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The Phenomenon of Violence Against Women and Girls in Albania

Author(s): Valbona Muca / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the social services provided to girls and women victims of domestic violence, based on the practices implemented in the non-public and public sector through this sector's representatives' representatives. The group of subjects included in the study consists of representatives of the Ministry of Social Welfare and Youth, local government, and non-profit social centers for girls and women - victims of violence and the center's beneficiaries. Qualitative ethnographic methods were used to conduct this study. One of the most important findings of this study was that the primary need of raped girls and women is to provide shelter to guarantee a safe place with their children. Also, the findings of this study show that non-public social services for girls and women-victims of domestic violence are limited and very deficient. The lack of some services and their lack of coordination does not meet the needs of the subjects. From 2013-2019, the cases of denouncing domestic violence have increased because the state and non-profit organizations have played an essential role in raising their awareness. A vital contribution of this study is the relevant recommendations to improve social services for this target group.

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The Digitalization of Personnel Recruiting in Romania During the COVID-19 pandemic

Author(s): Valentina Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The existing literature argued that online recruitment is the future, assessing that online interviews will be appreciated by both recruiters and candidates. The central aim of the paper is to analyze the changes made possible by the COVID-19 pandemic in the recruitment process. The research method used in this article was the individual interviews made on a sample of six former candidates for a job who made an online interview in the last year and four recruiters from Human Resources companies. Three research hypotheses were tested in the research project and only two were confirmed by the data. The results showed that candidates who apply for certain positions prefer that the recruitment interviews be conducted via the Internet because they consider that as an easily accessible means. On the other hand, the results stressed the fact that recruiters declared that they prefer to make face-to-face interviews, the argument for this option being that offline interviews allowed them to create a connection with the candidates and enabled them to analyze the non-verbal behaviors of the candidates. As regards the future of recruiting this is uncertain now and only the passing of time could tell us if the digitalization will succeed or not.

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SOITU D., MATEI, A. COORD. (2021). INGRIJIREA DE LUNGĂ DURATĂ. PRACTICI, MĂSURI, POLITICI

Author(s): Carmen Palaghia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Soitu D., Matei, A. coord. (2021). Ingrijirea de lungă durată. Practici, măsuri, politici, „A. I. Cuza” University of Iasi Publishing House, 202 p.

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IN QUEST OF WELFARE. A COMPREHENSIVE COMMENTARY

Author(s): CIPRIAN I. BĂDESCU,Ilie Bădescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Review of: IN QUEST OF WELFARE. A COMPREHENSIVE COMMENTARY (on Zamfir, Elena (coord.), II. Voicu, Mălina (coord.), III. Stănescu, Simona Maria (coord.), Politici sociale în România după 30 de ani. Așteptări și răspunsuri” (Social policies in Romania in the last 30 years. Expectations and Answers, Editura Academiei, 2020)

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EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES: PROSPECTS OF DISTANCE LEARNING

Author(s): Svetlana GHEORGHIEVA / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Correction and re-education of a convict in prisons is possible through the education system, where it is necessary to choose the appropriate technology and the most important is the auxiliary role of the computer in the learning process Distance education, using the capabilities of information and communication technologies of education, provides a fundamentally new level of accessibility of education while maintaining its quality by creating a mobile educational environment and reducing unit costs per student in comparison with traditional systems Both motivational and intellectual readiness of convicts for the learning process using IT are important conditions in the training process of convicts.

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SOCIAL WORKERS' PERCEPTION OF AI'S INFLUENCE ON THE ROMANIAN SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

Author(s): Răducu Răzvan Dobre / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The social assistance system is built in Romania largely on public institutions. The integration of AI solutions in the public sector is in its infancy, but the importance of digitizing some administrative functions cannot be overlooked. The challenges posed by AI can impact both social workers and beneficiaries. The threat of full AI substitution of social assistance attributions is not received by most respondents. Generating applications and validating the payment of social benefits can be the solution given by technology. Preserving the importance of social work does not mean conservatism, but adaptation to the new determined and AI.

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SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION AND SOCIAL WORKERS’ CONTINUING EDUCATION DEMAND

Author(s): Ana-Maria Dumitrescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Over the last century, social work has spent a lot of time justifying itself as an independent professional field but the pandemic period has intensified and diversified the social problems and created new vulnerable groups, so that practitioners have had to become more responsive to the community and to its current needs. In this context, social workers need continuing professional development. On the one hand, through high quality academic education – the stimulation of a continuous dialogue with academics staff in order to learn new theory, intervention methods and techniques, and on the other hand through social education - a lifelong process, similar in part to the empowerment because the individual constantly exercises and refines skills, particularly social skills. Given this context, the aim of this study is to identify the range of problems faced by practitioners in the field of practice and also the knowledge that professionals and students need, and last but not least, the set of skills that are needed for the purpose of meeting the demands of employers. Therefore, the present study is based on a theoretical framework and the analysis was carried out through qualitative research methods, using the method of focus group. The group was attended by specialists working in the field of social work, from various institutions in Argeș County, and academics from a Social Work program. This method wanted to stimulate the discussion and exchange of ideas necessary to maintain the connection between theory and field practice, to expand the curriculum according to the interests of specialists in the social welfare system and to support the continuing education. The results of the study reveal that there is a need for more flexibility in social work curriculum in order to meet the current demands of society, the organization of professional development workshops and the provision of continuing education opportunities throughout the career of all social welfare professionals. We also need to create and disseminate innovative forms of social work practice, theory and research so that we can build more types of continuing education opportunities and provide them to practitioners throughout their careers.

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THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL POLICIES ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES: A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF MAYORS AND SOCIAL WORKERS' PERSPECTIVES

Author(s): Gabriela Motoi,Alexandrina Mihaela Popescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This study explores the perceptions of mayors and social workers on the effectiveness of social policies at the local level, with a focus on policy implementation and community impact. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to a diverse sample of local government officials and social workers. The study aims to assess how these key stakeholders evaluate current social policies, the challenges they face in implementation, and the gaps between policy design and practice. Results indicate significant differences in how mayors and social workers perceive policy effectiveness, with mayors often emphasizing resource constraints while social workers focus on operational inefficiencies. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the barriers to successful policy implementation at the local level and suggest several practical recommendations for policymakers to improve outcomes. This research highlights the need for more collaborative approaches between local governments and social service providers to enhance the effectiveness of social policies.

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ORIENTATION OF SOCIAL DOMINANCE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PEOPLE WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Author(s): Mitérand LIENOU,Henri Rodrigue NJENGOUE NGAMALEU / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The increase in the number of people with intellectual disabilities further creates more or less satisfactory interactions between them and the population. Previous research has shown that this contact leads to negative attitudes toward them. This study aims to verify whether attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities vary depending on the orientation of social dominance. The results obtained from two hundred students from the University of Yaoundé in Cameroon show that the orientation of social dominance predicts negative effects, cognitions, and behaviors adopted towards the persons living with intellectual disabilities. Individuals who score high on the portrait social dominance orientation and/or pro trait anti-egalitarianism orientation of social dominance, develop tension, disgust, fear, or get up and leave when in the company of the latter. However, pity, serenity, sympathy, and the desire to converse are observed when the situation arises in a context where the respondent has a high social dominance countertrait and/or anti-egalitarianism countertrait score.

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THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN. CASE STUDY

Author(s): Enache Tușa,Cornelia-Daniela STERIE,Liliana CIOBOTARU / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Established by Government Decision on January 2, 1990, the Quality of Life Research Institute (ICCV) is the most important scientific research institution dedicated to quality of life and social policies in Romania and one of the most significant in this field in the world. The Institute is part of the research network of the Romanian Academy and is a member of the "Costin C. Kirițescu" National Institute of Economic Research. The institute carries out prodigious scientific activity in the major research areas of quality of life and social policies and in related research areas: health, education, employment, housing, family life, standard of living, poverty, public services, social development, social economy, being concerned with the analysis of the transition and, in general, of the long-term change of the Romanian society. Quality of Life Research Institute assumes the responsibility of actively contributing to the development of Romanian society, through institutional development and the elaboration of legislation in the social field. The involvement in the development of the strategic framework of public policies in the social field, including in the development of national legislation in the social field, is visible in documents such as the National Anti-Poverty Strategy and Plan for the Promotion of Social Inclusion, (Joint Inclusion Memorandum) ─ country strategic document for social inclusion, developed by the Government of Romania together with the European Commission, the package of laws on the labour system and labour relations, the law on social assistance and the minimum income, the law on the national social assistance system, the law on education - the chapter on university education.

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MIGRATION, WAYS TO DEAL WITH IT AND CAUSES

Author(s): Mariana CÎRSTEA,Maria Constantinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

International migration is a phenomenon that demonstrates its complexity through its manifestations at political, economic, social, demographic level. It is considered lately an opportunity for economic growth and development, but also a threat due to misinformation and prejudice or incomplete vision. Reflecting on the causes of migration means being able to correctly address international migration and being able to correctly distinguish between migrants (immigrants and emigrants) and refugees who have a special status and to whom special protection laws apply, such as subsidiary protection or humanitarian protection. The purpose of this article is to show that a correct approach to migration facilitates the management of this phenomenon at national and international level.

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DZIELNICA VÄSTRA HAMNEN W SZWECJI JAKO PRZYKŁAD PRZESTRZENI O CECHACH BEZPIECZNYCH

Author(s): Joanna Zabawa-Krzypkowska / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 48/2024

This paper addresses the design of safe space using the example of the Swedish neighbourhood of Västra Hammen. As partof the in situ research, spatial solutions that support safety were analysed, and several criteria were selected (e.g., transport,spatial structure, urban composition, etc.) that have a positive impact on the residents’ sense of safety. The purpose of thispaper is to discuss the results of the analyses and to present the Västra Hamnen neighbourhood as an example of a well--designed safe space for residents. The examples are illustrated by extensive photographic documentation made as a partof the study trip.

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Wojna w Ukrainie a pomoc humanitarna – na przykładzie OO PCK w województwie warmińsko-mazurskim

Author(s): Teresa Astramowicz-Leyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3 - 1/2024

The Russian aggression in Ukraine commenced in 2014. During this period, Ukrainians began arriving in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and other regions of Poland, being treated as migrants. However, since February 24, 2022, there has been a substantial increase in the influx of people from Ukraine, predominantly women and children, seeking refuge in Poland, including in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. This region, due to its direct proximity to the Russian Federation (Kaliningrad Oblast), with a border of approximately 200 kilometers, did not attract particular interest from refugees. The aim of this article is to present the involvement of the Warmian-Masurian Regional Branch of the Polish Red Cross (hereinafter: OO PCK) in aiding refugees from Ukraine. The hypothesis posits that this Branch of the Red Cross has been engaged in aid activities for two years; however, in the second year of the full-scale war, this involvement diminished. The basic research problems include questions about the scale of aid to Ukrainian refugees in 2022 and 2023 organized by OO PCK, the forms of aid provided, the number of beneficiaries for each form of aid, and the specific groups of refugees to whom OO PCK directed its financial and material assistance. The results of the study provided answers to the research questions and positively verified the research hypothesis.

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Obeležja solidarnih kuhinja u Republici Srbiji

Author(s): Vanja Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: Spec./2024

In the Republic of Serbia, nearly half a million people live in absolute poverty. Solidarity kitchens in Serbia, which this paper situates as instances of vernacular and reactive solidarity, have been established in response to multiple crises at once, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the ”crisis” of people on the move, and the withdrawal of social welfare amid neoliberal pressures. The goal of this paper is to showcase the work and challenges faced by local solidarity kitchens whilst focusing on their genesis from a political, social, and economic perspective. Solidarity kitchens can be understood as the embodiment of the fundamental pillars of social work and position themselves within the framework of its values. They are characterized by a non-hierarchical approach to organizing and a rejection of the concept of charity. Unfortunately, they face several challenges, including fluctuating sources of funding, constant changes in staff, and limitations in service delivery.

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DO MHEALTH APPS AMPLIFY THE DIGITAL DIVIDE? ASSESSING THE USE OF MOBILE HEALTH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AMONG RURAL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA

Author(s): Dimpho Mogano,Elizabeth Lubinga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The recent COVID-19 pandemic was pivotal to the global adoption of mHealth and other digital technologies. The critical need for behavioural containment measures, created numerous digital health technological advantages to sustaining healthcare especially in developing, resource-constrained countries. However, it is debatable whether using digital technologies exacerbated the digital divide existent health disparities among rural communities in developing countries. The study attempted to determine the use of the South African government’s COVID-19 HealthAlert App by a rural South African township community. Theoretically, the Digital Health Equity Framework underpinned the study. A quantitative research approach using a cross-sectional survey design among 197 residents, was adopted. Major findings indicate that 55% of the participants used the health App and 89% used smartphones to access online information and use mobile Apps frequently. and used the information provided by the Covid19 HealthAlert App to manage their health during the pandemic. Most participants stated that ease of using the App was enhanced by the fact that it was zero-rated, meaning they could access it without data or an Internet connection. However, lack of digital security through perceived lack of privacy and the protection of personal information were cited as concerns deterring the use of mHealth Apps. The study was important by contributing to scholarship regarding the use of mHealth Apps for health-seeking behaviour by rural communities during a health crisis, specifically the debate about the digital health divide. It informs health promotion organisations about digital health technologies user experiences by rural communities for effectiveness.

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RELIABILITY OF RAPID BUS TRANSIT IN PROVISION OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICES IN DAR ES SALAAM CITY, TANZANIA

Author(s): Wilfred Gordian Kazaura / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2023

The establishment of Bus Rapid Transit system in Dar es Salaam city is one of the strategic initiatives in addressing the issue of unreliable public transport services in the rapidly urbanized cities in Tanzania. Other cities such as Arusha, Mwanza, Mbeya, Tanga and Dodoma Capital City are urbanizing very rapidly which influence demand for rapid bus transit services indicated in the master plans. The implementation BRT system with exclusive lanes, electronic ticketing, large terminals and bus stations aimed at reducing public transportation problems in Dar es Salaam city. It also intended to decrease passengers waiting times at the bus stops, reducing travel times from one bus stop to another, control overcrowdness by expanding the capacity of buses and size of bus stops, and maintaining safety and security to passengers including vulnerable groups. The study observed the improvements in public transportation services realised by implementation of BRT and challenges specifically in operation buses and suggested to regulatory authority and policy makers the best ways of effecting reliability of public transport services in the fast-growing cities in Tanzania.

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The Young Generation, a Brief Historical Parallel: The “Generation with a Mission” Described by Motru–Vulcănescu–Gusti vs. Today’s “Victimized Generation”

Author(s): Samira Cîrlig / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2024

The present paper addresses the issue of the young generation in a comparative manner, considering two broad typologies: the generation with a mission, described by Constantin RãdulescuMotru (1868–1957), Dimitrie Gusti (1880–1955) and Mircea Vulcãnescu (1904–1952) on the one hand, and today’s “victimized generation,” which specialists approach under the conceptual umbrella of “snowflake generation” and which is referred to in this article as “victimized generation” or “self-absorbed generation.” To achieve our goal, we first clarify from a theoretical point of view what the two typologies mean for the mentioned authors, and then we turn to some relevant theories in the field, both classical and contemporary. Last but not least, we provide some statistical data illustrating the dimension of the phenomenon we are studying. This material aims to show that the young generation, understood as a vehicle of identity, is about to lose its historical mission through the minimization of social will (in the service of the other) and the exacerbation of blind ambition (centered on the self).

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Retrospective Investigation of Patient Falls in a University Hospital within the Scope of Patient Safety

Author(s): Neslihan Sari,Nevzat Devebakan,Hazel Bağci,Hanife Sariçam / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This study was designed to investigate patient falls in a university hospital within the scope of patient safety according to variables such as age, gender, time interval when the fall occurred, clinic/polyclinic etc. where the fall occurred and the scene of the fall. Our study is a descriptive type restrospective study. The population of the study consisted of 280 inpatient/outpatient fall event notification records reported between 01.01.2020-31.12.2023 in a university hospital in Izmir. No sample selection was made in the study and the entire population was included in the sample. Institutional permission and ethics committee approval were obtained before the research. Analyses were performed with the SPSS Statistics 29 program. Data were analysed by descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation), correlation test and Pearson chi-square test. The mean age of the patients who fell was 60.07±22.81 years, the majority were male (58.2%), and the age range of 65 years and older was the age group with the highest number of falls (52.5%). Among the patients, 91.1% were in the adult group and 8.9% were in the paediatric group. It was determined that patients fell most frequently while getting out of bed (45.4%) and in the patient room (54.6%). It was found that 78.9% of the patients had no damage as a result of the fall, 20.7% had mild injury, and 0.4% had severe injury. The fall rates of the patients according to years varied between 0.02% and 0.07%, and the highest number of falls occurred in the adult emergency department. It was determined that 22.1% of the falls occurred between 00:01-04:00. When the fall rates by branches were examined, it was observed that paediatrics and emergency department were lower than other branches (8.6%, 8.9%, respectively). It was observed that 54.3% of the patients who fell had a high pre-fall risk assessment. We determined that patients most frequently fell in the patient room while trying to get out of bed. Incident reporting systems that contain all the information needed about patient falls may provide the opportunity for corrective action for incidents that may occur due to falls. Educational interventions to increase the competence of healthcare professionals and preventive interventions to prevent inpatient falls should be prioritised in medical specialities with high fall rates.

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Препреке и поверење: перцепције здравственог система међу ромским мајкама у Србији

Author(s): Ljiljana Pantović,Ivan Đorđević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2024

This research aims to deepen the understanding of the barriers and challenges faced by Roma parents, particularly mothers, in accessing pediatric services in Serbia. The study found that distrust in the healthcare system, alongside cultural norms favoring traditional knowledge over medical advice, are key factors influencing Roma mothers’ healthcare decisions for their children. While pediatric services are generally perceived positively, significant infrastructural obstacles, especially in rural areas, hinder access to healthcare facilities. Special attention is given to the role of trust between healthcare workers and Roma mothers, with pediatricians often seen as crucial allies in safeguarding children’s health. The research highlights the need for improved communication and cultural sensitivity when working with the Roma community to foster greater trust in the healthcare system and enhance health outcomes for Roma families. Additionally, it underscores the importance of addressing structural inequalities that contribute to negative experiences.

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PUBLIC HEALTHCARE ADMINISTRATION IN GHANA: A FOCUS ON THE KORLE-BU TEACHING HOSPITAL (1923-2020)

Author(s): Samuel Adu-Gyamfi,Derrick Sarpong Owusu,Lawrencia Akunsah Tetteh,Solomon Narh Tettey,Abena Asieduwaa Yeboah,Abena Achiaa Yeboah / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2024

Since the pre-colonial period to the post-colonial era, public health administration has been intertwined with several issues ranging from the inadequacy of public health facilities and health workers, improper settlement planning, insanitary conditions, inadequate laws, their implementation and enforcement of same. Using a qualitative approach of research, the study focused on the historical interpretation of the challenges and effects of public health administration on health workers and patients in Ghana. This empirical study focused on responses from workers in the Accident and Emergency Department of the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Ghana. The study teased out information from expert informants to make useful generalizations to shape public health administration in relation to similar facilities in Ghana and elsewhere in Africa. Among other things, it also studies how reported sicknesses and or medical cases such as COVID-19 and the management of same at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in contemporary times. Again, based on the empirical responses, the study provided empirical prescriptions to help improve public health administration in health facilities in Ghana, which has wider ramifications for related facilities on the African continent. Attention and resources should not only be given to clinical care, to the neglect of public health. Efforts should cut across every sector of healthcare and fully equip the office of public health administration to do a more efficient work. There is also the need to make inferences from the various past challenges and effects of public health administration in the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and Ghana at large to know how to deal with similar challenges emanating from the day to day running of Ghana’s health institutions including the required preparednes to deal with epidemics and pandemics at the local and national levels.

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