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Развој еколошке парадигме – од школе ка природи

Author(s): Zorica Stanisavljević-Petrović,Slađana Anđelković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2012

This work contemplates on the possibility of the development of the ecological paradigm through the process of learning in authentic natural environments. The support to the development of the ecological paradigm is given by the current reformatory processes in schools that increasingly promote the openness of schools and the transfer of the stuffy process into informal environments, natural and social surroundings. Natural surroundings are filled with new challenges and comprise a challenging environment for students where they can explore, experiment, realize the relationships between objects and occurrences in nature. Authentic natural surroundings are a new kind of lecturing situation where they are given a chance for situational, cooperative and studying through experience. Being in touch with nature has effect on the cognitive, affective and psychomotoric development of the students, also on the building of a new kind of attitude towards nature based on the interconnection and mutual condicionality. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 179060: Modeli procenjivanja i strategije unapređivanja kvaliteta obrazovanja u Srbiji i br. 179074: Tradicija, modernizacija i nacionalni identitet u Srbiji i na Balkanu u procesu evropskih integracija]

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Разлике у фертилитету становништва између градских и осталих насеља Србије

Author(s): Uroš Živanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 10/2013

The aim of this paper is to investigate fertility levels and changes in reproductive behavior of the population in urban and other settlements in Serbia. The fact is that there are significant differences in the level of actual fertility, depending on their place of residence. Therefore, the analysis included a long series of statistical data fertility by type of settlements for the period after the Second World War, with the idea to establish the extent to which different socio-historical circumstances and directions of development influenced the different reproductive behavior between studied populations. It started with the assumption that such a comparative approach research fertility can contribute to a better understanding of the many factors that affect the fertility level. Disproportions arising under certain regularities can be more clearly understood through an analysis of the achieved level of fertility among different population groups. What characterizes the analyzed time period is continuous decline in fertility. Today in Serbia (excluding Kosovo and Metohija) the total fertility rate is far below the level needed for generation replacement.

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Распределение 137Cs в организме зайца-русака, обитающего на территории с различной плотностью радиоактивного загрязнения

Author(s): A. V. Gulakov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2009

The long-term data on accumulation and distribution of the radionuclide 137Cs in an organism of the brown hare obtained from the territories of various levels of radioactive pollution are presented. Essential fluctuations of the radionuclide content in the hare’s organs and tissues are shown. Results of the research have an important practical value for the hunting facilities at the radioactive polluted territories.

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РЕАКЦИЯ КАРЕЛЬСКОЙ БЕРЕЗЫ НА ВНЕСЕНИЕ АЗОТНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ

Author(s): Elena V. Novichonok,Vladislava B. Pridacha,Nadezdha N. Nikolaeva,Diana S. Ivanova,Tatiana A. Sazonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8 (177)/2018

The hypothesis that the formation of the figured pattern in Karelian birch wood is related to excess sucrose in the conducting phloem and cambial zone of the trunk highlights the significance of soil fertility in this process. The present studies were conducted on Karelian birch plants grown under two different regimes of nitrogen treatment (0 and 40 g N tree-1). The fertilization resulted in an increase in leaf area and the above ground to below ground biomass ratio. The development of water stress, probably due to the combined effect of nitrogen treatment and atmospheric drought, is prevented through a decrease in stomatal conductance and transpiration rate. At the same time, there is a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis, which leads to a decrease in the amount of produced sucrose. In this regard, we assume that the nitrogen treatment of the soil will have a negative impact on figured wood formation in Karelian birch.

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Реакції рослин конюшини на забруднення ґрунту солями цинку

Author(s): H. M. Denchilja-Sakal,V. I. Nikolaychuk,A. V. Kolesnik,M. М. Vakerich / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

It is studied the influence of zinc ions on growth, weight, and pigment system state of leaves of Trifolium pratense L. It is revealed that the root development of seedlings is suppressed more than above-ground parts. It is shown that under tenfold excess of MAC the leaves area decreased by 65–70 %in comparison with the control. It is ascertained the regularities of accumulation and distribution of zinc in the clover organs. It was found that with increasing concentration of the element in soil, its concentration in the plant grows to a certain extent, but under low concentrations it increases linearly. Thus, under the concentrations of zinc in soil (1, 5 and 10 MAC) its content in the roots increases 2–3 times and in the above-ground parts – by 1.5–2 times.

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Реакція мікробіоти ґрунту на дію важких металів у зоні впливу залізничного транспорту

Author(s): N. Bobryk,M. V. Kryvtsova,V. Nikolajchuk,I. Voloshchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2016

Monitoring research on the areas intensively and continuously affected by technogenic loading has remained topical until nowadays. The soil as a basic component of many ecosystems, including the structure of its microbial cenoses, remains an informative index of a system’s overall stability. The areas affected by railway transport have been scarcely studied. Due to the above, the aim of this work has been to establish the transformation regularities of soil microbial cenoses of territories close to railways and to establish the groups of microorganisms that are a sensitive criterion of technogenic vehicular influence. For the purpose of microbiological research, soil samples were taken at different distances from the railway track (0, 25, 50, 100 and250 m) within five monitoring sections of the Tchop – Uzhhorod – Sambor railway (in the territory of Zakarpatska oblast). The number of ecological trophic groups was identified by means of inoculation on nutrient media using the method of serial dilution of soil suspensions. The research showed that in all types of soils that were adjacent to railway tracks, the number of ammonifiers and spore microbiota was high due to the high content of heavy metals (beyond the background levels). Besides, the bacterial microflora on beef-extract agar was characterized by homogeneity with domination of enteric bacteria and spore bacteria. Simultaneously, the numbers of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, micromycetes, oligonitrophils, amylolytic and pedotrophic microflorae were shown to be low compared to the control. Farther from the railway track, pigmental species of bacteria appeared in the soil samples, attesting to the activity of self-purification processes. Correlation analysis of the data showed that the soil microbiota of the railway-side areas was undergoing changes as affected by heightened contents of heavy metals. Existence of medium and close connections was established between the number of microorganisms of ecological trophic groups and the content of acid-soluble lead forms at the levels of 0.72–1.72 maximum permissible concentrations. It was the nitrogen-fixing microorganisms and microscopic fungi that showed a fast response to heavy metals, which was an indication of their possible use as indicators of the ecological state of technogenically transformed soils.

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РЕГИОНАЛНИ АСПЕКТИ РАЗВОЈА ОПШТИНЕ ЉИГ

Author(s): Branka Tošić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2006

This paper contains basic characteristics of the geographic location of the municipality of Ljig also including the analysis and estimation of its traffic position. The estimation of the socio-economic position includes the development level of the municipality in the wider surroundings, while the demographic and economic indicators are also included as well as the indicators of common area equipment. The estimation was included by the complex analysis of the location according to geographic regionalization of Serbia, geo morphological conditions, meso-regional position and a transportation system representation (highway traffic arteries – major, regional, local). Nevertheless, the fact about the construction of planned Belgrade-South Adriatic Highway which should go by the center of the municipality has been especially emphasized as well as the fact on the possible suitable and unsuitable consequences this road could have on the further development and gravitational connections. Administrative regionalization of the Republic has served as a basis for the estimation of the socio-economic indicators since the data were given for the municipalities in the District of Kolubara and neighbouring ones. The economic indicators, which are general and mostly used in the regional geography (per capita income, employment and their structure) have shown lower values when compared with the surrounding area and thus they have confirmed the insufficient valorization of the geographic location and natural potentials for the municipal development.

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РЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ КАК ФОРМА КОЛЛЕКТИВНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ И ЕЕ СТРУКТУРА

Author(s): Elena Valentinova Golovneva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

This paper deals with the consideration of theoretical model of regional identity and characterization of cognitive, axiological, emotional and regulative components in its structure. The defined components are considered to be the ways of description and creating of the regional identity. A specific attention is being paid to peculiarities of regional identity as a form of collective identity on base of characterization of structural components of this phenomenon.

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РЕЗУЛЬТАТ 60-ЛЕТНЕГО ОПЫТА УНИКАЛЬНЫХ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПОСАДОК ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ

Author(s): Yuri B. Glazunov,Mihail D. Merzlenko,Svetlana L. Lobova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8 (169)/2017

The results of the comparative study on the growth of the four larch proveniences in geographic cultures of 60 years old on the territory of the Forest Experimental Garden of the Russian State Agrarian University (Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy), including Scottish form of Larix decidua, Polish subspecies of L. decidua, L. sibirica and L. broad-scaly (L. decidua and L. kaempferi hybrid) are presented. The range of coverage of the geographical location of the most distanced provenience is more than 5.5 thousand km. It is established that the Polish larch takes a leading place in growth according to the complex growth indicators. The larch is somewhat inferior to it;it is a broad and scaly hybrid. The Siberian larch is significantly slower in its growth. The Scottish form of European larch slightly exceeds the Siberian larch by the height and stem diameter, though it has a noticeably higher density of the stand. At the same time, the presence of the large proportion (27 %) of shrinking trees in Scottish larch provenience, which is significantly higher than in other provinces, suggests that the thinning process might occur in this population in the nearest future, thus bringing it closer to the aggregate growth indicators of Siberian larch. The Polish larch, which gives high rates of growth and productivity when planted in the middle belt of European Russia, is a promising breed for artificial reforestation. The range of the natural spread of the Polish larch species enters the region of the optimum in the area of the genus Larix.

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РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО СБОРУ ОСНОВНОЙ ФАУНЫ ТРУПА НА МЕСТЕ ЕГО ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ

Рекреаційна трансформація трав’яного ярусу лісів урбоекосистем Центрального Поділля

Author(s): O. I. Blinkova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2017

This article examines the impact of recreational activities on herbaceous cover of forests on the example of an urban environment in Central Podolia. The features of changes in environmental conditions of ecotypes of an urban forest have been shown through the systematic, biomorphological and ecomorphic structure of the herbaceous cover, the ratio of ecological groups, changes in type of ecological strategy of species, assessment of ecological fractions valences, and phytodiversity. We found 78 species of vascular plants. The most diverse families are Asteraceae, Poaceae and Lamiaceae. The biomorphological range of phytodiversity of the intensive recreational zone is characterized by a high proportion of adventive and ruderal species, dominance of vegetative mobile species, forming of monodominant groups and disturbed distribution of all spectrum types for coenotic morphs. Perennial hemicryptophytes dominate in the spectrum of life forms. The share of therophytes increased along the gradient of recreational transformation. Unrosellate herbal plants dominate in the structure of aboveground shoots and leaf placement, plants that don’t have special modifications dominate in the structures of underground shoots. Helophytes dominated in the analysis of heliomorphic plants. Mesophytes dominated almost everywhere. The share of hydrocontrastophobes increased with a gradual removal from places of recreation. Changes in acidomorphic and nitromorphic structures of plants were not found. Types of transitional groups of ecological strategies, including CR-, CS-, and CRS-strategies prevailed. The share of patiens diminished. Exsplerents from all types of primary ecological strategies dominated. Analysis of ecological valence fractions showed that species of hemi-euryvalent and euryvalent fractions dominate among hydromorphes, hemi-euryvalent species dominate among ecogroups of scale variability humidification of soil, hemystenovalences species dominate among trophomorphes. Euryvalenct fractions were absent in soil aeration ecogroups. The overall measure of phytodiversity is at its maximum in the zone of weak recreational transformation.

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РЕЛИГИОЗНАЯ СТОРОНА САХАЛИНСКОЙ МЕНТАЛЬНОСТИ

Author(s): K.M. Tovbin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5-6/2015

On the basis of the methodology of the traditionalist school the author analyzes the religious component of Sakhalin mentality. The confessions, composing the spiritual field of Sakhalin region, for convenience can be divided into traditional, traditionally-oriented and innovatory (in their turn they can be divided into modernist and post-modernist). The traditional confessions realize mental penetration into the living environment. The modernist ones, on the other hand, have a propensity to escaping from this penetration; the post-modernist confessions move to the virtual space rich in an illusory semiotic content substituting the ontological analogs. The Sakhalin religious organizations are approximately divided into these categories. On the base of this classification, generalizing his own experience of theoretical and practical studies, the author builds a specific vision of Sakhalin mentality and concludes about the spiritual condition and the possibilities of the future development of Sakhalin.

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РЕСТОРАННА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ У КОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ СУЧАСНОЇ ЕКОКУЛЬТУРИ

Author(s): Maryna Bratitsel / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 35/2019

The purpose of the article is to identify the influence of the activities of restaurant facilities on the formation and development of ecological culture and environmental awareness of visitors. The research methodology is based on modern culturological concepts, which are based on an interdisciplinary and integrated approach. To study the specifics of the development of modern ecological culture, a socio-ecological and cultural approach has been applied. Methods of systems analysis, generalization of the theory and practice of introducing environmental principles, as well as modeling the development of environmental culture and increasing environmental awareness contributed to understanding the mechanisms for implementing the principles of the modern eco-cultural concept in the practice of the restaurant industry institutions.

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РЕСУРСНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ПОЙМЕННЫХ ЛУГОВ АРХАНГЕЛЬСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Author(s): Tat'yana A. Parinova,Aleksei G. Volkov,Anna A. Perkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (172)/2018

The article presents the analysis of the resource potential of floodplain meadows from various administrative regions of Arkhangelsk region. Studies are based on the data from 197 geobotanical descriptions of 100 m2 trial plots. We have established a range of ecological conditions for the formation of floodplain meadows along ecological gradient scales. The result is presented as an indirect ordination using the method of non-metric scaling. The moistening of soils is a leading factor in the formation of floodplain meadows in comparison with the richness of soils and pasture digression. In total, we detected 251 species of vascular plants from 48 families and 139 genera. Meadow species of plants have different indices of phytocenotic significance (for all species of the general floral list and for individual regions). The foxtail meadow is the absolute leader for all areas. The taxonomic floristic analysis showed the coincidence of only two families in the spectra of the general floral list and the flora of the entire region. All types of plants are divided into categories: medicinal, decorative, tanning, dyeing, technical, cultivated, honey, food, forage, weed and poisonous species. We have identified areas with a massive spread of poisonous species (Kholmogorskii, Primorskii districts) with weeds of small-stalked herbs (Verkhnetoemskii, Krasnoborskii, Pinezhskii districts), and with coarse-grained species (Pinezhskii, Primorskii districts). Grass stands of highest quality are located in Plesetskiy region.

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РЕТРОСПЕКТИВНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПАРКІВ ІРПЕНЯ XX СТОЛІТТЯ В КОНТЕКСТІ ІСТОРИЧНОЇ, СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНОЇ ТА РЕКРЕАЦІЙНОЇ ЦІННОСТІ МІСТА

Author(s): Iryna Shvets,Svitlana Palamarchuk,Olena Stanislavivna Podvolotska,Andriy Kulik / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of the article is to conduct a retrospective analysis and generalize information about the parks of Irpin, including their location, size, historical aspects of establishment and development, planning structure, current state and composition of greenery, importance for the city and the level of socio-cultural needs of modern society; formulating conclusions on the prospects of their preservation and optimization. Methodology. The study of the historical aspects and current state of Irpin parks (retrospective analysis) was established during 2019-2021. Field and analytical methods were used, in particular, most of the historical information about the formation and development of parks was obtained from scientific literature sources and archival materials, and the assessment of the current state was carried out as a result of own route surveys. The scientific novelty is to reveal the need to study the Irpin parks, as important centers of historical, socio-cultural and recreational value, in the context of their protection and preservation under the conditions of powerful modern urban transformation of the city. In addition, for the first time in decades, a retrospective analysis of five Irpin parks was conducted, and the collected material was grouped in one publication, which is important for current and future research. Conclusions. A retrospective analysis of five parks in Irpin was carried out, in particular: Volodymyr Pravyk City Park; Dubky City Park of Culture and Recreation; Victory Park; Mikhail Stelmakh Park; Park of Heroes. The study found that the founding of these parks dates back to the twentieth century, respectively, today they represent a significant historical, socio-cultural and recreational value of the city, continuing to exist fully. However, in the process of adaptation to modern needs of society under the influence of constant urban transformation of the city, currently characterized by significant changes in planning structure and functional zoning, elements of landscaping, the composition of greenery, including cultivated dendroflora. Given these changes, it is extremely important to take care of the preservation of parks (territorial integrity and cultural dendroflora), which can be achieved through the widespread promotion of parks among local residents, reconstruction (fragmentary or complex) to maintain the proper condition of parks and their compliance with the requirements of modern society. It was established that the establishment of these parks was carried out in the twentieth century, so today they are a significant historical, socio-cultural and recreational value of the city, continue to exist fully.

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Рехмерная структура почвы в области пороя слепыша (spalax microphthalmus)

Author(s): T. М. Konovalova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2011

The pedoturbation activity of the soil-dwelling mammals results in the complicated spatial soil structure with combined mechanically stable dense soil and the soil mass of low density. Such organization of the soil body has useful combination of the soil properties. The prolonged effect of the mammals’ pedoturbation activity is positive for different constituents of an ecosystem: soil animals, microorganisms and plants.

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РЕЦ. НА КН.: МАРКОВСКАЯ Е. Ф., ШМАКОВА Н. Ю. РАСТЕНИЯ И ЛИШАЙНИКИ ЗАПАДНОГО ШПИЦБЕРГЕНА: ЭКОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ

Author(s): Nadezhda P. Chernobrovkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3 (172)/2018

Review of: Chernobrovkina N. P. - Марковская Е. Ф., Шмакова Н. Ю. Растения и лишайники Западного Шпицбергена: экология, физиология / Е. Ф. Марковская, Н. Ю. Шмакова ; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, федер. гос. бюджет. учреждение науки Полярно-альпийский ботан. сад-ин-т им. Н. А. Аврорина, федер. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреждение высш. образования Петрозавод. гос. ун-т. – Петрозаводск : Изд-во ПетрГУ, 2017. – 270 с.

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Рецензия на монографию А. Е. Пахомова, О. Н. Кунах «Функціональне різноманіття ґрунтової мезофауни заплавних степових лісів в умовах штучного забруднення середовища»

Author(s): A. V. Ivashov,V. В. Pyshkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2006

А. Е. Пахомов и О. Н. Кунах известны как авторы интересных оригинальных работ по экологии и натурологии почвообитающих позвоночных и беспозвоночных в лесных биогеоценозах центрального Приднепровья. В рецензируемой монографии ими обобщены результаты эколого-токсикологических исследований влияния различных доз токсикантов (никеля и свинца) на основные группы почвенных беспозвоночных, а также их видового, таксономического и экологического разнообразия в природных условиях и в условиях экспериментального загрязнения почв тяжелыми металлами.

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Розвиток екологічного мислення як необхідна умова екологічної інкультурації особистості

Author(s): Marina Skladanovskaya / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2011

The article examines the substantive aspect of the concept of "ecological thinking" and its significance in environmental inculturation of the individual.

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Розвиток трофічної складової консортивних зв’язків синявців (lepidoptera, lycaenidae) із salvia nutans (lamiaceae)

Author(s): K. K. Goloborodko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2008

On the basis of dummy individual consortia of Salvia nutans L. an important component of fertilization mechanism – the dynamics of trophic relations of antophylus agents with an entomophilous angiosperm autotroph was investigated. The dominant position in species structure of fertilizers in conditionally native steppe ecosystems is occupied by relict Tomaresnogelidobrogensis Car.

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