Istoria ca un balast, LV
Jurnal de bord istoric
The article contains the author’s reflections on some of the moments of World War II and how the leadership of the Great Alliance cooperated while pursuing their political interest.
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Jurnal de bord istoric
The article contains the author’s reflections on some of the moments of World War II and how the leadership of the Great Alliance cooperated while pursuing their political interest.
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The hundred-th anniversary of the founding of the Romanian Communist Party in 1921 is the perfect moment to analyze the history of this political movement and its meaning for the Romanian society during the XXth century. Founded as a section of the IIIrd Communist International, the RCP failed to represent any social change in a country full of inequalities because of its anti-national programm to cancel the territorial results of the Great Union of December 1st, 1918.
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In this article the author presents a few considerations about a public monument dedicated to the heroism of the Romanian Army during the First World War. The infantry monument was made by the sculptor Ion Jalea and by the architect N. Georgescu and it was inaugurated in 1936. Due to it’s disappearance during the Second World War, through this article the author supports the restoration of the monument.
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Vasile Pârvan a été un savant d’une étonnante capacité à organiser la vie intellectuelle, à la fois dans son pays et à l’étranger. Véritable promoteur des collaborations internationales dans son domaine de spécialité, celui-ci a soutenu le développement de ce type de relations dans le domaine plus général, des toutes les disciplines socio-humaines. En qualité de secrétaire général de l’Académie Roumaine, Pârvan a été le président de la Commission Nationale de Coopération Intellectuelle dès la fondation de celle-ci, en novembre 1923 et jusqu’au début du mars 1927, quand il démissionna pour raisons de santé. Les mêmes raisons l’ont déterminé à refuser la participation à la première réunion des représentants des musées européens de Genève, en janvier 1927, et demander à son ami, George Oprescu, de le remplacer. Participant au V-ème Congrès international des sciences historiques en 1923, il aurait désiré être présent au prochain aussi – programmé en 1928, à Oslo – mais „le temps n’a plus eu de la patience”. J’ai découvert une note inédite qui nous dévoile les plans pour ses futures recherches. Choisi en 1926 comme membre du Comité International des Sciences Historiques, à l’entendue de sa mort prématurée, Pârvan est devenu le sujet d’une émotionnante évocation de la part du président de ce Comité, le Norvégien Halvdan Koht (évocation que nous présentons en annexe). Enfin, on mit en discussion deux situations moins ordinaires, provoquées par la personnalité du savant: celle de son admirateur Alexandru Sahia, journaliste et écrivant procommuniste et celle du philosophe de Iassy, Valeriu Gherghel, qui croit à l’existence d’un „cas Pârvan” dans la culture roumaine.
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The authors have provided a copy of the party programme of the lawyer and, as he was referred to at the time, royal notary Zdravko Kovačević in Slatina, a distinguished member of the Democratic Party in the Slavonian-Syrmian area. The text provides reflections on the crucial inner political issue of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the discontent of the Croats with the new conditions, with special emphasis on the ideology of Yugoslav unitarism. They are (due to the poor state of preservation of party political and other archival records) interwoven with Kovačević’s valuable (but mostly disregarded in historiography) personal experience during the first years of his political activities in the new state. The document also provides basic information about Kovačević as well as a brief analysis of the text, his motives and the reactions to it.
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The centenary of the enactment of the March Constitution in Poland prompts questions about the constituent parts of the achievements of Polish constitutionalism of that period. The authors have found the issue of the sources of law worthy of attention, and among the latter, especially those acts that are situated between the classically conceived competences of the authorities, i.e., acts with the force of statute issued by the organs of executive authority. These acts, formally absent from the system of sources of law of the March Constitution until the enactment of the August amendment of 1926, appeared in the practice of the Second Republic at the time of the budgetary crisis in 1924, in the form of acts issued “by the President of the Republic on the basis of resolutions of the Council of Ministers”. These “special kinds of autonomous regulations” [Z. Cybichowski] provoked intensive discussions regarding both the admissibility of such delegation of legislative power, as well as the legal essence and constitutionality of aforementioned regulations. The authors would like to take a closer look at the institution of legal acts with the force of statutes as sources functioning in the era of democratic constitutional solutions establishing a parliamentary-cabinet system [i.e., in the years 1921–1926 and after 1989], without neglecting the historical and comparative context in which the examined institution evolved.
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L’étude met en relief la preoccupation de l’organisation départementale Neamţ du Parti Communiste Roumain dans la période 1921—1944 pour la naintien et l'extensions permanente de ses relations avec les masses populaires des ouvriers dans des conditions particulièrement difficiles.
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L’importance et l'originalité de l'écrivain J. L. Borges dans la littérature mondiale sont unanimes reconnues Le thème de l'espace circulaire qui se représente comme deux projections dans les domains de l’espece et de la causalité est le thème du labyrinthe et celle de la création...
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On completion of the state unit on 1st December 1918, Romanians found themselves in front of a major challenge to strengthen the unified Romania: the legislative unification. The establishment of a unitary legal framework was absolutely necessary for the normal conduct of public life in a sovereign state.
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The activity of Juozas Gabrys and his colleagues at the League of Nations in Geneva from 1927 until 1939 is the main subject of this article. The questions about this group of people are analyzed through several perspectives, such as journalism, business, and politics. The territorial and ethnical problems which were addressed by Lithuania at the League of Nations and the decisions of Lithuanian diplomats and politicians were overviewed in the press publications of Gabrys in various Lithuanian newspapers. In these texts he mostly focuses on two main topics in international interwar Lithuanian politics -the question of Vilnius its regarding mutual relations with Poland and the question of Memel and its region, which was intensely disputed by Lithuanian and German influences. Simultaneously, Gabrys had the intentions to develop business relations between Lithuania and Switzerland. He and his family worked in the fields of real estate and money exchange. Also, he established the Lithuanian Information Bureau in Geneva, which received irregular donations from the Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, yet most of the publications were funded by Gabrys himself. The answer to the question of Gabrys’s real influence on Lithuanian foreign policy could be given only partially. As for now, the possibility to measure this influence is limited only to the press and information field, as Gabrys’s work in those fields, although forgotten and underestimated nowadays, was observed and evaluated by his contemporaries. Due to his publications, Lithuanians could form an opinion about the League of Nations and its decisions as well as the situation on the level of European policy.
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Dans la dynamique de la société roumaine de la première moitié du XX-ème siècle, la ville de province a son propre rythme de développement et des voies de modelage après le modèle des centres urbaines plus évolués. La capitale, en particulier, représentait un modèle à suivre et un garant du succès presque dans toute entreprise, soit elle de nature strictement économique, soit dans d’autres domaines de la vie quotidienne.
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With Poienile Oancei included in its boundaries, a village which has been attested since Stefan cel Mare’s tomes, the boundaries of Stăniţa commune in Neamţ county, have met with successive changes during the years. The presentation and analysis of some cadastral plans from the inter-war times, bring to light important information about some of the properties owned by some families in the area.
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L’expérience accumulée dans la vie publique à partir de l’année 1906, son entrée comme député dans le parlement du pays (1907) déterminent N. Iorga de former sa propre formation politique „avec ceux qui sont bons, aux âme propres et qui n’acceptent pas le joug des partis, avec ceux dépourvus de fortune et avec les explités des oligarchies qui désiraient la fondation d’une démocratie réelle”. Dans la conception de son fondateur, le Parti National Démocrate ne répresentait pas les idéaux d’une seule classe sociale mai sil voulait répondre „au besoin organique” de toute une nation.
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Review of: Aljaksandr Smaljančuk “Raman Skirmunt (1868–1939). Žyccjapis hramadzjanina Kraju [Raman Skirmunt (1868–1939). Biografie eines Bürgers des Landes/kraj]”. Vydavec Zmicer Kolas. Minsk 2018. XII, 692 S., Ill. ISBN 978-985-23-0016-2
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The article, drawing on a wide range of archival documents and various sources, examines the formation of a general system for the protection of mothers and babies in the autonomous Bashkir republic in the 1920s. It examines the measures taken by local authorities to protect and promote the health of children, women-mothers in the difficult conditions of that time. For the first time, the influence of objective and subjective factors on the organization of the institutions of this system, the implementation of the assigned tasks and the implementation of the necessary work in this area is shown. A significant role in this matter was played by women’s activists — employees of the department for work among women organized under the regional committee of the party (zhenotdel). The author, when analyzing the work carried out by them in this direction, pays special attention to the difficulties that arose, omissions, miscalculations, and the reaction of the female population to innovations in this area. The article raises many questions of the topic under study, which in modern conditions are relevant.
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Contrairement a I'opinion de certains historiens qui voyaient dans l'implication politique de Nicolae Iorga un regres par rapport a sa remarcable activite scientifique, une analyse objective de son activite de chef du Parti National Democrate (a partir de 1910) et ulterieurement de premier ministre (1931 - 1932) semble infirmer cette hypothese. Fidele a l'idee selon laquelle l'historien, en tant que personnalite definie par les preoccupations theoriques approfondies en harmonie avec les aspects pratiques, doit s'assumer le râie crucial de s'impliquer dans les problemes majeurs qui visent l'interet national, Iorga n'y reste pas insensible tout en cherchant de nouvelles approches des questions de Ia societe.
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Cet article present les luttes entre les armees roumaines et allemand au tenitoire de l'ancienn departament de Putna; la situation de population rurale et urbaine; evacuation des villages; refugiees; le deplacement des autontees locales au village de Sascut; les epidemies provoquees de la guerre, la propagande communiste. D'autre chapitres sont dediees aux batailles de Mărăşti et de Mărăşeşti et les conditions de l'armistice de Focşani (1917).
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Nicolae Iorga is a monumental person in the history and culture of Romania. Very often he also spoke about Polish issues in the broader sense, both about scientific and political matters. His involvement in Polish issues is noticeable almost constantly during his scientific and political career. From the time of primary school to his tragic death, through his teachers, professors or later political partners, Poland and its affairs have often been present through many aspects of his activities. Thanks to historical education, Iorga saw Poland as an important partner of Romania on the international stage, moreover, not only as a guarantee of political security; but also an important partner in the context of cultural development. Nicolae Iorga was the initiator of the creation of Romanian philology courses at the Jagiellonian University. For his important role in strengthening relations between Poland and Romania in many fields of cooperation, he was given a honorary doctorate by Wilno University in 1931.
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In 1897, the British surgeon Charles Ryan published his memoirs entitled Under the Red Crescent about the Russian-Turkish war 1877 - 1878, emphasizing the military virtues of the Ottoman soldiers due to their natural genius for fortification and the practically unlimited supply of ammunition. The author also confirmed that it was the Romanians who played an instrumental role in the capture of the Grivitza redoubt on September 11th (August 30th) and not the Russians.
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In the Soviet forest industry during modernization in the 1930s, enterprises were built and advanced equipment and technologies were introduced, and at the same time heavy physical work of “free-bodied”, seasonal workers, rural residents, special residents, and prisoners was used on a wide scale. The weak level of development of certain components of the forest industry, the need to develop production facilities, and improving the organization of labor led to the introduction of various competitive forms of labor, including the Stakhanovite movement, which was born in 1935. The People’s Commissariat of the Forest Industry began to actively advocate for the use of Stakhanovism in their enterprises to implement annual plans and to mechanize production processes. Exceeding standards by workers did take place, but this was achieved mainly due to the long preparation at sites, the provision of necessary resources, the performance of certain types of work, and the increase of labor loads. The “best” workers managed to improve their social statuses, wages, and housing and living conditions and to receive awards. The potential of the Stakhanovite movement was limited by the weak level of its organization, and the employees’ sometimes negative attitude to this form of competition, as well as by problems of remuneration and distributing resources. Short-term labor “records” were followed by decline. As a result, there were no significant changes in worker productivity in the Soviet forest industry. In pulp and paper, plywood, and cardboard industries, labor productivity was connected primarily with the development of capacities of enterprises put into operation during the first and second five-year plans.
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