratio se u svoj dom u Caldyju, gdje je iznenada preminuo od srčanog udara.

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OLAF STEJPLDON

Author(s): Milan M. Ćirković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2023

Olaf Stejpldon je gotovo u potpunosti bio hombre invisible, nevidljivi čovek. I to stanje traje i danas. Tu nedavno je jedan od najistaknutijih naučnika današnjice, dobitnik Nobelove nagrade za fiziku i sjajan popularizator nauke Frenk Vilcek, u intervjuu izjavio da je na čelu liste najznačajnijih knjiga u njegovom životu Stejpldonov The Star Maker (ispred naslova ser Bertranda Rasela, Hermana Vejla i Ričarda Fajnmena!), što je izazvalo pravu poplavu čuđenja i preslišavanja među naučnim blogovima, gde većina prisutnih za Stejpldona nikad nije čula. Izuzetak od ovog opšteg zaborava su donekle fanovi naučnofantastične književnosti koji često čuju mantru da su pioniri ovog žanra Vels i Stejpldon (ponekad im se dodaje i Karel Čapek), ali i pored tog verbalnog odavanja pošte, činjenica je da njegovi romani nisu mnogo čitani. Drugi izuzetak jesu transhumanistički krugovi, koji u njemu vide, kao što ćemo videti sa punim pravom, jednog od najeksplicitnijih preteča ovog pokreta.

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