[Проблематика роботи двох авторів-режисерів («парних» сценаристів і режисерів) над дебютним фільмом у другій половині 30-х рр. XX ст.

Author(s): Oleksandr Viktorovich Bezruchko / Language(s): English / Issue: 38/2017

The purposes of the work are to investigate and analyze all stages of functioning of stage-director tandem of Yulia Ippolitovna Solntseva and Mikhail Borisovich Vinyarskiy above the film «As steel was tempered» on the Kyiv Film Studios (Film Studios of Feature Films). Methodology. The research methodology consists in application of methods of scientific reconstruction, objectivity and historical method. These methodological approaches allow to recreate the picture of cultural process on the base of the archived data and discover historical and study of art pre-conditions of appearance and range of problems of work of two stages-directors («pair» scenario writers and stage-directors) above debut films. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelty of the research consists in opening of the unknown phenomenon of the soviet cinema: range of problems of work of two stages-directors («pair» scenario writers and stage-directors) above debut films in the second half 30th of 21st century. On the basis of the unknown archived documents and materials of the cinematographic press of that period, all stages of functioning of film director’s tandem of of Yulia Ippolitovna Solntseva and Mikhail Borisovich Vinyarskiy above the film «As steel was tempered» on the Kyiv Film Studios (Film Studios of Feature Films) are reconstructed. Conclusions. Summing up, the range of problems of work of two stages-directors («pair» scenario writers and stage-directors) is investigational above debut in the second half 30th of 21st century. It is told about pre-history of creation and first stage of work of film director’s tandem of Y. Solntseva – M. Vinyarskiy. The role and place of each participants of this creative tandem are found out. The little-known pages of work of stage-director tandem of Y. Solntseva – M. Vinyarskiy above the movie «As steel was tempered» are reconstructed. The author lists up the main reasons of ending the cinematographic project.

1914–1939 m. Vokietijoje paskelbtų atsiminimų apie Didįjį karą Rytprūsiuose publikavimo dinamika ir turinys

Author(s): Hektoras Vitkus / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 1/2017

Based on the statistical analysis of bibliographical data and the methods of content analysis and structuralist narratology, the research sets out to determine the dynamics of publication of the memoirs on the Great War in East Prussia that were published in Germany in the period of 1914–1939 as well as to investigate the tendencies of change in their content. The memoirs on the Great War in East Prussia have neither been studied in terms of content nor the dynamics of publication. Therefore, this study provided an opportunity to not only single out the prevailing storylines relating to the topic of remembrance of the Great War in East Prussia but also to reveal the dynamics of their circulation in German publishing.

1920 – 1950’li YILLAR AZERBAYCAN EDEBİYATINDA MİLLİ MANEVİ İDEALLER HAKİM İDEOLOJİNİN GİRDABINDA

Author(s): Yaşar RIZAYEV / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2009

1920-1950s, national-spiritual ideals of the Azerbaijan literature in the servitude of the judge ideology. This article is dealt from in which condition was national-spiritual ideals of Azerbaijan literature in the servitude of the soviet ideology and problems of Azerbaijani writers lived during this period.

1920'li Yıllarda Avrupa'da Sinema ve Tiyatroda Ermeni Propagandası

Author(s): Arif Kolay / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2017

The content of the article is the effort of Armenians to use some of the theatres/movies produced by them against Turks as a tool of propaganda in 1920’s in various cities of Europe (Stockholm, Hague, Geneva, Bern etc.) and the effort of Turkish embassy officers to prevent this. The study was prepared by using the Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives. The role of this propaganda will be better understood in the context of the Armenian issue reached today.

1922–1940 m. universitetas Lietuvoje, kaip pilietinės visuomenės židinys

Author(s): Mantas Simanavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 15/2015

The University of Lithuania (Vytautas Magnus), which was established during the first independent Republic of Lithuania and operated during the interwar period, has already attracted the attention of many historians, who have analysed its activities. Still, the research on the University from the perspective of civil society is scarce. The present article attempts to discuss and assess the role of the University and its academic community in the society and in the relationship with the government in the context of civil activity. The civil activity of the University or civil activity at the University is especially important, taking into consideration its autonomy and its use when the country changed from democracy to an authoritarian regime and consolidated it.In the present article, the processes related to civil society at the University are analysed from several perspectives: the relationship between the University and society; autonomy maintenance; the contribution and influence of the pedagogical staff; the importance of the University rector; the influence of students and their organizations, especially Students’ Representatives; and the internationality of teachers and students. The relationship with the government and its policy is integrated into different historical research as a horizontal measure. The abovementioned aspects of historical research are the components of the natural and organic activity of the University. Thus, the article aims at showing the university as the source of civil society activity.

1923 Nüfus Mübadelesine Mizah Penceresinden Bakmak: Zümrüdüanka

Author(s): Nuray Firindioğlu Yılmaz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 2/2017

The Greek- Turkish 1923 population exchange has played an important role in Turkish history both politically and socially. Since about 2 million Greeks and Turks were ousted from their homelands, this issue has quickly become problematic due to some main concerns and conflicts over its form and instruments, the definition and the scale of the refugees, and the legal status of their left property. These problems led the refugees to experience a number of tragic incidents from the start of the implementation of the exchange almost until it is completed. This study reviews the Greek- Turkish population exchange that has been engraved in collective memory in every respect by analyzing the texts and caricatures in the comic book, Zümrüdüanka, that reflect its idiosyncratic sense of humor.

1931 m. gruodžio 31 d. visuomeninių organizacijų surašymas: tautinių mažumų atstovavimo skerspjūvis

Author(s): Vitalijus Gailius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2015

Based on the data from the census of Lithuanian public organizations of 31 December 1931 and additional statistical sources, such as the population census of 1923 as well as various volumes of Statistical Yearbook of Lithuania, the article addresses the problems of organizations of ethnic minorities. The paper discusses the common characteristics and provides an in-depth analysis of the factors that could decide a different involvement of ethnic minorities in public organizations in different counties. It also presents the dynamics of the organizational network.

1940: SFÂRȘITUL LETONIEI, SFÂRȘITUL UNOR MISIUNI DIPLOMATICE. GRIGORE NICULESCU-BUZEȘTI ȘI LUDVIGS EKIS ÎN FAȚA DRUMULUI SPRE CASĂ

Author(s): Bogdan-Alexandru Schipor / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 56/2019

In the case of the mandate that Grigore Niculescu-Buzești fulfilled in the Latvian capital, attention is drawn by the accuracy of the reports and the political-diplomatic analysis carried out by the Romanian diplomat. A careful and detailed study of the telegrams he sent to Bucharest from the Baltic capital can reveal to anyone, on the one hand, the concerns, fears, tensions and hopes of the authorities in Riga, as well as the Latvian society, in the context of the Soviet-German pact from August 23, 1939, of the outbreak of war and of the relationship with the Soviet Union, and on the other hand the mechanisms and resorts of Moscow’s aggression, the chro-nology of the small steps that led to the annexation of the Baltic countries by the great neighbour from the East in June 1940. Specifically, the diplomatic correspondence of Niculescu-Buzesti from the Latvian capital can expose in detail what some authors have termed the “technology of aggression”. Until August 1940, the Romanian diplomat sent to Bucharest numerous telegrams in which the stages of annexation can be clearly and accurately captured. The number of documents and the quality of the information and analysis show, on the other hand, the high interest of Bucharest in relation to what was happening in the Baltic states at that time, the Soviet neighbourhood being the common factor that linked Romania to the three small countries or Finland at that time. However, if the end of independent Latvia also marked the end of Niculescu-Buzești’s mission in Riga, so too was the termination of the mandate of Ludvigs Ekis, Minister of Latvia accredited to Romania and Hungary, from October 1939, as well as to Turkey starting with April 1940. In a report prepared on December 23, 1942 Ekis testified that his arrival in Romania was an accidental one, due to the fact that almost the entire foreign diplomatic corps from Warsaw left for Bucharest in September−October 1939. After the annexation of Latvia by the Soviet Union, the diplomat, however, realized that Bucharest was not the best place to serve the democratic inte-rests of his country, so he considered his departure to Budapest, Bern or to the United States of America. Finally, Ludvigs Ekis handed over his duties from Bucharest to his legation secretary and left for Budapest first, because his application for a Swiss visa was refused, on the grounds that it was filed with a delay of several days. Later, with the help of Latvian Minister in Washington, Alfreds Bilmanis, he would arrive in the United States.

3-тя Залізна стрілецька дивізія армії УНР у 1921 р.: просвітня та культурно-мистецька складова таборового повсякдення вояцтва

Author(s): Igor Volodymyrovych Sribnyak,Gennadij Mykhaylovych Nadtoka / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 3/2018

The purpose of the article is determined by the necessity to analyze educational, cultural and art constituent of the everyday life of the representatives of The 3rd Iron Rifle Division of UNR Army in 1921. The methodology is based on the appliance of problematic, chronological, systematically historical, comparatively retrospective and analytical methods of the implementation of the scientific research. The scientific novelty aims to research complex content of educational, cultural and artistic activity of 3rd division soldiers in Kalisz camp. The authors of the article came to the conclusion that all theatrical and concert amateur events were national in accordance with the content and atmosphere which led to the spiritual consolidation of division soldiers in difficult interned terms.

5. Протокол заседания Московского лингвистического кружка (15 февраля 1920 года)

Author(s): Boris Tomashevsky / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/1977

O. Брик. Доклад Томашевского делится на 3 части. Последняя - критика Белого, не вызывает возражений, 2-ая заключает в себе интересные наблюдения, но 1-ая, методологическая - неубедительна. Говоря о ритме прозы, нужно прежде всего определить, что мы изучаем: ритм чтения или ритм написанного? Ритм декламационный нужно отличать от ритма имманентного. Но предположим, что изучаем ритм чтения. На чем базируется кривая ритма? Докладчик кладет в основу интонационные отрезки, но вместо интонации подставляет экспирацию. Подход, диктуемый аналогией со стихотворным ритмом, оказывается несостоятельным. Кроме того, выводы сделаны на основании небольшого материала, что не делает их общеубедительными.

50 lecie odrodzonego Muzeum Ziemi Wieluńskiej

Author(s): Jan Książek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 14/2014

Historia wieluńskiego muzealnictwa sięga okresu międzywojennego. Wówczas grupa pasjonatów skupionych w organizacji Polska Macierz Szkolna zaangażowała się w powołanie regionalnego muzeum. Jej działaczka, Felicja z Morzyckich Rymarkiewiczowa, właścicielka majątku ziemskiego w podwieluńskim Niedzielsku, na stworzenie irozwój muzeum poświęciła swoją energię iśrodki finansowe. W powstanie nowej instytucji kultury włączyły się również władze powiatowe, które na siedzibę muzeum przekazały cztery sale w pałacu, wzniesionym w połowie XIX w. na murach średniowiecznego zamku, zczasem zamienionym na siedzibę Starostwa Powiatowego. Uroczystego otwarcia Muzeum Ziemi Wieluńskiej Polskiej Macierzy Szkolnej dokonano 10 X 1926 r. Po blisko dekadzie z sukcesem prowadzonej działalności powiększone zbiory przeniesiono do wykupionej i zaadaptowanej na cele wystawiennicze dawnej cerkwi przy ul.

60 anni di ICE-Agenzia in Polonia. 60 lat ICE – Agencji Promocji i Internacjonalizacji Przedsiębiorstw Włoskich w Polsce

Author(s): Antonino Mafodda / Language(s): Polish,Italian / Publication Year: 0

Bilingual volume published in cooperation with the Embassy of Italy in Poland and with the Italian Institute of Culture to celebrate the centenary of the Italian-Polish diplomatic relations (1919–2019).Texts by the renowned Italian and Polish authors (translated from Italian to Polish or vice versa) are divided into two parts: “Diplomacy, economy, history” and “Art, film, literature, theatre”. Such division allows to follow the Polish-Italian bonds in different fields, from translation and performance of the Italian tragedies on the Polish stages, to cooperation with the FIAT company. There is also reflection on the Polish-Italian relations in the difficult interwar period and during the Second World War. In this context one text has exceptional significance - that of Vincenzo Mario Palmieri, Italian anatomic pathologist and a member of the international commission that examined the Katyń massacre in 1943.The volume not only for the Italophiles but also for all those interested in the history of the 20th century and in the issues of the international relations.

90 GODINA HUSINSKE BUNE 1920-2010.

Author(s): Elvis Bećirović / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 3/2010

Ovaj rad govori o Husinskoj buni kao najvećem radničkom i socijalnom buntu bh. radništva. Bio je to štrajk i oružani otpor rudara rudnika uglja ''Kreka'' zbog Vladinog kršenja sporazuma o visini rudarskih nadnica. Učešće u ovoj buni uzelo je preko sedam hiljada radnika, a glavni organizator bila je tada još legalna Komunistička partija preko Saveza rudara na čijem se čelu nalazio istaknuti predratni tuzlanski radnički i sindikalni aktivista MitarTrifunović Učo. Zbog represalija monarhističke vlasti koje su prethodile generalnom štrajku rudara od 21. do 28. decembra 1920. godine, 300 rudara je iseljeno iz tuzlanske četvrti Kreka, te su se povukli sa štrajkačkim odborom u tuzlansko prigradsko naselje Husino. Njihov otpor je u krvi ugušen i to osam dana nakon pobune. Svi učesnici su pohapšeni, njih 350. U optužnici, koja je uslijedila godinu dana kasnije, jedan od glavnih aktera pobune, husinski rudar Jure Kerošević, optužen za ubistvo žandara, osuđen je na smrt vješanjem, a ostali učesnici bune na dugogodišnje zatvorske kazne. Protiv ovog suđenja i optužnice prema Keroševiću, u tadašnjoj Kraljevini SHS ali i u inostranstvu, vođena je velika akcija radničke solidarnosti, pa su monarhističke vlasti bile prinuđene da smrtnu kaznu Juri Keroševiću preimenuju na 20 godina teške robije. Cilj ovog rada je da u kraćim crtama prikaže društveni ambijent prvih godina nove države Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca nakon kraja Prvog svjetskog rata, ekonomsku situaciju u zemlji, uzroke, tok i završetak Husinske bune, te posljedice koje je ona ostavila na istoriju radničke klase ina istorijska zbivanja uopšte u Tuzli i BiH.

A Century of Cooperation: Polish-Romanian bilateral relations, 1918-2018

Author(s): Karina Paulina Marczuk / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1-2/2018

Overall, relations between Poland and Romania can be divided into three main stages: the interwar period between the end of World War I and the outbreak of World War II; from the end of World War II to the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the bipolar world order; and from that point to the present. This paper comprises three parts, each devoted to one of the phases listed above. I argue that Polish-Romanian cooperation has been primarily restricted to the economic sphere, with cultural and political relations following. It is significant that during the period analysed the two states have concluded numerous bilateral agreements, treaties and conventions, of which many are still in force. Examining them reveals what areas of bilateral relations have been predominant, and it is on such primary sources that the research presented here is based.

A DEBRECENI TUDOMÁNYEGYETEM GÖRÖG-LATIN PHILOLÓGIAI SZEMINÁRIUMÁNAK TÖRTÉNETE (1914—1949)

Author(s): József Mudrák / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2006

A dravida nyelvek genetikai rokonsága más nyelvcsaládokkal

Author(s): István Major / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A Forgotten Detail in the Cultural Landscape: a Ukrainian Version of Russian Formalism? National Identity, Avant-garde and Ideology in Literary Discussions in Soviet Ukraine (1920s–1930s)

Author(s): Galina Babak / Language(s): English / Issue: 32 (37)/2017

The 1920s in the Soviet Ukraine are characterised by significant variability of views on the meaning, social significance and mechanism of art and literature, however, all this theoretical and practical variety was limited by political restriction imposed by official communist ideology. Avant-garde groups and movements enriched modernist discussions by drawing attention to the fact that the revolution in arts and literature was of the same nature as political and social revolution. Numerous Soviet writers, poets, artists, philologists, etc. (including Ukrainian writers with their own national agenda) took part in these discussions; many of them were members of different literary movements, groups and organisations – and of course they had a different aesthetic orientation. One of the most important topics of Soviet theoretical discussions in the 1920s was the dualism of “form” and “content” in literature and art. Such discussions were held in Soviet Ukraine as well. Even though we cannot speak about “Ukrainian formalism” as an organised and disciplined aesthetic school, it is important to determine the “Ukrainian version” of correlation between universalist ideas of Russian formalism, internationalist Soviet ideology (in relation to the culture), and forming Ukrainian cultural identity.

A francia diplomácia dilemmái a két háború közti közép-európai politikájában

Author(s): István Majoros / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A francia külpolitika változása 1934-1936 között

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Enyedi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2014

Germany’s rearmament posed a major threat to France since Hitler had come to power in 1933 and left the Rearmament Conference, therefore the question of security became the main issue in France’s foreign policy. The appointment of Louis Barthou to Foreign Minister in 1934 basically changed French diplomacy by attempting to develop the system of alliances as well as to accept a convention on arms limitation involving Germany. However French plans did not always meet with the concepts of British foreign policy. Pierre Laval, Barthou’s successor on the post, carried on negotiations with Italy and the Soviet-Union which led to the Franco-Soviet pact in 1935 besides he was still determined to approach Germany and resume arm limitation talks. As a result of the failure of the efforts made in order to prevent rearmament, Hitler announced German conscription which was followed by the reoccupation of the Rhineland in 1936.

A francia-német kapcsolatok a leszerelési konferencia időszakában

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Enyedi / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0