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Ludność powiatu Wieluńskiego w końcu XVIII wieku – spis Pruski z 1796 r.

Author(s): Zdzisław Włodarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2006

Zainteresowanie dziejami powiatu wieluńskiego owocujące powstaniem monografii niektórych jego gmin rodzi zapotrzebowanie na dane dotyczące liczby mieszkańców poszczególnych wsi w okresie przedstatystycznym. Materiały pochodzące z okresu staropolskiego nie pozwalają na głębszą analizę stanu demograficznego Wieluńskiego. Dopiero w końcowym okresie istnienia Rzeczypospolitej Komisja Porządkowa Cywilno Wojskowa Ziemi Wieluńskiej i Powiatu Ostrzeszowskiego zebrała dane pozwalające na szersze wykorzystanie w badaniach . Sytuacja uległa zmianie z chwilą przejścia tych terenów pod panowanie pruskie w 1793 r., w wyniku II rozbioru. Pruska administracja wytworzyła przez kilkanaście lat niespotykaną dotychczas ilość materiału statystycznego, szczegółowe przepisy regulowały tryb powstawania i formę, w jakiej prezentowano dane. Zajęte obszary otrzymały nazwę Prusy Południowe. Powiat wieluński wszedł w skład departamentu kamery piotrkowskiej, od 1798 kaliskiej.

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Źródła do dziejów magnackiego rodu. O egodokumentach trzech pokoleń Hylzenów

Author(s): Łukasz Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

The purpose of this article is to present Hylzen manuscripts scattered throughout the archives and libraries of Central and Eastern Europe. The sources stored in Lithuanian, Latvian, Ukrainian and Polish institutions include diaries, correspondence, wills, silva rerum books, as well as genealogies belonging to members of the family living in the 18th century: Jerzy Konstanty (1673–1737), Jan August (1702–1767), Jerzy Mikołaj (1692– –1775), Konstancja (d. 1795), Józef Jerzy (1736–1786), Anna Rozalia (d. 1791) and Idzi (1772–1800). The egodocumentary nature of documents is of fundamental importance in the process of creating internal history of Hylzens, because it allows to reconstruct the main directions of the political, economic and cultural activity of the family. Thanks to the autobiographical nature of self-evidences, the materials also allow to reproduce the biographies of individual representatives of the family.

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Antroponimia românilor din conscripția de la Rășinari (1754-1755). Aspecte generale

Author(s): Victor V. Vizauer / Language(s): Romanian Issue: LVIII/Sup/2019

In this article I have analyzed the general anthroponymic situation of the Romanians from Rășinari (Sibiu County) in the mid-eighteenth Century. I have considered both the first name and the family names (surnames) or nicknames extracted from the first year (1754-55) of a Conscription made for the village of Rășinari in the years 1754-1784.I have identified 40 different baptism names (worn by 340 individuals), of which the most popular 10 names were: Bucur, Coman, Manea, Oprea, Șerban, Stan, Radu, Aleman, Petru (Peter) and Ioan (John). Regarding the family names (surnames) or nicknames the 340 individuals used 161 names, the most popular being: Albu / Albul (White, the White), Dragoj / Dregoj, Minye, Munteanul (the one from Muntenia / Wallachia), Borchin / Borchine, Bratul, Dankes, Fleichin / Fleitchin and Mutz.Most interesting are the surnames because many of them have a certain or possible meaning in Romanian, Hungarian or German langueges, thus providing different informations about their bearers, such as physical characteristics, geographical origin, occupation or ethnicity.Probably the most important observation that can be made after analyzing the anthroponymy of the inhabitants of Rășinari is the increasing number of Romanian names or the names with clear meaning in Romanian, a situation rarely encountered two or three centuries earlier.

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Trama stradală ieșeană în a doua jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea. Structură, funcții și identități urbane

Author(s): Iuliana Brătescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2019

The article aims at recovering the historical evolution of an urban reality – premodern streets from Iași from the second half of the 18th century. The study includes an analysis of the two main components of the premodern street tram – spatial and social functions. The first approach the classic urbanistic perspective – treats the history of streets as physical/geographic places, focusing on the formation, function, evolution and transformation of streets. The other approach is represented by the social history perspective, where the street is a place for social interaction. Streets, both as a unit of urban space and as a public environment for social interaction, are an essential element for understanding European urbanity. The streets remained the place of most human activity, bringing together the spatial and social qualities of city life. This research shows that street life is an area of study which specifically sets out to make a cross between the physical and the social functions and to prove the nature of interdependence of the two components.

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ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПАМ’ЯТОК XVIII СТОЛІТТЯ ІЗ СЮЖЕТОМ «БАЛИКІНСЬКА ІКОНА БОЖОЇ МАТЕРІ» З КОЛЕКЦІЙ НКПІКЗ ТА НХМУ

Author(s): Olga Olegivna Ryzhova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 33/2018

The purpose of the article is to explore the hull of monuments of the XVIII century with a rare iconographic plot "Balykin Icon of the Mother of God" in the collections of the National Kiev Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve and the National Art Museum of Ukraine. The methodology of the research is based on the principles of system art analysis. Scientific novelty is to demonstrate the scientific circulation of the monuments of the XVIII century with a rare plot "Balykin's Icon of the Mother of God," as well as to clarify their attribution and identify the features of iconography images. Conclusions. According to the results of complex studies of monuments with the plot of the "Balykin Icon of the Mother of God" from the collections of the NKPIKZ: the icon KPL G 948, the shroud sewn with the picturesque inserts KPL T 1085 and the icon of 1769 (and 495) from the collection of NNMU, a hull of a few monuments with rare iconography is introduced into the scientific circulation.

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LA « BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE TRAVAIL » DE ROGER JOSEPH BOSCOVICH. LES SOURCES DU JOURNAL D’UN VOYAGE DE CONSTANTINOPLE EN POLOGNE (1772)

Author(s): Massimo Scandola / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2019

This essay analyses the sources of the Journal of a Voyage of Costantinople in Poland (1772) of Roger Boscovich. In this essay, I study the context of writing, and so I propose the hypothesis of rewriting the story travels from the study of the geographical and historical literature of his time about the vassal and tributary States of the Ottoman Empire.

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Особливості використання динамічних нюансів у флейтовому виконавстві XVIII століття

Author(s): Ihor Yermak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 11/2018

Purpose of the article. The arrangement the instructions for using dynamic nuances in the 18th-century flute music, described in the treatises of J.J. Quantz (1752), C.P.E. Bach (1753), L. Grenom (1766), J.G. Tromlitz (1791), E. Miller (1799). Systematization of the fundamental dynamics rules by material from these works for use in modern performing practice. The methodology consists of applying source-study, historical, analytical and performing methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time in domestic musicology, using of dynamics in flute music of the 18th century was considered. Learning instructions and rules that were analyzed in the research allows the modern musician to understand the logic of using dynamic nuances and apply the knowledge that has been gained in performing the practice. Conclusions. The study showed that in the music of the 18th century, in particular, the first half of it, a wide palette of dynamic nuances was used, although in musical texts dynamic marks were encountered infrequently. An analysis of ancient treatises has revealed the interrelation between dynamics and "events" occurring in the musical texture of the composition and embodied mainly with the help of harmony. By historical, theoretical works, the basic rules for the use of dynamics in 18th-century flute music were formulated.

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O toponimima u oporukama lovranskoga notarskog ureda iz druge polovice 18. stoljeća

Author(s): Ivana Nežić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2019

Documents from the Lovran Notary Office, which present a part of the Public Notaries in Rijeka and its surroundings collection, have been archived in the State Archives in Rijeka. They represent an extensive source of data for research into the history of Lovran, the Lovran surroundings and its neighbo­uring municipalities in the 18th and 19th centuries. At the same time, they also present very valuable linguistic resources. Previous research into the archival fund of the Lovran Notary Office from the second half of the 18th century has highlighted the great onymic wealth, which can primarily be found in testa­ments in Italian, as a stimulating source for different onomastic research. Sin­ce the anthroponymic material from 141 testaments written in Italian in the period from 1756 to 1796 has already been described, and since only a small part of the toponyms recorded in these testaments have been included in stu­dies on the contemporary toponymy of Lovran and the Lovran surroundings, the focus of this research paper is on the entire toponymic corpus contained in 150 testaments written in Croatian and Italian from the same time period. The paper presents the complete list and description of extracted oikonyms and microtoponyms, while an extensive microtoponymic corpus is divided by a motivational criterion as well as structural and formational criteria, in order to ultimately create an as complete as possible picture of the toponymy of the Lovran surroundings in the second half of the 18th century.

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Brukenthals Stiftung im Kontext des europäischen Stiftungswesens seiner Zeit

Author(s): Rupert Graf Strachwitz / Language(s): German Issue: _/2017

In der 1798 vorgelegten zweiten Auflage seiner „Metaphysik der Sitten“ hat Immanuel Kant – wohl auf Grund einer Rezension ausführlicher als in der ein Jahr zuvor erschienenen Erstauflage – kritisch zum Thema Stiftungen Stellung genommen: „Stiftungen, sobald sie einen gewissen, von dem Stifter nach seiner Idee bestimmten entworfenen Zuschnitt haben, können nicht auf ewige Zeiten fundiert und der Boden damit belästigt werden; sodann der Staat muß die Freiheit haben, sie nach dem Bedürfnisse der Zeit einzurichten.“

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Hermannstadt – Wien – Hermannstadt. Simon Baußners Gesandtschaftsreise durch das südöstliche Europa 1707

Author(s): Frank Michael Schuster / Language(s): German Issue: _/2018

Reisen war früher lange Zeit meist nicht Selbstzweck, sondern nur der Übergang zwischen Abreise und Ankunft. Fernreisen waren daher ohnehin vor allem den Reichen und Einflussreichen vorbehalten. Das hatte einen einfachen Grund: „Selbst wenn man einfach reiste, war Reisen teuer. Man musste ein Pferd mieten und füttern, hatte, wenn man Flüsse überqueren oder mautpflichtige Straßen benutzen wollte, Gebühren zu zahlen, dazu kamen Abgaben, die griesgrämige Zollbeamte oder Agenten von Adligen forderten – das konnte sehr wohl an Erpressung grenzen –, und nicht zuletzt waren in den Gasthäusern Kosten für Essen, Bett und Pferdestall zu begleichen.“

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Teštamenti lovranskog notarijata: pogled u svakodnevicu Lovranštine druge polovice 18. stoljeća

Author(s): Robert Doričić,Ivana Eterović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

Nell’Archivio di Stato di Fiume (Državni arhiv u Rijeci) si conservano i documenti della cancelleria notarile lauranese dalla seconda metà del Settecento, tra i quali spiccano i testamenti, ricchi dei dati contenuti. Sono proprio questi testamenti a rappresentare una fonte storica straordinaria per la ricerca della storia del territorio lauranese, specialmente per studiare la storia della vita quotidiana.Continuando la ricerca perenne del fondo della cancelleria notarile lauranese dalla seconda metà del 18° secolo, in quest’articolo viene presentata una parte dei beni mobili i quali sono contenuti nei testamenti scritti in italiano dal 1756 al 1796. Basati sulla descrizione dei vestiti, gioielli, mobili ed altri beni mobili, vengono presentati i frammenti della vita quotidiana dei residenti di Laurana ed i suoi dintorni nel periodo in questione.

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Devet oporuka iz lovranske kancelarije na hrvatskome jeziku iz 18. stoljeća pohranjenih u Državnome arhivu u Rijeci

Author(s): Ivana Eterović,Igor Eterović / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2012

In this article authors present nine testaments from the 18th century created in Lovran’s notary office, written in Latin script and in Croatian language. These testaments are stored in the State Archives in Rijeka, as a part of the still unexplored fund „Notaries of Rijeka and the Surrounding Area“. After a brief diplomatic description, the transcript and the transcription of the nine testaments are presented.Due to the multidimensional relevance of these sources, a combined historical‑philological method is applied in their presentation.

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Zamach na życie króla Szwecji Gustawa III w świetle polskojęzycznej prasy warszawskiej z 1792 roku

Author(s): Zbigniew Anusik,Małgorzata Karkocha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

In the article, the authors present issues related to the assassination of the Swedish king Gustav III at the masked ball at the Stockholm Opera on the night of March 16–17, 1792. The first part of the text briefly presents the figure and achievements of the king, who ruled in Sweden in the years 1771–1792. Gustav III went down in history as the author of two coups d’états – from 1772 and 1789. After the first, the “Age of Liberty” was completed in the history of Sweden. The second allowed the king to focus full power in his hands. In the last years of his life, the ruler of Sweden planned to organize a monarchist crusade against revolutionary France. His intentions were nullified by the coup of March 16, 1792. The second part of the article, based on reports from Warsaw press, presents the course of the attempt on the king’s life, the last moments of the ruler, his death and funeral ceremonies. The course of the investigation, trial and sentences for the king killers were also discussed. All in all, supplementing the press reports with findings of the literature on the subject, it was possible to obtain a relatively complete and not yet fully studied in Polish historical literature image of the issue indicated in the title.

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Skład osobowy i organizacja pracy Komisji Porządkowej Województwa Lubelskiego doby insurekcji kościuszkowskiej

Author(s): Kamil Jakimowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The aim of the article is to analyze the organizational forms and personnel composition of the Lublin Voivodeship Order Committee, which was the institution of territorial administration of the insurrection authorities in 1794. It indicates the circumstances of Lublin’s accession to the act of rising, the prevailing social and political moods, differences in attitudes, which is particularly important in the context of involvement of burghers representatives in the work of the commission. An important element was to determine how the changes taking place in the insurgent central administration affected the functioning of the local institution. The conducted research allowed to determine the solutions used by the commissioners in the face of several times occupied by Lublin by the Russian and Austrian armies.

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Powinności mieszkańców miasta Tykocin według inwentarza z 1772 roku

Author(s): Michał Sierba / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

This historical source edition refers to duties of people living in town Tykocin in Podlasie region. It is a fragment of inventory from 1772 which was written after the death of Tykocin owner – Jan Klemens Branicki. The edition is based on copy of document which was written in the municipal court register of Brańsk. This copy is stored in The Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw (AGAD) in collection Archiwum Roskie: Akta Majątkowo-Prawne with signature number 122. Mentioned duties refer to Christians and Jews living in Tykocin. In this fragment of inventory there were described duties paid in money, in nature or feudal services served by all kind of working groups. Edition also contains information about measures, order regulations, fairs in Tykocin.

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HRVATI U GRADIŠĆU I ZAPADNOJ MAĐARSKOJ U DJELIMA MATE UJEVIĆA

Author(s): Sanja Vulić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5/2012

Mate Ujević was one of the most prominent Croatian scientists. His works were much noted, and his views were incorporated into ensuing research. His especially noted work was his monograph Burgenland Croats from 1934. It was the very first synthetic type of book on the old north-western Croatian diaspora printed in Croatia. That is why in this paper, after reviewing all of his works on this diaspora, special attention is given to a comparison of the situation at the time of Ujević’s research and the situation during the last two decades. In this context some of Ujević’s misapprehensions and oversights, which were non-critically subsumed in later literature, are shown: an exaggeration of the influence of Kajkavian religious books of authors from Croatia (eg. the book of Juraj Mulih) on the language of north-western Croatian diaspora in the 18th century, the omission of Croatian villages around Körmend in south-western Hungary from geographical and linguistical maps, the thesis on the origin of Burgenland Croats Vlah’s, the misapprehension of the jekavski reflex of jat in Čakavian idioms in Burgenland and western Hungary, etc. Ujević’s observations and conclusions that are still valid are comparatively noted.

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USPOMENE VIŠKOG PUSTOLOVA ALVIŽA GENICEA (1770.–1841.)

Author(s): Ljerka Šimunković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2011

Alvise Geniceo (1770-1840) visse a cavallo tra Settecento e Ottocento. Nacque sull’isola di Vis nell’Adriatico centrale, ma poi soggiornò a lungo nelle maggiori città d’Europa, come Venezia, Vienna, Parigi, Napoli, Londra ecc. Figlio di un nobile possidente non troppo ricco, accumulò grandi ricchezze con speculazioni finanziarie e con il gioco d’azzardo. Le ricchezze e il titolo di conte gli assicurarono un’elevata posizione sociale. Presto divenne molto vicino alla corte d’Austria e quella di Napoli e fece molte amicizie tra principi e regnanti invitandoli a lauti banchetti e prestandoli anche dei soldi. Nel corso degli anni, dilapidò una buona parte delle proprie sostanze disperdendo il danaro in ricevimenti, divertimenti, donne, case, belle cose ecc. Così per i capricci della fortuna tutte le sue ricchezze svanirono nel nulla. Nella vecchiaia fece ritorno sull’isola natia, dove si spense quasi povero. Prima di morire compilò la storia della propria vita, intitolata Il lungo species facto, ove descrisse tutta la sua movimentata vita.

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Buccow-ellenes röpiratok Teleki Sámuel tékájában

Author(s): Örs Dóczy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2007

The study presents pamphlets against Adolf von Buccow in the library of Sámuel Teleki.

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II. Józsefhez intézett beadványok 1773. évi erdélyi látogatása során

Author(s): Krisztina Kulcsár / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2007

Joseph II is known as the ‘travelling emperor’. He not only travelled widely in Europe but took pains to acquaint himself personally with the various provinces of the Habsburg Monarchy. During the period of the co-regency (1765–1780), he visited the Grand Principality of Transylvania three times, in 1773, 1783 and 1786. Before he set out for these journeys, Joseph II announced that anyone could hand him a petition, and those which were signed would be looked into. His decree to such effect mobilized the Transyilvanian society in 1773. The emperor received an unexpectedly large number of petitions (Memoralien). Michael Conrad von Heidendorf, notary of Mediaș, estimated their number to be 19 000. On the basis of official documents to be found in the Hungarian National Archives, it can be established that the emperor received altogether 16 148 petitions during his Transylvania tour of 1773. These were handwritten Memoralien composed in Latin, German, Hungarian or Old Romanian. They provide an insight in the language usage, the language proficiency and the literacy levels of contemporary Transylvania. They also shed light on the type of issues that induced the emperor’s subjects to turn to their ruler for redress not to mention how the authorities dealt with these petitions, what solutions were proposed and what the emperor’s final decision was.

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Cores and Peripheries Reconsidered: Economic Development, Trade and Cultural Images in the Eighteenth-Century Habsburg Monarchy

Author(s): Klemens Kaps / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This article explores the relationship between economic development and the trans-regional division of labor in the eighteenth-century Habsburg Monarchy. Using world-systemic models and postcolonial approaches, I offer a critical revision of traditional narratives on the economic history of the Habsburg dominions as a point of departure for a reconsideration of regional disparities in the Habsburg dominions. I examine the relationship between the geopolitical power position of the Monarchy and the socioeconomic transformations towards proto-industries and commercial agriculture in the course of the eighteenth century, with a focus on trade as a major factor which affected the way in which domestic market formation and economic interregional entanglement influenced the emergence of a split between cores and peripheries in the Habsburg dominions. In the last part of the article, I examine the discourses and cultural images which shaped the political-institutional framework regulating these exchange relations. I observe that orientalist metaphors about the Eastern peripheries were a symptom of the way in which some policy instruments were designed in favor of the core areas over the peripheral regions.

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