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Конструирование возраста в журнале «Работница» в советское время

Author(s): V. Yu. Smirnova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The paper deals with the construction of age in the magazine “Rabotnitsa” during the Soviet time. In social context age is especially significant for women, because it has an impact on their lives more than on men’s lives; that is why a magazine for women is under scrutiny in this research. Moreover, it is important to consider how this discourse about age changed during the Soviet time in order to understand contemporary situation with woman aging better. It is worth mentioning that age is a socially determined construct, which should be considered as other social categories like gender in order to create a complex overview of power discourse. During this period of time age was represented by three different types of categories: political, structural and corporal. The way of representation was strongly connected with political regime and economic, cultural and social situation in the country. Youth was the key-concept in all periods. Nevertheless, methods which can help to preserve it ranged from acquisition of literacy and active participation in public life to usage of special corporal anti-age practices and cosmetic procedures.

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„Символният“ капитал на българското училище

Author(s): Nikolay Tsankov,Veska Gyuviyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

This study is influenced by the ideas of the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The assumption is that the external differentiation of the school system conceals a social selection of students, teachers and parents. On an empirical level, the answer to the question of the existence of symbolic capital at school and the students’ explicit or implicit awareness of it is sought.

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Новооткрити документи за историята на една 200-годишна църква

Author(s): Svetlana Muhova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The year 2017 marks the 200th anniversary of the building of the “Dormition of the Mother of God” church in Koprivshtitsa. This important event of the town history was celebrated by a Jubilee Science Conference organized by The Directorate of Museums. The accent was placed on the local church history, which is so far insufficiently studied and popular. My participation in the conference gave me an occasion to share the result of my about four-year work on some documents saved in Koprivshtitsa’s museum archive. Among them, as the most significant and rich in information stands out the previously considered lost The Book of Account of the church, which contains accounting notes for the period 1815 – 1843. Along with it, subject of this article is another newly discovered document, specifically related to the history of the construction of the temple in 1817. It is The Book of Account of the churchwarden Gruju Popgenchovich.

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Био- и неврофийдбек методите в полза на личностното развитие на хората с увреждания чрез стимулиране на креативния им потенциал

Author(s): Youri Ianakiev,Radoslav Shterev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2016

The article introduces the main applications in bio and neurofeedback methods and methods of non-invasive brain stimulation for a broader understanding of the potential of the neurotechnology as a tool for personal development and creativity stimulation. It explores options for therapy and rehabilitation through EEG biofeedback for people with special educational needs. We have presented four cases of application of EEG biofeedback in children with special educational needs – autistic spectrum disorders, attention deficit, intellectual disability and difficulties in social adaptation. We have described the improvements after treatment in relation to social skills, self-regulation, control of attention, neuro-muscular coordination.

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Measuring Knowledge Management Capability Condition on the Support of Marine and Fishery Resources Utilisation

Author(s): Roberto M. K. Teniwut,Cawalinya L. Hasyim,Wellem A. Teniwut / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

Economically and ecologically, marine environment plays an important role in all aspects of our life. Throughout human existence, we have relied on the marine environment for food, recreational activities, economic opportunities, and so on. For that reason, it is vital to protect, sustain, and improve the coastal zone as an aquatic resources and a habitat for wildlife. Managing coastal zones require involvements from many different stakeholders; however, the integration of all knowledge types -- including local expertise and scientific knowledge -- with the policymaking is not without challenges. This paper looks at the resource based capability and knowledge-based capability perspectives in measuring the effectiveness of knowledge management in a rural coastal region, Southeast Maluku district. This research uses stepwise regression analysis method with 253 respondents. The results of this study indicate that resources based and knowledge based capabilities in this region are effective in supporting the application of knowledge capability management. However, the ability to obtain information and utilise information has not significantly impacted the development of knowledge capability management of fishery resources and marine in this region at the time of writing.

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Семантични критерии за транссветова идентификация на предметите

Author(s): Elena Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

This paper explores the semantics of possible worlds where the rules for the trans-world identification of objects are considered. Different logical theories on the meaning and reference of the name will be considered in the context of the semantics of the possible worlds. The purpose of this study is to show whether the meaning of a name is a criteria for trans-world identification. If the answer to this question is positive, it would mean that the category meaning is objective.In order to answer this question, some philosophical theories on how a definition is formed and how intent and extension are understood will be considered. The aim is to explain how we understand the meaning of the terms objectively, which could serve as a criteria for trans-world identification of objects.

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Накити, съдържащи раковини Monetaria (Cypraea) от фонда на Регионален исторически музей – Кърджали

Author(s): Lidiya Kirilova,Sonya Kostadinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2018

The subject of this study are two adornments from the fund of the Regional Museum of History – Kardzhali: the first one being from the ninth century and the second one being from the end of the nineteenth century. They include shells of the genus Monetaria sea snails (babki, cowrie) which are typical inhabitants of the Indo-Pacific tropical waters. The purpose of the study is to establish the species to which the shells belong and the symbolism with which they are loaded as parts of these ornaments. The cultural phenomenon of cowrie originates from the epipalleolite in the Middle East. Gradually spreading from there throughout Asia, Africa and Oceania, and through the Mediterranean, it reaches all parts of Europe, including Bulgaria, and the Eastern Rhodopes in particular.

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Polonistyczne obrazy świata. Szkic o kulturowych źródłach dydaktyki szkolnej

Author(s): Marta Krasuska-Betiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 49 (2)/2017

This text’s aim is to draw implications for school didactics that result from the human being’s entanglement in the orders of both, nature and culture. In her considerations, the author attempts at a re-enactment of the manner in which complementary arrangements of nature and culture find their common ground in educational thought, and their objective expression in the sphere of Polish teachers’ education. Yet, the said considerations do not involve all facets of the school subject in question, neither do they relate to any particular stage of education. What is elucidated herein, are merely selected questions of literary culture, namely, the essence of contemporary reading practice being a premise upon which one may raise a cultural anthropology concept of the literary-cultural education that echoes the views by Polish Studies’ theoreticians and practitioners.

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Błękit i rośliny lecznicze – słów kilka o indygo i nie tylko

Author(s): Justyna Makowska-Wąs,Irma Podolak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Until the development of organic chemistry and the production of synthetic dyes in the second half of the 19th century, substances of natural origin were the only source of color compounds. These could be mineral, plant, and animal products, used in the form of raw products (e.g., crushed metals, minerals, animal fragments, or their excretions) and preparations derived from them. Among the plants we find many species that have been used as sources of coloring substances. They were valued primarily in the production of various utility or decorative fabrics and were used to dye natural fibers. Plant extracts or purified fractions of color compounds were also used as pigments in painting, in the illumination of books, and as substances that improve the look of medicines or foodstuffs. Some had medicinal significance per se. Among them, a small group of plant substances with a blue color is of special interest.The most famous natural raw material of this group is indigo (Indigo), obtained from Indigofera tinctoria L. and its substitutes. Noteworthy is also the less known wood of the logwood (Haematoxylum campechianum L.), known as the blue tree. This work presents the history, uses, and therapeutic importance of the abovementioned raw materials and their contemporary use.

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Zasługi Karola Linneusza dla postępu nauk farmaceutycznych w XVIII w.

Author(s): Jacek Drobnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Fundamentals of Linnaean taxonomy were established from the late 1730s and had a gradual ordering impact on all plant knowledge of the time. Pharmaceutical botany was enlivened by the following assertions, ideas or publications issued by Linnaeus: 1) the sexual system as a tool for practical identifi cation of genera; 2) the genera were newly defi ned or corrected to build a clear system; 3) botanists were encouraged to construct and study a natural system of genera which was expected to reveal similarities in pharmacological actions (as analogous to morphological similarities of allied species); 4) a critical and minimalist review of medicinal species and their therapeutical uses was published; 5) the synonymy of species was rectifi ed by selecting only good and suffi ciently descriptive polynomials; and fi nally 6) it became the new scientifi c standard to typify the name and description of a species on a proof sample, the role of which began to be played by a herbarium specimen of a plant, called a type. The practice of assigning binominal names to known or newly described species enabled botanists to place them immediately in the sexual system (by assigning a generic name, the genus was ranked in terms of fl ower structure). The increase in the number of medicinal plant species at the end of the 18th century was the result of a desire to make the knowledge complete and modern, and to add new facts about related species in a wellorganized form. Canons for the experimental and clinical study of effects of known and new medicinal plants on healthy and sick patients were being developed. The introduction of many new species into practical therapy took pharmacy by surprise, as the pharmacist had to learn to recognise medicinal plants previously unknown to pharmacy, which was not without its mistakes. Misrecognised plants that became drug ingredients could exert unintended effects in therapy, undermining the authority of physicians, hindering the evaluation of drugs and threatening to fl ood scientifi c pharmacy with a stream of erroneous knowledge. Continued practical self-education of pharmacists in the fi eld of plant taxonomy was therefore claimed.

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Poganek rutowaty (Peganum harmala L.) w tradycjach ludów Azji Środkowej i jego popularność w dobie pandemii COVID-19 – perspektywa antropologii medycznej

Author(s): Danuta Penkala-Gawęcka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

yrian rue (Peganum harmala L.) has been traditionally used in Central Asia for medical purposes, e.g. for treating skin diseases, joint pain, sore throat and cough. It is also applied as an apotropaic means – fumigation with the smoke of burning dried twigs of Syrian rue is commonly practised to ward off evil spirits, “evil eye” and other malevolent forces. According to the other explanations, it has purifying effects and kills microbes. In this article I briefl y outline early descriptions of Peganum harmala in the medical texts of scholars and physicians representing Greek- Arabic-Persian medicine, and focus on the role of this plant in people’s everyday life in Central Asia, based on my field materials from Afghanistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and literature. In addition, I present the career of Peganum harmala in Central Asian countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, when fumigation with its smoke has been widely practised to protect against the coronavirus. Syrian rue was also used – beside several other plants – by some heads of state, who promoted local traditional medicines at time when they were failing to tackle the pandemic crisis. Applying an anthropological perspective, I pay particular attention to the wider context of these developments and analyse socio-cultural, political and economic factors that have contributed to the increased popularity of Peganum harmala. I also point out possible benefits of testing traditional herbal medicines as potential treatments for COVID-19 and other viral infections and refer to Asian traditional medical systems, especially traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), whose contribution to overcoming the pandemic has been recognised by the WHO.

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Drzewa w ludowym obrazie świata. Przyczynek do badań nad wierzeniami ludowymi o drzewach, ich stosowaniu w magii i lecznictwie

Author(s): Elżbieta Szot-Radziszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The subject of the article are folk beliefs concerning trees and their use in magic and medicine. The source basis for the presented descriptions, analyzes and interpretations are materials obtained during ethnographic field research in the Kielce region, which I conducted in 2010–2021, and published works. In the article I present cultural images of selected trees functioning in the minds of the inhabitants of Kielce villages. The analysis of the acquired ethnographic materials made it possible to find out how people think about trees as important elements of the cultural landscape, how they perceive them, what beliefs they connect with, and in the treatment of what ailments they use them. The phenomenon of a tree in folk culture results both from the mythical worldview, i.e. specific attitudes of rural residents towards natural phenomena, as well as from the specific features that trees have.The most important aspect determining the place of trees in the folk image of the world is their personification, ascribing to them the mediating features of the cosmic tree and the tree of life. Hence their significant position in the mental picture of the world and rich symbolism manifested in magical and religious rituals, vegetation rituals and healing practices with the participation of trees.

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Wprowadzenie: Bio-aktywne rumowisko historii cz. II. Jak zapamiętać zgliszcza?

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Introduction: Bio-active debris of history, part II. How to remember the ruins?

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Żywe archiwum. Więcej-niż-ludzkie obecności w siedliskach ruderalnych

Author(s): Martyna Dziadek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Ruderal ecologies can be regarded as places where more-than-human actants start to operate. In this article, places abandoned by a man, are called “prospective ruination” to emphasize the verb of decomposition function and to reorient the cognitive perspective of decay into the future, understood as a new human and more-than-human ruderal assemblages of culture-natures. The author of this text truly believes, that providing this kind of view, expands the Polish imaginary related to the rubble, reorienting the perspective of decay, to the vibrant more-than-human agencies and forces. The subject of the research reflection on ruderal ecologies (Caitlin DeSilvey), which constitute a. living archive, is Karolina Grzywnowicz’s project Weeds exhibited in 2015 at Zachęta in Warsaw. By introducing the term “biomnemonic witness” (gr. Mnemosyne, goodness of memory), the author emphasizes the subjectivity of the plant kingdom and its floral agencies in creating cultural and biological entanglements. The coda of the sketch problematizes the notion of a living archive and determines the trajectory of getting out of the anthropocentric cognitive impasse.

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Wyścig do marki uczelni przyjaznej dla klimatu. Studium Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w rankingach szkół wyższych odpowiedzialnych środowiskowo

Author(s): Michał Pałasz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

The paper addresses the issue of the potential impact of a university’s presence in the rankings of climate friendly HEIs on its brand and activities, filling a research gap in this area. It starts with a discussion of the concepts of a brand, its personality and strength, presenting selected brand rankings as well as criteria for rankings of climate friendly universities, having outlined the specificity of a climate responsible HEI brand. Afterwards it presents answers to the research questions which were obtained using the desk research method obtained using the desk research method: how the Jagiellonian University is currently performing in the rankings of climate friendly universities and what aspirational reference points can be identified for it. The subjects of the study were three leading rankings published in 2023, which assessed HEIs in terms of their climate actions and the position of the Jagiellonian University in them – both globally and in relation to groups of universities from Poland, Central Europe, European Union and the UNA Europa network. As a result of benchmarking, groups of HEIs brands were mapped as they could constitute reference points for the activities of the Jagiellonian University and other Polish universities. The impact of climate friendly HEIs rankings on the brand and activities of a university is based not only on the need to meet participation criteria, but also on creating social pressure related to comparing brands, and on the need to ensure the coherence of the brand of a climate friendly university on the principle of positive feedback loop.

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From Online Forums to Societal Insights: Mapping Bulgarian Science Dialogue Through Birth Cohorts, Social Class, Trust, and Beliefs

Author(s): Svetlomir Zdravkov,Martin Ivanov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This study employs an innovative approach to untangle the intricate web of science dialogue in Bulgarian online forums, providing insights into the societal patterns that influence these discussions. Using advanced topic modelling techniques, we meticulously map the dominant topics that emerge from Bulgarian online forum discussions, revealing how science is intertwined with the everyday lives and interests of the population. Our research extends beyond the digital domain a representative survey to explore the socio-demographic nuances of the individuals involved in these science conversations. By categorising participants according to their birth cohort, we explore generational perspectives on science. Similarly, we dissect the discourse through the prism of social class, describing how education, income, and occupation shape engagement in scientific dialogue. Trust in institutions emerges as a key axis in our analysis, shedding light on how different levels of trust in societal structures influence the nature and tone of scientific discussions. We also explore the ideological underpinnings of these conversations, examining how personal beliefs and values steer the discourse in different directions. Through a comparative analysis using pseudo-R-squared values, we delineate the explanatory power of each factor – birth cohorts, social class, trust in institutions, and beliefs providing a nuanced understanding of the forces that animate science dialogue in Bulgarian online forums. Our findings not only provide a detailed view of the current state of science communication in Bulgaria but also illuminate the broader societal dynamics at play. By linking online discussions on science with demographic realities, this study contributes valuable insights into the complex interplay between science communication, public engagement, and societal factors, paving the way for informed strategies to promote a more enlightened and inclusive science discourse in Bulgaria.

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Evolutionism in the work of Uroš Milanković

Author(s): Aleksandar S. Ilinčić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2024

With the assumption that the work of the intellectual Uroš Milanković (1800–1849) can be marked as pioneering in terms of the beginning of the evolutionist idea within Serbian philosophical and sociological heritage, the paper analyses the overall influences of evolutionism as a theory. Besides explaining general characteristic of evolutionism and comparing Milanković’s historical appearance in that context, the article also points to the interdependence of the formation of evolutionist tendencies and their reflections on society. In this manner, the research not only reexamines Milanković’s individual work and confirms the perception of him as a herald of evolutionism in Serbian culture, but it also uses the interdisciplinary approach which includes the analysis of Milanković’s writings and comparison with other theoreticians, giving a more complex assessment of the development of evolutionism in this era

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The Beauty of the Human Face in Contemporary Interdisciplinary Discourse

Author(s): Renáta Kišoňová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The face serves as a fascinating focal point for exploring different perspectives and attitudes on human nature, including their identity, boundaries, culture, roles, the function of looks, beauty, religion, imagination, memory and more. In this paper, I will explore the analysis of facial beauty in the framework of contemporary interdisciplinary research, particularly the realms of contemporary cognitive science, neuropsychology, and evolutionary biology. Why do we prefer some faces and not others? What mechanisms underlie the evaluation of some faces as more attractive than others? What is the role of evolution in our perception of facial beauty?

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IN MEMORIAM: PROFESORUL HENRI H. STAHL, 120 ANI DE LA NAŞTERE (1901−1991)

Author(s): Ioan Mărginean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2021

In Memoriam Henri H. Stahl (1901−1991).

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Impact of Infertility on the Institution of Marriage in Modern Society

Author(s): Farida ASHIRBAYEVA,Bayan SMAGAMBET,Almash TLESPAYEVA / Language(s): English Issue: 88/2025

The research relevance is determined by the demographic issues and psychological studies that have recently attracted the attention of specialists and the public, which highlight various problems of families with reproductive health disorders, and the reaction of society to infertility is one of the problems bothering people diagnosed with infertility. However, the issue of the psychological and reproductive characteristics of such families requires further study and elaboration. The research aims to study the impact of infertility problems in marriages of urban and rural women in Kazakhstan and the reaction of society to infertile couples. The study examines the main factors of impact on reproductive health, the causes of female and male infertility, and society’s assessment of childless couples. The experimental research was conducted in the central part of Kazakhstan: in the clinic of reproductive medicine and women’s consultation of a rural hospital. A total of 198 women from among the patients diagnosed with infertility were interviewed. The research showed that due to childlessness, women face stigmatisation in society: 21% of urban women and 78% of rural women. According to the medical anamneses studied, 154 infertile women were registered with the diagnosis of primary infertility. According to examination data, 44 women were found to have congenital or hereditary infertility. Almost all the women interviewed are satisfied with their family life. The method of comparative, systemic, logical, and content analysis, as well as the method of synthesis and analogy, were used in the study of this topic. The practical value of this article lies in the fact that the main provisions and obtained conclusions of the analysed material can be used in conducting classes in sociology, and psychology, used by students specialising in the field of infertility, conception, and reproductive health.

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