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Социалнопедагогическа подкрепа на момичета и жени с хомосексуална ориентация

Author(s): Yana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The present paper focuses on tracing the origins of the issue of “women’s homosexuality” as a phenomenon from the perspective of social pedagogy. It aims at developing effective models of supporting strategies for women with homosexual orientation and their families. These models would enable the adequate social inclusion of such women and would facilitate overcoming of the negative public attitudes towards them.

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Projektowanie krajobrazu pracy. Między praktyczną a krytyczną antropologią projektowania

Author(s): Jacek Gądecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

The article attempts to answer the question concerning the role anthropological reflection plays and should play in designing the work environment, or, more broadly – the workplace landscape. Drawing on Tim Ingold’s distinction between design anthropology and design ethnography, I offer an analysis of contemporary workplace landscapes and the practices of their design based on my own research experience. In doing so, I focus on two principal, i.e. “practical” and “critical”, elements of involvement of anthropology in these processes. The first case study concerns the practices of teleworkers and the question of reconciling their professional and private lives in the limited space of their homes in general, and dividing the space of home into the sphere of working and private life in particular. The second study (in which I am involved as an independent consultant working on a team designing the working style of a company) is concerned with the design of working space in a new building planned as a showcase of the firm called X.

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Decision Making Approaches for Complex Adaptive Systems in Built Environment

Author(s): Mei Lee / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2017

The decision processes in the construction industry are complex with several dimensions that have to be taken into consideration. These comprise, for instance, of the urban planning, health and safety, facilities management, and energy efficiency. The process of designing and erecting a building usually involves multiple and conflicting objectives such as cost, time, quality, resource utilization, to name a few. The decisions in addressing various aspects concerning the construction process and the sustainability of the end product are numerous and of the conflicting nature. Therefore, finding an appropriate decision making approach is the cornerstone of the effective decision process. This paper proposes the use of biomimicry and genetic algorithms as an alternative to the established practice in decision making for the complex and adaptive system in built environment.

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Scientific Discourses of Differentiation by Race, Gender, and Disability from the 19th Century Until Present Day

Author(s): Kylie Boazman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The conflicting understandings about different levels of pain in white and black bodies potentially lead to discriminatory practices in medical institutions, which have repercussions for individuals’ health and racially frames social relations. In addition to race, stereotypes about the experience of pain and emotion exist in relation to gender and disability,which I will argue throughout this article. These scientific and popular discourses underlined discriminatory practices while influencing how people thought about race, gender, and disability.

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Eugenics on the Periphery: Or Why a ‘Belarusian Eugenic Project’ Did Not Come True (1918–44)

Author(s): Andrei Zamoiski / Language(s): English Issue: 114/2016

The interwar period was characterized by the active development of national eugenics projects in Europe. A number of factors contributed to the interest in eugenics and the desire to implement them: the making of new states and consolidation of nations in East Central Europe, the need to overcome the legacy of the Great War and deal with social problems (for example, venereal diseases and prostitution), and the development of scientific and international academic contacts. Belarusian debates on eugenics took place mostly on the periphery of the more developed discourses – those in Russia, Poland, and, later on, in Germany. The Russian scholars in the larger university centres contributed to the development of the Soviet eugenics project, which gained the support of the Soviet authorities. In the first decade of their rule, the Bolsheviks were not against debates on eugenics about how to improve the ‘nature of man’. The Soviet eugenics project, which focused on studying problems of heredity, genetics, and genealogy, was stopped when the authorities placed rigid ideological controls over science. In Soviet Belarus, no academic circle appeared that engaged in the debates on eugenics. The development of the eugenics movement in Poland was closely linked to the formation of the newly established Polish state. After the Great War, the Polish eugenics movement made attempts to integrate itself into the public life of the country. Polish medical doctors contributed to the development of the eugenics movement. During the Second World War, a group of Belarusian nationalists tried to formulate a basis for a Belarusian racial eugenics project, following the main ideas of Nazi ‘racial hygiene’.

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PRAWO DO ZAWIERANIA MAŁŻEŃSTWA A WIZJA SEKSUALNOŚCI. INTERPRETACJA ETYCZNA

Author(s): Grzegorz Grzybek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2019

Taking into account the variety of potential visions of sexuality, modern ethical standards, the dissimilarity of vital women and man ethos, and the transformation of modern morality, in spite of a distaste for the religious environment, the right to marriage should be connected with the right the dissolution of a marriage. The postulated equality means equality of this law for both woman and man, which was historically connected with different entitlements.

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Unele modele matematice de sisteme dinamice pentru evoluția populațiilor

Author(s): Eugen Vasile / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Some theoretical dynamic system models of the evolution of "populations" are considered, and by analysing them the paper offers the concrete form of equations, a standard and concise form of notations, and a proper terminology and symbolism facilitating the analysis, numerical simulation and some qualitative interpretations or model extensions. Numerical simulations based on the presented models were performed in the MathCAD software environment. Beyond some mathematical observations, the conclusion is that reality is always more complex than the models.

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The interactive context of discovering the category of corporeality in a phenomenological approach

Author(s): Alicja Długołęcka / Language(s): English Issue: 21 (28)/2019

The article presents different ways of dealing with the subject of the body and corporeality in the humanities, which can form the epistemiological and axiological basis in a reflection on the psycho- and physiotherapeutic relationship with patients, and confronts them with the results of two qualitative studies based on the grounded theory concerning exploration by women of their own body and experiencing their own corporeality, intimacy and touch in medical relations. The author shows that phenomenological philosophy, taking into account the concepts of “carnal self” and “presence of the embodied” that human knowledge always has a carnal character, is the most adequate for use in analyses regarding therapeutic interactions related to the body. Analysis of qualitative research on the process of realising your own corporeality in the cognitive-emotional dimension in the relationship with oneself and in the therapeutic relationship fully confirms the legitimacy of applying the grounded theory method in the study of phenomena regarding carnality and such values as gratitude, mindfulness, care, efficiency and autonomy emerge.

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Review of Bucur’s Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania

Author(s): Dan Stone / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2003

The review of: Eugenics and Modernization in Interwar Romania by Maria Bucur. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2002 (Pitt Series in Russian and East European Studies). pp. 298 + vi, notes, bibliography, index.

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Gender in the Post-Socialist Transition: The Abortion Debate in Hungary

Author(s): Susan Gal / Language(s): English Issue: 02/1994

Historical periods have different meanings and implications when seen from the vantage point of women rather than men. For instance, feminist interpretations of the French Revolution show how the social theories, cultural constructions, and ideologies that inspired and guided events were "emancipatory" for non-aristocratic men, licensing their greater participation in public life, but the very same theories. Introduced a new gendering of politics that worked to exclude women of the popular classes and women of the aristocracy who had been powerful in the Old Regime. Similarly, while the Italian Renaissance is usually seen as a time of general expansion in many such cultural spheres as knowledge, artistic expression, and novel forms of social relations, the very changes which brought these for men resulted in a contraction of social and personal options for women. [...]

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Species of mammals disappeared from the Fagaras Mountains (Southern Carpathians) and the opportunity of their reintroduction

Author(s): Adrian Mestecăneanu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

The opportunity of the reintroduction of some species of mammals in the Făgăraş Mountains, after that the European bison (Bison bonasus) (Linnaeus, 1758) and the European beaver (Castor fiber) Linnaeus, 1758 reintroduction is already in progress, is analyzed in this paper. It was stated that the bobak marmot (Marmotabobak) (Müller, 1766) and the Saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica) (Linnaeus, 1766) most likely never lived in the area and their reintroduction is, thus, impossible, the Przewalski΄s horse (Equus przewalskii f. gmelini) (Antonius, 1920)and the Mongolian khulan (Equus hemionus hemionus) Pallas, 1775 probably lived in the historical times in the forests and could be reintroduced, but rather in the nearby plain areas, the aurochs (Bos primigenius) Bojanus,1827 existed in the area until a few hundred years ago, but its reintroduction is unfeasible, because, currently, the species is globally extinct, the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) Linnaeus, 1758 certainly lived here, but its reintroduction depends on the cause and the moment of disappearance, still doubtful, and the elk (Alces alces) Linnaeus, 1758probably survived in the area after 15th century and could be reintroduced, but without the guarantee that it will remain stable in the area.

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Value Orientations and Social Differences in the Attitudes Toward Voluntary Childlessness Among Young Adults in Bulgaria

Author(s): Elitsa Dimitrova,Tatyana Kotzeva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The aim of the study is to explore the dynamics of social-demographic differences between young adults in Bulgaria who have negative attitudes, remain neutral toward or accept voluntary childlessness. The analysis is based on data from the European Social Survey (Bulgarian dataset) conducted in 2006 and 2018. A descriptive trend analysis is applied to reveal the dynamics of the attitudes toward male or female voluntary childlessness among different socio-demographic groups. The analysis reveals an increasing trend of neutrality and a slight increase in the affirmative attitudes toward VC among different socio-demographic groups. Applied correlation analysis shows a significant association between the attitudes toward voluntary childlessness, non-marital unions and parenthood in such unions, divorce of parents with small children and mothers’ early return to work. The present study also outlines the differences in the general value orientations of the individuals who reject, remain neutral or accept voluntary childlessness. Young adults with neutral or affirmative attitudes support to a lesser degree the traditional norms related to modesty, obedience, and respect for the traditional authorities, and strongly emphasize freedom of self-expression, independence, joy and excitement in life, and trust in others.

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In vitro fertilization from an anonymous donor – dilemmas from the aspect of bioethics and the child’s right to know his/her biological origins

Author(s): Ana Čović,Bogdana Stjepanović / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2022

In recent decades, we have witnessed significant changes in the field of family law and a changed social reality, which brought with it changes in legal regulations in international law and comparative legislation of various countries. When discussing the issues that concern human life, death, health, and in this relation the abuse of certain medical devices and treatments, it appears that the issues that give rise to the strongest controversy are the issues of euthanasia and abortion, the issue of organ donation, as well as the issues of surrogacy and in vitro fertilisation, especially in situations when the donor is anonymous. In this situation, the question of the child’s right to know his/her biological origins may reasonably be raised, since this is one of his/her fundamental, guaranteed rights, the exercise of which does not depend, and can never depend, on the willingness of the state, i.e., its authorities, and individuals who participate in the birth of a child with the use of reproductive technologies. The question is raised as to whether the right to plan a family and the right to decide freely on having a child in these situations are in complete contrast with the right of the child to have access to the truth about his/her biological origins and biological parents, regardless of primary motivation for making decision on the participation in this process, this process also acquiring over time some elements of genetic engineering, and the result of which is a living being with conscience, emotional, social, and psychological needs, but also all the rights that derive from natural law, given by God, which exists independently of the legislator, that can govern any matter in a way that at a certain time (does not) correspond to a wider social consensus. The authors will present in this paper an overview of certain comparative legal solutions in this area, as well as court rulings that call into question the legality and ethics of the procedures implemented so far, as well as their consequences that we are still to face in the years to come, with the aim of establishing whether the right to decide freely on having a child in these cases and the child’s right to know his/her biological origins are in complete contrast or whether these two rights may be reconciled after all.

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Etnobotanika, etnomedycyna i etnografia w Polsce

Author(s): Zbigniew Libera / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article describes a selected ethnologist’s point of view on ethnobotany and ethnomedicine: 1. by what citeria are Possible assessments of the rationality and effectiveness of plant medcines in folk culture, 2. what are the folk justifications for choosing plants for specific purposes, for medicinal purposes.

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Użytkowe i symboliczne znaczenie roślin leczniczych na planie opactwa Sankt Gallen (pocz. IX wieku)

Author(s): Norbert Mojżyn / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The world of the Latin Middle Ages was marked by the spiritual-corporeal binomial: the real space was connected with many threads with the spiritual space. Religious symbolism and imagination played a huge role in this binomial. A particular concentration of symbolic and mystical-allegorical meanings was present in the monastic space (Latin claustrum). Monks living in monasteries were separated by a double barrier from the world: real – by walls and symbolic – internal discipline (rule). This separation was archetypal – in monasteries there was a border between the cosmos and chaos, between the earthly paradise (paradisus terrestris) and the damned world (terra damnata). In such an antithetical, terrestrial and supernatural key, the culture of the Middle Ages read various elements of monastic life, defi ned by the vectors of time and place, ranging from the symbolism of the temple as the eschatological Heavenly Jerusalem, through buildings and monastery gardens (biblical Eden), ending with the plants cultivated in them. Plants were grown in monasteries for functional (edible and medicinal) reasons, as well as for spiritual reasons (they were attributed apotropaic properties) and for aesthetic reasons (beauty was also considered a spiritual factor). Medicines were seen in medicinal plants for the body and soul. They had an important symbolic and religious meaning in the monastic life, they symbolized virtues or sins. Such an understanding of plants can be found in an important document that was created in the Carolingian era, the plan of the Benedictine abbey in Saint Gall. The abbey plan provides precise information not only about the structure of the monastery buildings, but also about medicinal plants, individual species and places of their cultivation within the monastery walls.

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Morwa biała (Morus alba L.) w ujęciu naukowym i kulturowym. Od jedwabnictwa do papieru

Author(s): Joanna Grześkowiak,Anna Maria Brandys / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

Sericulture dates back to ancient China. Today it is defined as a branch of agriculture dealing with the cultivation of mulberry for the purpose of silkworm farming and the production of silk. Due to the fact that the mulberry silkworm larvae eat white mulberry leaves, it is a plant inextricably linked with silkworm farming and, consequently the production of silk. Although white mulberry is mainly associated with the cultivation of mulberry silkworms, thanks to its numerous and unique properties, it is a plant that can be used in various branches of the economy, as well as a research object of interest to scientists representing various fields of science. Thanks to the content of many bioactive substances, micro- and macroelements and vitamins, it has been used in herbal medicine, pharmacology and medicine. The richness of bioactive compounds makes it also an attractive raw material for the food and cosmetic industry. At the same time, due to its high energy value, mulberry belongs to the group of energy crops. Both the unique properties of mulberry and the traditions associated with its cultivation have made it a plant appreciated not only by science, but also left its mark in culture, as it has accompanied people for centuries. It is not surprising, therefore, that mulberry was recorded in poems, folk proverbs and on painting canvases, including the most famous brush by Vincent van Gogh – “Mulberry Tree in Autumn”. On the other hand, the processing of mulberry silkworm cocoons into high-quality yarns, and ultimately into delicate but durable fabrics, had a significant impact on the development of art. Both in terms of the so-called applied arts, but also those referred to as beaux-arts. And although the definitions of art have changed throughout history – regardless of period or era – silk was invariably appreciated by artists and craftsmen. Thanks to its properties, quality and aesthetics, silk fiber offers a wide range of possibilities for use in papermaking, which is also important in the cultural context.

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Zastosowanie kapusty głowiastej białej w polskim lecznictwie ludowym

Author(s): Robert Gruszecki,Magdalena Walasek-Janusz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

White cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) was one of the staple food plants in ancient rural communities. It was not only the main ingredient of many dishes, but even a symbol of abundance. The high availability of this plant, both fresh and pickled, throughout the year, created great opportunities to use it not only as food but also as a medicinal plant. The aim of the study was to present the medicinal uses of raw materials obtained from white cabbage in Polish folk medicine. The available studies show that traditional Polish folk medicine not only used fresh cabbage leaves, but also fermented leaves or sauerkraut juice. Sometimes the use of seed, stalks and fresh leaf juice were recommended. Unlike most medicinal plants, dried raw material was used very rarely. The most commonly used raw materials were fresh or lacto-fermented without prior preparation, rarely before use they were crushed, roasted, made into infusions, boiled or soaked in vinegar. It was believed that cabbage provides health and strengthens the body, and children who eat cabbage grow quickly. For medicinal purposes, this plant was used for numerous ailments and parasites of the digestive tract: abdominal pain, constipation, stomach and liver diseases, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and hemorrhoids. It has also been used in dermatological problems and as an analgesic, e.g. for headaches and rheumatic pains. The properties of cabbage were also used in the treatment of female ailments related to pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The collected information indicates that white cabbage has been used in folk medicine in many ways, and its various applications should not escape the attention of modern medicine.

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Medykamenty roślinne w szlacheckich regestrach zakupów, receptach i poradnikach medycznych w XVIII wieku

Author(s): Bożena Popiołek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

“Pharmacy expenses”, prescriptions, herbariums and medical handbooks are important sources for research on the history of medicine and pharmacy. They give an idea of both the level of pharmacy and court health care, as well as cultural trends in the field of health care, which were adhered to by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth’s society, and which were largely based on plant products. However, these sources are often fragmented, undated and anonymous, scattered in various collections, which we are not able to attribute to specific persons. It is also worth paying attention to the herbariums and pharmacopoeia, printed in mass since the mid-17th century, which are a kind of guide for pharmacists and medics who prepared drugs and prescribed medications to their patients. In the court’s libraries we can find medical handbooks that contained easy-to-prepare recipes, usually based on popular herbs found in the country, and served as first aid pharmaceuticals. Although the phytotherapeutic knowledge of this period was still based on the works of ancient authors, it was supplemented by the information about treatment possibilities of the new raw materials of herbal and mineral origin, which was caused by Europe’s opening to new continents and wide trade exchange with Asia, Africa and the Americas.

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Czy ziołolecznictwo ludowe jest ludowe? Na marginesie dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowiecznych debat wokół korzeni fitoterapii

Author(s): Joanna Partyka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The question of the direction of information fl ow related to herbal treatment has been a topic of interest for researchers for centuries. However, “infl uenceology,” which involves identifying mutual relationships and dependencies, can be misleading, especially when seeking one-way solutions as a desirable form of response to issues related to broadly defi ned cultural phenomena. The term “infl uence-ology” was coined by literary scholars criticizing the positivist methodology derived from evolutionism. This methodology focused on fi nding all possible infl uences between literary works, resulting in often unwarranted and even ridiculous conclusions, and above all, leading to the squandering of what is the essence of literature. It seems that an ethnologist tracing infl uence in the context of herbal medicine loses sight of what is the essence of folk culture. The question “Is folk herbalism folk?” assumes a historical and source nature and contains an evolutionary desire to determine a one-way infl uence. Although poorly posed, it opens up the fi eld for presenting arguments that the parties used in the discussion. These considerations are the subject of this article.

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Źródła wiedzy panien apteczkowych: tradycje słowiańskie czy śródziemnomorskie?

Author(s): Iwona Arabas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

In the 19th century, the medicine cabinets at the manors of Polish nobility became a legitimate presence in the Polish provinces: defi ned in encyclopaedias and dictionaries and included in the laws on pharmacies. Their caretakers (“panny apteczkowe”) obtained their knowledge from home silva rerum, herbal books or their copies. The women taking care of the household medicine cabinets grew herbs themselves or bought them from rural herbalists with whom they exchanged information about the healing effect.It remains an open question whether the knowledge of medicinal plants considered folk belongs to our Slavic tradition or to the Greco-Latin civilisation.

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