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General Control of the Quality of Social Services in Bulgaria

Author(s): Tsetska Kolarova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article makes a theoretical analysis of documents regarding the genral control of the quality of social services in Bulgaria. This control is carried out by a central body for the country - the Agency for the Quality of Social Services. It controls the provision of social services by carrying out various checks – for compliance with the quality standards of social services; for compliance with the requirements of the Social Services Act; for the observance of consumer rights; about the way municipalities and private providers of social services spend funds from the state budget, etc. The article summarizes the cases and procedures for general control of the quality of social services in the modern conditions in the country.

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The Well-being of Left-behind Children in Rural Sichuan, China

Author(s): Long Ling,Siti Hajar Abu Bakar Ah,Noralina Omar / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Chinese scholars focused on the status of children's subjective well-being. However, one significant gap is the need to measure comprehensive child well-being in China's backward economic rural areas. The study adopted a multidimensional child well-being approach and child-centred perspective to measure rural left-behind children's material, physical, educational, psychological, and social well-being and present the multidimensional well-being of left-behind children in rural China. The study adopted a quantitative approach, and the survey method was the preferred approach for this study. A multistage random sampling technique was used to choose the geographical location of the study, study area, and children as survey respondents. Four hundred eighty left-behind children aged 10 to 16 in Sichuan province, China, were selected for the study. The selected left-behind children experienced a high level of well-being domains, except for moderate educational well-being. However, pocket money, physical exercise, academic achievement, child welfare for education, social services, coping strategies, and activity engagement were the core targets to promote the left-behind children's well-being through improving social expenditure on children, empowering the child welfare system, and providing sufficient social services in school in China.

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The gendered crisis of care in the UK through the lens of immigration policy impacts on migrant workers

Author(s): Jessica Fortune / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2024

The social care sector in the United Kingdom is grappling with a severe crisis due tosuccessive governments’ failure to adequately fund and plan for rising care needs. Thiscrisis has profound and wide-ranging implications, disproportionately affecting women,who constitute the majority of both the care workforce and the population in need of careservices. Immigration policies play a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of the socialcare sector, with migrants comprising a significant 16% of the workforce. These policiesare inextricably intertwined with the broader global care crisis, exacerbating existing chal-lenges and inequalities that disproportionately impact women across borders. Moreover,the UK’s “hostile environment” measures aimed at irregular migrants have created ad-ditional vulnerabilities and barriers for migrant women, including those with legal statusworking in the care sector.

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Immigration speeding social landscape transformations: the case of Portugal

Author(s): Jorge Salgado Simões / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2024

This article presents the significant and rapid transformation that Portuguese society iscurrently undergoing. A high level of immigration has been registered over the last severalyears. This is a significant wave that has never been experienced in the country beforeand represents an opportunity to meet labour force needs in different economic sectorsand a chance to improve demographic sustainability. Traditionally known as a welcom-ing society, with a favourable integration approach, this is a test moment to confirm thisperception of Portugal. The article examines the main data and trends of this transforma-tion, discusses citizens’ perception of immigration compared with the situation of otherEuropean societies, and highlights difficulties that are already emerging. The article alsodiscusses the role of public policies on the topic.

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Economic education of people with disabilities as a tool supporting social inclusion

Author(s): Dawid Banaś / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

Economic education is becoming increasingly essential for modern societies to function. It consists of three aspects: knowledge, skills and attitudes, and if such aspects remain at a low level, the people it concerns are susceptible to financial exclusion. Due to dynamic changes occurring in financial markets, knowledge quickly becomes outdated and needs to be frequently updated. People with disabilities fall into this group of people at risk of social exclusion, usually displaying lower participation in the educational system (although this has been changing) and facing greater difficulties in the labour market. A hypothesis has been posed that economic education may contribute to the social inclusion of people with disabilities, and the determined goal was to demonstrate the existence of the need for financial education targeted at people with disabilities to make them less susceptible to the risk of social and financial exclusion. This goal was achieved through critical analysis of the literature on the subject, and by way of deduction. The author’s research demonstrated that economic education is a tool that contributes to reducing the risk of social and financial exclusion, and therefore economic education should be primarily targeted at the groups most susceptible to the risk of exclusion, including, among others, people with disabilities. The paper demonstrates that Poland also lacks measures that would contribute to the level of economic knowledge of that social group.

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WEB ACCESSIBILITY IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL SERVICES AND BENEFITS IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Anca Monica Marin,Liliana Popa / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

This paper examines the current situation in Romania in terms of web accessibility provided by two key institutions in the field of administering social services and benefits in Romania – County Directorates of Social Work and Child Protection (DGASPC) as well as County Pensions Houses (CJP). As the pandemic context further accelerated the development of e-government worldwide, there is a strong need to ensure information and communication accessibility for persons with disabilities and persons with functional limitations in general. The assessment grid is represented by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1 requirements and techniques, mainly regarding Level A, minimum level of conformance. Results underline significant discrepancies in implementing various accessibility characteristics among similar institutional bodies and the needs to take further steps to improve accessibility. The study adds knowledge on the larger topic of digital inclusion, as a contributor to enhanced social inclusion. It also contributes to the international debate on web accessibility evaluation and developing accessibility in web design, especially in the case of public authorities who have under their responsibility services directly addressed to persons with disabilities or to older persons with visual or hearing impairments.

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NECESITATEA CONSILIERII CLINICE

Author(s): Aurelia Cojocaru,Irina Cojocaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 01/2024

Clinical counseling is an essential and beneficial process that addresses a variety of aspects of people's mental and emotional health. It involves collaboration between professionals and patients to manage the psychological aspects of illness, trauma or other health challenges, providing patients with a safe space to explore and manage the emotional aspects associated with their health condition. The Clinical Counseling is very necessary for providing information, education, self-knowledge, supporting patients, helping them to understand the psychological aspects of diseases, treatments and improving the quality of life.

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How housing problems affect students: analysis of in-depth interviews with Polish student occupation strike participants

Author(s): Zuzanna Kurowska,Jakub Socha,Kinga Gabryszewska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Factors such as the commodification of housing and higher education or the decreasing welfare support offered to students make housing and, thus, higher education less affordable. Growing difficulties can result in social dissatisfaction, manifested through protests calling for more excellent institutional support. Employing a case study method, we use phenomenological style in-depth individual interviews to explore housing experiences and perspectives of students, a group strongly affected by the growing housing issues. Thirty interviews were conducted with participants of a student occupation strike in Poznań (Poland) “Jowita” student dormitory in December 2023. Findings revealed that students struggle with alienation, rental power imbalance, or unmet housing needs. To finance housing during education, they have to work to sacrifice their health or growth. Findings indicate growing housing problems, students’ experiences, and various costs associated with continuing their education. Although the study was affected by the sudden nature of the interviews and the specificity of respondents, it shows the importance of exploring the students’ perspective of housing experiences to understand their needs better when discussing institutional support. This research contributes to further understanding of the student housing market, presenting various costs students face when managing their accommodation.

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CURRENT TRENDS IN HEALTH SYSTEM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT – WHAT COULD BE USED FOR THE ROMANIAN HEALTH SYSTEM?

Author(s): Marian Emanuel Cojoaca,Ana Maria BABALAU,Alina MUSETESCU,Petru ARMEAN / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

THE HEALTH STATUS OF THE ROMANIAN POPULATION AND THE HEALTH SYSTEM RESOURCES ARE BEHIND THE EU AVERAGES, SITUATION WHICH COULD BE SIMILAR TO OTHER MEMBER STATES FROM CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE, BUT MORE DETRIMENTAL IN SOME AREAS. A HEALTH SISTEM PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT (HSPA) HAS NOT ROUTINELY PERFORMED IN ROMANIA AT PRESENT. THIS PAPER AIMED TO DESCRIBE THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPTS AND METHODS USED GLOBALLY FOR THE HEALTH SYSTEMS’ PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT AND TO EXPLORE THE COUNTRY CONTEXT FOR CREATING A NATIONAL FRAMEWORK IN THIS SENSE. WE PERFORMED A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC PAPERS AND GREY LITERATURE RELEVANT FOR THE TOPIC AND ALSO AN EXPLORATION OF THE NATIONAL LEGISLATION ON HEALTH AND HEALTH SYSTEM AND OF THE NATIONAL DATABASES INCLUDING HEALTH DATA. WE FOUND THAT HSPA IS A TOPIC OF HUGE INTEREST AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL AND IN EU, WITH MANY EXAMPLES OF FRAMEWORKS FOR HSPA DEVELOPED DURING THE LAST TWO DECADES. MANY COUNTRIES ARE PERFORMING HSPA AT PRESENT, BUT WITH WIDE HETEROGENEITY. ONE TOPIC INCLUDED RECENTLY IN HSPA IS HEALTH SYSTEM’S RESILIENCE. IN ROMANIA, DESPTE A WELL STATED PROCESS OF QUALITY ASSESSMENT, ESPECIALLY FOR THE HOSPITAL LEVEL, THE HSPA PROCESS IS IN AN EARLY STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT. THERE IS NOW AN EXTREMELY FAVORABLE MOMENTUM TO DEVELOP A NATIONAL HSPA FRAMEWORK DUE TO THE POLITICAL COMMITMENT FOR IMPROVING HEALTH SYSTEM RESILIENCE AND PERFORMANCE. AND ALSO DUE TO THE EXCELLENT OPPORTUNITIES TO FINANCE THE REFORM OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM AND ITS DIGITALIZATION THROUGH DIFFERENT EU FUNDED PROGRAMS.

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Challenges and Changes in Senior Social Care Services during the Pandemic Period

Author(s): Lucia Ludvig Cintulová,Zuzana Budayová,Michal Oláh / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The subject of the research are 107 recipients of social services who have been provided residential services since the beginning of the pandemic, i.e. since March 2020. The pandemic situation has significantly affected the financing as well as the functioning of social services, their employees and individuals of residential services. This study is focused on identifying key aspects and factors that most influenced the quality of services provided and life satisfaction of seniors in context of analysing the change in lifestyle habits of seniors before and during the pandemic Covid-19.

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Social Services in the Era of Social Investment State in Poland and Czech Republic. The Case Analysis of the Child and Elderly Care Services

Author(s): Agnieszka Makarewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The investment approach in social policy, a response to the economic, social, and demographic changes in European countries, has its unique and intriguing interpretation in the Central European context. The article’s main aim is to identify and analyze two trends in the social policy of the EU Member States, which are coherent with the paradigm of the state of social investment. The first is the reduction of institutional support, resulting in deinstitutionalization and ceding the responsibility for care services to the family. The other trend reshaping the traditional models of social policy is the marketization of social care services provided to children and older adults. Because of their historical background, the countries analyzed, Poland and the Czech Republic, adopted the social investment paradigm, creating a unique and intriguing Central European interpretation.

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WORKING ABROAD. ROMANIAN ROMA EXPERIENCES

Author(s): Sinziana Preda / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

In Romania, the Roma constitute the third largest ethnic group and the group considered the most disadvantaged in economic and social terms. Their marginalization originates in a long history of rejection, starting from the condition they initially had in society, that is of slaves (the liberation of the gypsies from servitude ended in 1856). The communist regime tried to assimilate them, especially through measures of integration in the national education system, in factories, in agriculture. Many Roma believe that their life has been better in socialism, as they have found relatively easy employment and access to housing. Nostalgia for these benefits is constantly marked by their discourse, in the narratives about the current standard of living, unemployment and going abroad, for a better life. The impossibility of finding a job does not only affect the Roma, and it is not only them who decide to migrate abroad for better salaries. Many Romanian citizens go to the West but unlike them, Roma are less likely to achieve a decent life in their origin countries. "Roma are exposed to a much higher degree of extreme poverty, discrimination and exclusion in their countries of origin."1 This background characterise the phenomenon of labor migration represented by Roma. In this paper we will analyze a several migration experiences, based on some interviews collected in the first project dedicated to the oral history of Roma in Romania, "The Untold Story. An Oral History of the Roma People in Romania".

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SOCIAL POLICIES FOR INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS. HOMELESS PEOPLE

Author(s): Ionela Maria BRAȘOVEANU (ION) / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The present article aims to highlight both the causes and determinants of social exclusion, of vulnerable groups, namely street people. To improve the quality of life of the target group, both the state and Non-Governmental Organizations work together to implement social policies and programs to rehabilitate, prevent, and combat social exclusion, marginalization, and poverty prevention. Social exclusion is seen as a process that leads to a situation in which certain vulnerable persons and groups are unable to perform certain functions, being led to a state of poverty, and the status of social exclusion can be defined as a combination of deprivations. Social exclusion can be the framework for the perception of deprivation and especially of two dimensions of deprivation: the fact that it has a multidimensional character and hidden social relations. Another issue addressed is the relationship between poverty and social exclusion, being valued as a tool for drawing social policies. The two concepts approached coincide, encompassing a complex area of poverty based on relational aspects, economic, social and political dimensions of social exclusion. Regarding poverty, there is a vast and pronounced literature that treats the problem as a macro phenomenon affecting large territorial areas, which tend to detect its cross-cutting aspects or, aims to capture its specific expressions. The prevalent approach to poverty seems to be on the one hand that of social control, and on the other hand that inherent in the economic problem.

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WELFARE OF THE ELDERLY IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC

Author(s): Ilarion Mâță / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The term Welfare is made up of two words, „good” and „state”, meaning prosperity. It is used mainly with reference to the characteristics of social systems that assume the responsibility to ensure the quality of life of members of society, in terms of physical health, mental health, education and social and economic security. The well-being of the population is ensured through social policies, laws and services offered to the whole society. Welfare systems, as opposed to social protection systems, are addressed to all members of society and are focused on preventing risk factors that lead to violations of social human rights, which would endanger the quality of life of all members of society. Elderly people are also among the recognized vulnerable categories. It is said about the „right to welfare” of the citizen as one of the positive human rights, of the second generation (the first generation of rights being civil and political). The notion of the right to welfare refers to the fact that every individual has the right to social assistance and services, and society is obliged to provide them. Like any „right”, the right to welfare of the citizen is ensured by the laws and regulations under which society operates.

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CHILD CARE THROUGH THE INVOLVEMENT OF NGOs – AN INTERNAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Elena Monica Mihalcea,Lavinia Elisabeta Popp / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Child protection is a major point of interest not only for the competent institutions in the field, but also for the NGOs that have extended their activity, embracing this category of beneficiaries, too. The vulnerability of the children coming from underprivileged environments, often caused by the precarious conditions existing in the natural families, is the object of several NGOs, which evolved after the 1990s. Democracy restored the civil societies’ freedom and courage to pool their resources for non-profit purposes, aiming at increasing the quality of the lives of the children who are in risk situations. This paper grasps, from an internal perspective, the manner in which an association intervenes for preventing situations of child abuse, neglect and even abandoning. The research methodology used a qualitative method, i.e. the interview, in order to observe the impact of the provided social services, from a triple perspective (the associations’ president, the association’s beneficiaries and the association’s volunteers).

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POPULATION’S PERCEPTION ON FAMILY POLICIES IN ROMANIA AND ON THEIR ROLE IN SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Alexandrina Mihaela Popescu,Gabriela Motoi / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

In the context of recent crises (the economic crisis of 2007-2010, the crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic), which had an overwhelming impact on all social subsystems (including the family), many states in the European Union concentrated their efforts and adopted a series of policies aimed at ensuring the good functioning of family structures, in order to overcome crisis situations. Such states have correlated subsidies and financial transfers with well-developed systems in terms of social services for children and their families, so they have adopted numerous programs related to socio-pedagogical support for children, have focused on programs to support future fathers, took measures for those parents who did not get their children admitted to municipal kindergartens, facilitated access to parental education during pregnancy or implemented flexible work schedules to allow parents to fulfill their family duties. All these measures had the main objectives of facilitating the formation of new families, strengthening the stability and well-being of the family, increasing the fertility rate, strengthening marriage and promoting its values. The present article presents, in a systematic manner, the results of a sociological research, the purpose of which was to see how the population relates to the family policies implemented in Romanian society.

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ASSISTANCE INTERVENTION PROCEDURES IN RISK SITUATIONS

Author(s): Elena Stancu,Elena Diana Zastran,Lavinia Elisabeta Popp / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The universe has been in continuous transformation since the beginning of the world. Throughout this system, people experience change at every step, constantly learning to adapt their personal goals to the challenges of their environment. Social assistance thus appears as a response to the problem of vulnerable groups, offering professional and specialized help to those in need. The current approach aims to follow the intervention procedure in risk situations, implemented by the social worker, with a preponderance in the case of victims of drug abuse. This phenomenon is constantly growing, the National Anti-Drug Agency, the main intervention body, are fighting a continuous battle against drug trafficking, which is developing with an alarming speed, intervening both at the national and county level, through the Anti-Drug Evaluation, Prevention and Counseling Centers.

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CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE DEGREE OF SATISFACTION OF THE BENEFICIARIES ROMA TOWARDS SOCIAL SERVICES IN TIMIȘ COUNTY

Author(s): Claudiu Mihail Roman,Lavinia Elisabeta Popp,Oana Lavinia Filip / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The research focuses on the problems of the Roma ethnic group in Timiș County, with a particular focus on the Roma who access social services, trying to rank and establish the problems they face in relation to social services. The research is of a mixed type, containing both quantitative items and open-ended, qualitative questions, aimed at clarifying the major problems faced by ethnic Roma who interact with the social services system in Romania, at the level of Timiș County, both from the perspective of the services public but also from the perspective of non-governmental organizations as well as local public authorities. The conclusions of the research offer the perspective of a strong social system, which, however, presents some gaps, although the problem-solving process proceeds relatively smoothly, in the view of the majority of respondents. However, there are still areas of interest and action that require improvement. From a procedural perspective, the beneficiaries do not always have access to information regarding the operation of the respective social service.

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THE IMPLICATIONS OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY

Author(s): Elena Diana Zastran,Lavinia Elisabeta Popp,Elena Monica Mihalcea / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Pregnancy among teenagers is a phenomenon with implications for both the young mother and the newborn, under aspects related to health, education, social position, and/or employment prospects. Romania is ranked second in the European Union regarding the maternity rate among teenage girls, a fact that highlights the need to address preventive and supportive measures for the target group. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of information on teenage girls regarding the problems that teenage mothers may face, aiming to evaluate their knowledge on the notions of sexual education and contraception. The investigation tool used was the sociological questionnaire, applied by self-administration on a sample of 50 persons, the subjects being girls aged between 14-19 years, in school students in Reșita Municipality.

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SOITU D., MATEI, A. COORD. (2021). INGRIJIREA DE LUNGĂ DURATĂ. PRACTICI, MĂSURI, POLITICI

Author(s): Carmen Palaghia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Soitu D., Matei, A. coord. (2021). Ingrijirea de lungă durată. Practici, măsuri, politici, „A. I. Cuza” University of Iasi Publishing House, 202 p.

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