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Articolul prezintă informații cu privire la tezaurul monetar din secolul al XVIII-lea descoperit la Drăgești Tătărăști (județul Bacău)
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Volume I of the monograph of Oświęcim contains a presentation of the history of the surrounding land and an analysis of cultural aspects of the city's functioning. At first the authors analyze changes in the boundaries and routes, and route names from the earliest times to the present, and then show the political history of the region, which repeatedly changed its national, administrative and diocesan affiliation. The second part of the volume discusses the development of architecture and art. in Oświęcim, including the most important monuments and silhouettes of the most eminent artists, as well as the development of education. Also, prominent figures from Oświęcim were presented. The volume closes with a calendar of the city's history.
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Volume I of the monograph of Oświęcim contains a presentation of the history of the surrounding land and an analysis of cultural aspects of the city's functioning. At first the authors analyze changes in the boundaries and routes, and route names from the earliest times to the present, and then show the political history of the region, which repeatedly changed its national, administrative and diocesan affiliation. The second part of the volume discusses the development of architecture and art. in Oświęcim, including the most important monuments and silhouettes of the most eminent artists, as well as the development of education. Also, prominent figures from Oświęcim were presented. The volume closes with a calendar of the city's history.
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Articolul prezintă date referitoare la proprietățile familiei Roset (Rosetti) la finalul secolului al XVIII-lea.
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The article considers the impact of Lithuanian national historiography initiator and literary reformer Simonas Daukantas (1793–1864) on the creative writings of Romualdas Granauskas (1939–2014); it analyzes the short story of the writer with the focus on his Jaučio aukojimas (1975). The analysis of Jaučio aukojimas shows that Granauskas was inspired by the historical works of Daukantas and used the concepts, expressions and motifs from his texts. Inspired by Daukantas, Granauskas used rhythm in a prosaic text.
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Based on the birth, marriage, and death records in the parish of St Tryphon in Kotor, the paper presents and analyses the key determinants of local demographic trends during the last Venetian-Ottoman war (1714-1718). To the extent permitted by the sources, the author has focused on the fluctuations in the number of births, marriages, and deaths in the pre-war, wartime, and post-war periods. Links between these numbers have been juxtaposed to the origins and professions of the persons involved and the results obtained from Kotor have been compared with the trends in Dubrovnik and Pula. These comparisons indicate that – although the Second Morean War was not fought in the immediate vicinity of Kotor – the war events had a considerable bearing on the town’s demographic trends. This is particularly evident in the mortality rate, which rose steeply when the war was most intense. Military migrations, that is, the arrival of soldiers in the town, also increased the biological potential of the population, which led to an increase in the marriage rate. These trends reveal Kotor’s military profile and show the soldiers (and their migrations) as an interesting social group.
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Das Ziel des Familiantengesetzes von 1726 war primär die staatliche Kontrolle über die Anzahl der jüdischen Bevölkerung. Seit dem Erscheinen meiner Miszelle, in der es um dessen Auswirkungen auf das Alltagsleben der böhmischen Juden und einen Einblick in die habsburgische Sozialgeschichte ging, haben sich neue Erkenntnisse und Fragestellungen ergeben. So macht Věra Leininger auf sich wiederholende Verordnungen zum Familiantengesetz aufmerksam, die auf dessen jeweilige Missachtung schließen lassen. Ähnliches stellen auch Philipp Lenhard und Martina Niedhammer fest. Jede Gesetzeslücke sei genutzt und kein finanzielles Opfer gescheut worden, um eine offizielle Heiratsgenehmigung zu erlangen.
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Nikolai Karamzin (1766-1826) is regarded as a key Russian writer and editor in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. His sentimentalist writings and his work as editor of two influential journals are well known, and have played an important role in the cultural transfer from Western Europe to Russia. His activity as an imperial historiographer is equally significant. His twelve-volume Istorija rossijskogo gosudarstva (1818-1829) is one of the first comprehensive, and also extremely influential, manifestations of an imperial view of Russian history. In terms of methodology and general orientation, Karamzin’s work relies heavily on existing models. Yet the ‘Istorija’ proves particularly innovative from another perspective. Unlike his predecessors, Karamzin sought to create a work whose basic ideas were easy to transmit. This included suitable language, images of their own history that were easy to grasp, and a prestige which enabled dissemination beyond their own linguistic and cultural region. Thus, from the first, the ‘Istorija’ was disseminated through numerous channels in the Russian Empire and beyond. This article presents a detailed investigation into the communicative dimension of translations of the ‘Istorija’ which have received little attention to date; including French, German and Polish versions. Besides contributing to the history of the 19th century Russian translation, this reveals the complex interplay between the communication within the Russian-speaking world and beyond.
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Vast unknown regions around the world were travelled and described by scholars in the course of the 18th and 19th centuries. In this paper, James Cook’s three South Pacific expeditions, the second Kamchatka Expedition (1733-1743) and the Academy Expedition (1768-1774) to Siberia will be discussed. One of the main objectives of these expeditions was the mapping of spaces, their cartographic measurement and description. In keeping with the “Age of Reason” the researchers and sailors made use of the most modern technology available in doing so. Wherever they were, whether on the high seas or in the wilderness of Siberia, they measured distances and their respective position, the location of cities, rivers and islands. The daily, sometimes several times daily recurring measurements transformed the vastness of space into a natural obstacle that needed to be mastered. And they clearly deceived themselves into thinking that they might reduce these distances by means of “daily logs”. They were convinced that the maps they drew or inspired represented spaces not that they had made but that they had merely measured.
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The study analyzes the forms of entertainment and diversions in the premodern Romanian society, from hunting and other warlike exercises – characteristic to the medieval world in the process of modernization – to more refined entertainment forms and modalities for spending the leisure time, such as princely rides to hermitages and monasteries, retirement to summer residences or participation at the grape harvest. These were the main amusements of a court society in the process of transformation in the 17th century. With the arrival of the Phanariotes and the Habsburgs to the Romanian countries, court life changed, and the warlike exercises and hunting regressed, their place gradually being taken by non-violent enjoyments: walks in the open air, rides to monasteries or to one’s estate, balls and court amusements. If hunting and warlike exercises declined, princely rides to monasteries and hermitages, to grape harvests – carriage rides on the highway, in the outskirts of the capitals under the Phanariote princes – or salon life, card-games, balls etc. remained favorite pastimes of the courts of Bucharest and Iaşi during all the modern age. As a way of entertainment, an opportunity for social contact and socialization, walks occupy a special place in the history of the modern leisure. These were therefore the entertainments and pastimes at the princely courts in this age, when, slowly, sensibilities were transformed, outlining that which was to become the modern leisure.
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With the French intellectuals of the XVIII century expressing that religion is merely the result of the ignorance of the masses and that religion will disappear completely with the development of education and technological advancement, since the 1970s, with the rise of the Islamic movement and the Islamic revolution in Iran political scientists have begun to talk about ‘religious renaissance’ in many parts of the World. In the light of these debates, terms such as the “politicization of religion” and the “religious character of politics” emerged. Religion continues to have a decisive influence on political life and political culture in many countries of the World, including countries where the majority of the population is irreligious. Religious symbolism exists as an integral part of the symbolism of states, political parties and public institutions. Taking into consideration that religious holidays are public holidays in many countries of the World; religious figures are part of the political elite of many countries; and general religious elements are observed in the oath of the senior officials after taking office the importance of this phenomenon remains controversial.
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Subiectul principal al studiului, cel în jurul căruia se ordonează toate ideile, este cariera medicală și politică a lui Apostol Arsaki (1783-1874), doctor în medicină și om politic de orientare conservatoare. Subiectul este și un bun pretext pentru a da chip evocărilor despre acest personaj: părinții, copilăria, lecturile formative, prietenii, reușitele și eșecurile etc. Astăzi Arsaki este mai cunoscut ca politician decât în calitate de medic. Pentru contemporani, era unul din cei mai de seamă latifundiari din țară și numai câțiva mari boieri – Filipescu, Crețulescu, Golescu, Ghica, Câmpineanu etc. – meritau să fie menționați alături de el. Reputația i-a fost sporită de actele caritabile făcute în România și Grecia și de acțiunea politică conservatoare.
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The trial deeds of the village of Rășinari against the Magistrate (Council) of the city of Sibiu were included in the volume of Transmissionales in Causa Possessionis Resinar contra Liberam Regiamque Civitatem Cibiniensem 1784, 1.318 pages. The comprehensive annexes of this volume, which contain all the documents that were significant for the history and possessory rights of Rășinari, start with the translation from „Wallachian” (Romanian) into Latin of two documents, that in the 18th century were considered to have a founding value: 1) cartea ocolniță of 1488, describing the reambulatio of the village boundaries between Rășinari and Cisnădie, „the big neighbours”; 2) the extract from an act of donation from 1383, when certain estates were donated to the Saint Paraschiva’s Church of Rășinari. Our debate concerns the Latin version of both Romanian documents, as well as the importance granted in the 18 th century to these documents, that were used during the above mentioned process.Our edition of documents, published ‒ most of them ‒ for the first time in Latin transcription and Romanian translation, includes, besides those mentioned from 1488 and 1383, further important trial deeds, imperial diplomas, remissional and transmissional letters, tables and conscriptions, ending with the summary index of the volume Transmissionales from Rășinari.The documentary annexes of this edition comprise the following documents:1.1. [Rășinari,] 22 May 1488. Cartea ocolniță, translated from Romanian into Latin;1.2. [Rășinari,] 7 January 1383. Extract from the act of donation, in Latin translation from Romanian;2.1. Sibiu, 4 June 1773. Letter of testimony, in Latin translation, about the cartea ocolniță found on 5 June 1755 by mason master Johannes Drotlich in the Church of Saint Paraschiva from Rășinari;2.2. Sibiu, 4 June 1773. The German original of Drotlich’s testimony;3. [Rășinari, 1781.] Mention of the topographical map, showing the village borders of Rășinari;4. [Sadu, 30 December 1776.] Questions no. 1-3 and 8 of the examination of witnesses from 1776-1777, regarding the possessory rights of Rășinari;5. [Sadu, 30 December 1776.] Tănase Oancea’s testimony about the village borders of Rășinari and about the cartea ocolniță found when the old church was demolished;6. [Sadu, 30 December 1776.] The testimony of the Greek-Catholic archpriest Nicolae Pop from Sadu, who ‒ as trustee and archpriest of the above mentioned great church in Rășinari ‒ had transmitted to his bishop Petru Pavel Aron the book discovered by Saxon masons in the church foundation, cartea ocolniță.7.1. Sibiu, 22 October 1467. The remissional letter of king Mathias Corvinus, who sold for 250 florins the possession of Rășinari to the city inhabitants from Sibiu, diploma copied in the volume Transmissionales ...;7.2. Sibiu, 22 October 1467. The same remissional letter, reproduced in Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Deutschen in Siebenbürgen, vol. VI (1981);8. [Rășinari/Sibiu, 1784]. Copy of the certificate, in which the villagers from Rășinari apparently „admit” that they never had a genuine border letter, like cartea ocolniță;9.1. Sibiu, November 1700. The document, entitled Miseria et Status Pagorum Poplak, Roschinar, Michelsberg, Helthau, Czod, Vesten, Moichen ex Commissione Illustrissimi Domini Domini Johannis Sachs ab Hartenek Comitis et Consulis Saxonum in Transsilvania (Misery and State of the Villages Poplaca, Răşinari, Cisnădioara, Cisnădie, Sadu, Veştem, Mohu, [investigated] by command of Honourable Johann Sachs von Harteneck, Count of the Saxons in Transylvania and Consul [Mayor] of Sibiu), includes a description of Rășinari in 1700, in which the village lands and its council of 40 Old Men (quadraginta seniorum viratus) are also mentioned;9.2. Rășinari, November 1700. Conscription table with the names, state and age of the villagers, the number of their cows, sheep, cattle, their taxes, contributions, interests and debts;9.3. Rășinari, November 1700. Conscription table with the names and age of the fugitives from Rășinari, including their refugee places and the goods taken with them;9.4. Rășinari, November 1700. Collective answers of the villagers, responding to the instruction inquiry, as regards the village’s rights of possession;9.5. Sibiu, 1750. From the fiscal conscription of Transylvania, the descriptions of the settlements Cisnădioara, Rășinari, and Sibiu are presented;10. [Sibiu, 5 February 1784.] Deliberation (Deliberatum) of the Transylvanian Gubernium, regarding the 7 complaints exposed by the village community from Rășinari against the Magistrate (Council) of the city of Sibiu, analysed in virtue of several documents presented by both litigant parties;11. Sibiu, 5 February 1784. Decision (Deliberatum) of the Transylvanian Gubernium, in the process of the village Rășinari against the Sibiu Magistrate, followed by the revision of the procedural acts, that were being sent to the Supreme Court of Justice to Vienna;12. [Sibiu, 5 February 1784.] Table with the expedition and decision taxes of 164 florins, spent for sending the procedural acts to Vienna;13. [Rășinari/Sibiu, after 5 February 1784.] Index of the transmissional register, containing the acts of the reconventional process between the village community of Rășinari and the Magistrate of Sibiu, elaborated considering the appeal made to the Supreme Court of Justice in Vienna.
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The II marquis of la Mine was one of the Spanish officers most admirable in the Century of the Enlightenment who is still unknown in the European historiography. His most splendid military career started during the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1713), later he participated in every Spanish military conflict in the first half of the 18th century. In 1754, he was appointed as a Captain General of a Spanish army and as a head of a Real Court of Catalonia. He died without descendents in 1767 in Barcelona.
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Review of: Dorin-Ioan Rus: Wald- und Ressourcenpolitik im Siebenbürgen des 18. Jahrhunderts. (Neue Forschungen zur ostmittel- und südosteuropäischen Geschichte, Bd. 9.) Peter Lang Edition. Frankfurt am Main 2017. 460 S., Ill. ISBN 978-3-631-69865-5. (€ 74,95.). Reviewed by Rudolf Gräf.
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Scopul prezentării noastre este de a analiza multiplele aspecte ale moșitului în spațiul ardelean. Studiul nostru se bazează pe prelucrarea informațiilor furnizate de memorialistica elitei nobiliare și burgheze din secolul al XVIII-lea, pe literatura medicală, precum și pe actele juridice ale orașului Cluj. Dorim să analizăm în detaliu arhetipul moașei, relația dintre vindecătorii laici și cei profesioniști, dintre personalul sanitar feminin și masculin, precum și sferele unde cele două profesii, cea de moașă și chirurg, se întâlnesc. Vom prezenta spațiul privat și eminamente feminin al camerei de naștere, dar și forul judiciar, lumea experților care contribuiau la rezolvarea cazurilor ce vizau criminalitatea feminină.
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The author proves that the 1991-93 Serbian aggression against Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina is not unintentional, but the result of planned preparations and an expansionist policy which Serbia has been leading for almost two centuries with the fundamental wish to unite all Serbs and thus create a Greater Serbia. This is substantiated by numerous documents, plans and maps made by Serbian politicians, but also intellectuals, and even the Church. Amongst them the most important role is attributed to D.Obradović, V.Karadžić, I.Garašanin, N.Pašić, S.Milošević and others, while among the manifestos of Serbian expansion the central position is held by I.Garašanin's Načertanije from 1844 and the Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Science from 1986.
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Volume II of the monograph of Oświęcim contains the history of the city. It has been divided into two parts devoted to the systemic changes, spatial and economic development and religious life. The authors discuss the meaning of the name of the city, its districts and streets, and the history of the city’s coat of arms. They present the results of archaeological research and the history of the city from the earliest times until the early years of the People’s Republic of Poland. A separate chapter is devoted to the history of the Oświęcim Jews. The second part discusses, among other things, locations of church buildings, religious orders operating in Oświęcim, as well as outstanding figures of religious life, which contributed to the development of the city.
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Volume I of the monograph of Oświęcim contains a presentation of the history of the surrounding land and an analysis of cultural aspects of the city's functioning. At first the authors analyze changes in the boundaries and routes, and route names from the earliest times to the present, and then show the political history of the region, which repeatedly changed its national, administrative and diocesan affiliation. The second part of the volume discusses the development of architecture and art. in Oświęcim, including the most important monuments and silhouettes of the most eminent artists, as well as the development of education. Also, prominent figures from Oświęcim were presented. The volume closes with a calendar of the city's history.
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This study has the aim of examining Cserey’s change of opinion as a result of his personal experience with the bishop Mártonffy. His letters written to the well-known grammatist and writer Ferenc Kazinczy can be tracked down as the evidences of his very subjective point of view when characterizing. This method of presenting Mártonffy to Kazinczy has no effect at all on the way this latter thinks of the bishop. As a matter of fact, the opposite point of view seems to live on in Kazinczy’s remembrance. Mártonffy is a person in Cserey’s mind, who takes abuse of his power, spends the money of the Church for his purposes, and hinders the development of the cultural life in Transylvania. In the process of searching for an answer we found evidences which show us a positive picture of the same person. Still Cserey’s presentation about Mártonffy can be taken as a true one, because it reflects his personal confrontation with authority and power in the person of József Mártonffy.
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