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Antibacterial effect of essential oils of two plants Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Artemisia herba alba on some bacterial strains

Author(s): Hayette Bouabida,D. Dris,M. Houhamdi,H. Fenghour / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Essential oils are secondary plant metabolites and have many therapeutic properties. The aim of our study is to determine the antibacterial effect of the essential oils of two plants cultivated in a semi-arid region located in the Northeast of Algeria (Tebessa), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) and Artemisia herba alba (Asteraceae). The yield of essential oils of the two plants were 1.45 ± 0.026 and 1.21 ± 0.061 g/100 g of the dry matter of the aerial part respectively. The test of the antibacterial effect is based on the diffusion method on solid medium (sensitivity), this method allows us to determine the susceptibility or resistance of an organism vis-à-vis the sample studied. Our study reveals that E. camaldulensis essential oil had very strong activity on all bacterial strains tested, except on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis for which there was no inhibitory effect. However, A. herba alba essential oil had very strong activity on all bacterial strains tested except on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MIC of Artemisia essential oil ranged between 0.08 and 1.57 µL/mL, with the lowest activity for S. aureus and P. mirabilis (1.57 µL/mL) and the highest activity was observed against E. feacalis, E. coli, and K. pneumonia (0.09 µL/mL). The MIC of the second plant EO ranged between 0.08 and 0.36 µL/mL, with the lowest activity for P. mirabilis (0.36 µL/mL) and the highest one was observed against S. saprophyticus and E. coli (0.08 µL/mL). Statistical analysis shows that the two plants have the same efficacy against S. saprophyticus while E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis species are affected more by the essential oil of A. herba alba. While, E. camaldulensis has a higher efficiency than that of A. herba alba on the species: S. aureus and E. coli. Therefore, the essential oils of E. camaldulensis and A. herba alba suggests avenues for further non clinical and clinical studies.

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Antibiofilm forming, antimicrobial activity and some biochemical properties of Vaccinium vitis idaea leaf and berry extracts on Staphylococcus aureus

Author(s): M. V. Kryvtsova,I. Salamon,J. Koscova,M. Y. Spivak / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Infections caused by Staphylococcus genus bacteria remain a relevant problem due to the high percentage of antibiotic-resistant biofilm-forming strains of isolates of this genus. Herbs are a promising source for many biologically active compounds with antimicrobial properties. The aim of the research was to study the antimicrobial and antibiofilm formation activity of berry and leaf extracts of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. upon clinical isolates of S. aureus, and the main biochemical properties of these extracts. For the purpose of analysis, we used S. aureus isolated from the mouth cavities and pharynx of human patients suffering from inflammatory diseases. The plants for the study were gathered in Pylypets, Mizhhiria rayon, Zakarpatska oblast (Transcarpathia). From Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., leaf and berry extracts were produced. To determine the chemical properties of the extracts, the following constituents were investigated: total tannin, flavonoids, total phenols, anthocyanins (by spectrophotometric method), and the total amount of vitamin C in berry extract (chromatographically). The antimicrobial activity was studied by diffusion-into-agar method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. The antibiofilm activity of the extracts was tested in standard 96-well microtitration plates. The main chemical composition of ethyl extracts of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. berries and leaves was identified. The level of tannins in leaf extracts was established to be higher than in fruit extracts (3.50% and 0.26% per 100 g of extract, respectively). It was shown that extracts of V. vitis-idaea berries and leaves demonstrate high antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of S. aureus. Further it was established that leaf extracts had high ability to destroy the bacterial biofilm of S. aureus. Leaf extracts were also able to destroy the formed biofilm. Even in the 0.01% concentration, leaf extract inhibited the formation of the biofilm by 69.9% and caused the destruction of the formed biofilm by 62.5%. Thereby, the obtained results show good prospects for the use of V. vitis-idaea leaf extracts as an anti-staphylococcal remedy with antibiofilm forming properties.

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Archaeology, Evolution and Darwinism

Author(s): Aleksandar Palavestra,Marko Porčić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2008

This paper presents a short history of the influence evolutionary thinking has had on anthropology and archaeology. The focus is on four major "schools" in evolutionist thought: the classical evolutionism of the 19th century, Neo-evolutionism, social biology (sociobiology) and Neo-Darwinian archaeology. The basic conclusion of this text is that the idea of socio-cultural evolution, understood in the broadest sense, has left a lasting impression on anthropological and archeological theory, and that it still represents a useful theoretical framework for new research.

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Around the Bloc: Georgian Anti-Hep C Project an Overwhelming Success

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Around the Bloc: Georgian Anti-Hep C Project an Overwhelming Success

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 05/16/2017

Large-scale elimination of virus is the result of pilot program launched by U.S. pharmaceutical manufacturer, which offered free treatment to hepatitis patients.

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ASPECTE BIOFIZICE ALE ACŢIUNII CÂMPURILOR ELECTROSTATICE ŞI ULTRASONICE ASUPRA MICROORGANISMELOR

Author(s): I. Gabriel Năstase,Dan C. Badea,Dragoş Ionuţ G. Năstase / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 26/2016

Living cells differ in electrical potential between inside and outside the cell, both in rest (membrane potential) and during cell (action potential). One of the most popular in terms of electrical behavior of cells, is to align the application of an electrostatic field, so much focused their direction becomes perpendicular to the electric current. Achieved through experience, has proved that high-voltage pulses can destroy microorganisms. Another effective way to destroy microorganisms is ultrasound. At certain values of the ultrasonic field intensity and duration of ultrasonic, can destroy the protozoa, bacteria, viruses.

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Asymmetric hybridization of roach Rutilus rutilus and common bream Abramis brama in controlled backcrosses: Genetic and morphological patterns

Author(s): V. V. Stolbunova,V. V. Pavlova,Y. V. Kodukhova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

In most cases in natural environments, hybrids of roach Rutilus rutilus L. and bream Abramis brama L. possess mitochondrial DNA of bream. Presumably, the genetic basis for unidirectional hybridization of roach and bream is the high level of divergence in the genes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (cytochrome b and cytochrome c oxidase subunits I, III). Disruption of the interaction of the products of these genes leads to nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibility of alien genomes, what is shown in a decrease of viability and developmental abnormalities in hybrids. In the present work we studied the viability and morphology of hybrid underyearlings obtained by crossing of hybrid females of first generation (RA and AR) with males of roach R. rutilus and bream A. brama. The method of genotyping (ITS1 ribosomal DNA, cytochrome b mtDNA) and comparative analysis of the complex of 23 plastic and meristic characteristics of backcrossed hybrids are used. All progenies showed an increase in morphological variability compared to parental species and F1 hybrids. In progenies with introgression of mtDNA, a violation of associations between traits and the formation of transgressive phenotypes that go beyond the parental populations were found. In RAA backcrosses (combining mtDNA of R. rutilus and nuclear genome of A. brama) a decrease in viability with impaired recovery of external traits of bream was found. Conversely, ARR backcrosses (combining mtDNA of A. brama and the nuclear genome of R. rutilus) have a high viability and completely restore the morphotype of roach, which indicates the stable development of hybrids when they include alien genetic material. The differences in viability and morphology between backcrossed hybrids with the mtDNA of R. rutilus and A. brama evidence varying degrees of nuclear-cytoplasmic compatibility of the genomes of roach and bream. The complete interaction between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA from different species (wild-type-like) happens in direction of introgression mtDNA of A. brama, the less polymorphic of the two parental genomes. In the direction of introgression of highly polymorphic mtDNA of R. rutilus the formation of a reproductive barrier occurs. Our results show that the main reason for the asymmetry of hybridization of R. rutilus and A. brama is unequal rates of mitochondrial evolution and the priority of the introgression of mtDNA belongs a species with a lower rate of changes in mtDNA.

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Australian Kinship

Author(s): Lyle B. Steadman / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2005

There is a strange custom in Australia, among the Aborigines. A man and his wife give their five-year-old daughter to a young boy to be the little boy’s future mother-in-law. From that moment on, throughout their lives, the boy will call the girl “mother-in-law”, will show her extreme respect, will never be familiar with her, and will send her gifts of meat when he’s successful in hunting. Thirty or forty years later, when they have grown up, the boy’s “mother-in-law” will begin sending him her daughters as wives as they reach fifteen years of age or so. In my talk today I shall use Darwinian selection theory to offer an explanation of this strange custom, which may, until recently, have been extremely widespread, perhaps universal in the 500 or so tribes that covered Australia.

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Bacillariophyta of the Yavorivsky National Park, Broadleaf Forest Zone of Ukraine, including Сaloneis albus-columba, sp. nov.

Author(s): L. N. Bukhtiyarova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are one of the major biological components in all kinds of aquatic ecosystems both in freshwater and marine ones. The nature reserve fund of Ukraine includes 52 national parks, in the vast majority of which Bacillariophyta have not been studied. This investigation presents first data on the diatoms in Yavorivsky National Park located in Lviv region. The material consists of the epiphytic samples of microalgae that were collected from different substrates in aquatic ecosystems of the Yavorivsky National Park in 2014. In the hydrotopes of the park 180 diatom species from 56 genera were found, among them Achnanthidium catenatum (Bily & Marvan) Lange-Bertalot, Cymbopleura apiculata Krammer, Fallacia sublucidula (Hustedt) D. G. Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann, Gomphonema lagenula Kützing, G. supersedens Reichardt, G. pseudopusillum Reichardt, Paraplaconeis minor (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot, Placoneis constans (Hustedt) E. J. Cox, Psammothidium bioretii (Germain) Bukhtiyarova & Round, P. vernadskyi Bukhtiyarova et Stanislavskaya, Sellaphora gracillima Zidarova, Kopalová & Van de Vijver, S. insolita (Manguin) Hamilton et Antoniades, Stauroneis fluminopsis Van de Vijver et Lange-Bertalot were recorded for the first time in Ukraine. Besides that, Amphora hemicycla Stoermer & J. J. Yang and Sellaphora bacilloides (Hustedt) Levkov, Krstic & Nakov also were new findings in the country from the Broadleaf Forest Zone of Ukraine. Many species rare in the world flora and in Ukraine were found. A new diatom species Сaloneis albus-columba Bukhtiyarova, sp. nov., was described from the pond in stationary recreation area Kozulka. This new species possesses strongly three-undulate valves with three rhombic segments, which in morphology is most similar to Caloneis lamella Zakrzewski, however it differs from it by having rhombic distal valve segments instead of oval ones as well as noticeably smaller width of the central valve segment. The morphology of other similar species is discussed. For proper description of the new species new definitions for the raphe system morphology were grounded on functional morphology of the diatom frustule. New combinations Iconella alaskaensis (Foged) Bukhtiyarova, comb. et stat. nov., Iconella baltica (Schumann) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella brebissonii (Krammer & Lange-Bertalot) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella brightwellii (W. Smith) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella constricta (Grunow) Bukhtiyarova, comb. et stat. nov., Iconella didyma (Kützing) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov. and Iconella elegans (Ehrenberg) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov. were formally proposed. The lectotype for Eunotia glacialis F. Meister was designated here. Illustrations with light and scanning electron microscopy are presented. A primary inventory of Bacillariophyta and their subsequent study on protected territories in Ukraine is still an important task in the context of preservation of biodiversity of the country.

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BANKE HUMANOG MLEKA I SRODSTVO PO MLEKU U ISLAMU - PROBLEMI I PERSPEKTIVE

Author(s): Tamara Zarić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2021

Human milk banks are non-profitable organizations which have been established in order to collect, screen, process and distribute donor breastmilk. Even though they are known to the society since the early twentieth century, at the end of last century they experienced massive proliferation. Currently, there are over seven hundred and fifty human milk banks in the world, but their geographical positioning is uneven – most of them are located in Europe, Latin and North America. The establishment of human milk banks in the “Muslim world” is blocked by existence of specific kind of kinship – milk kinship – which is codified and institutionalized by Qur’an, hadiths and sharia. The intention of this paper is to answer the question why does the concept of milk kinship, when it is in collision with the way that human milk banks are organized, causes such divergence within Muslim community. At the same time, the emergence of “bioethics” itself represents one of the most crucial events of twentieth century. In relation to this, the aim of the paper is to cover main Islamic bioethical tenets, as well as the stances of Islamic “bioethical bodies” toward human milk banks. Qur’an and hadiths were used as main theological-juristic foundation of Islam, along with fatwas issued by individuals and Islamic organizations. Special attention will be paid to the fatwa written by Yusuf al-Qaradawi, as It represents one of the most significant problematizations of human milk banking phenomenon.

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Becoming liminal – existence in anti-structure

Author(s): Karolina Żyniewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 21 (28)/2019

This paper is based both on my empirical experience, related to the implementation of artistic projects in biological laboratories, and on theoretical consideration. It focuses on the cultural and biological meaning of liminality. First, I introduce the idea of liminality derived from anthropology, and more precisely from the theory of the trigeminal structure of ritual as formulated by Arnold van Gennep and developed by Victor Turner. Then, to those anthropological theories pertaining to culture I add the voice of Susan Merill Squier, who draws attention to the fact that technological changes around our corporeality should affect the expansion of liminality and its biological significance. Finally, I refer to her concept of the existence of liminal beings − non-human agents living in the area of the in-between, between any current form of embodiment and a future one. In Squier’s opinion in being humans we become liminal while coexistence with liminal beings can help us to pass this important bio cultural ritual. I would like to post the question: what does this coexistence look like? Can bio art create an opportunity for this coexistence?

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BESLENMENİN ÖNEMİ VE ERGOJENİK BESLENME TAKVİYELERİNİN BESLENMEDEKİ YERİ İLE SPORDA KULLANIMI

Author(s): Onur Oral,Kerim Bakan,Anna Suza,Solmaz P. Hasdemir,George Nomikos,Nuray Öztaşan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2016

Sports activities in science and technology has brought great success. The distorting the concept of fair play by the strain of the limits of the athletes physical borders leads a new industry. It should be noted that in sports science should be used correctly and equitable. While it has been discovered the secrets of human physiology, scientists are trying to determine the limits of the right amount and form of nutrition and supplements. These studies are in line with the coach and athlete is necessary to define the limits of ergogenic supports the concept of fair play within the framework of this science.

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Bioarcheologia niepełnosprawności

Author(s): Magdalena Matczak,Jane E. Buikstra,Jessica Pearson,Andrzej Marek Wyrwa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

The authors discuss disability research conducted within the framework of the bioarcheology of disability – a trend that has seen dynamic development in recent years. They outline the history of this research, its goals, methods and theoretical approaches. Bioarcheology, which focuses on studying osteological material in a cultural context, provides meaningful information on the diseases and impairments experienced by people in the past. This research has shown that different attitudes to disabled people have been adopted across the ages. Discussing these attitudes, the authors focus on care and concern for disabled people. They then present the debate on the key research problems of the bioarcheology of disability and make new research proposals.

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Biodiversity and dynamics of plant groups of Chebket El Melhassa region (Algeria)

Author(s): B. Maamar,B. Nouar,L. Soudani,M. Maatoug,M. Azzaoui,M. Kharytonov,O. Wiche,O. Zhukov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This article examines phytoecological aspects of plant groups in the Chebket El Melhassa region (Tiaret-Ouest Algérien) by several types of analysis: biological, biogeographic and statistical. From the plant analysis, a list of 103 taxa distributed in 36 families was compiled, biologically characterized by a dominance of therophytes (45.6%) with species of the Mediterranean biogeographic type 20 species (19.8%) assuming particular importance. The ordination of the plant community was performed in the search for the optimum solution based on correlation with environmental factors, estimated using the phytoindication approach. The results reveal that the plants represented in the community, mostly prefer strongly lit places. Phytoindication shows a warm sub Mediterranean climate. Continentality corresponds to the sub-oceanic climate. The moisture regime ranges from strongly dry to dry soil. The plant community is formed on moderately acid soils. Plants are able to grow on both strongly acidic and neutral soils. The soil is very poor or poor in nitrogen. A four dimension variant of multidimensional scaling procedure was selected as the most appropriate decision. Dimensions selected after nonmetric multidimensional scaling were interpreted by computing weighted average scores of ecological factors for ordination configuration. Four of the plant species clusters were found to be the optimal solution on the basis of the Calinsky-Harabasz criteria. The clusters can be viewed as a functional group. Functional group A is quite diverse and represented by 42 species. This functional group is closest to the community optimum because in all four space dimensions the corresponding cluster is near the origin, which corresponds to the most typical ecological conditions. Species that constitute the group B prefer minimum values of dimension 2. This indicates a preference for illuminated sites with high temperature regime and low soil humidity. This group includes 32 species. A feature of group С is that it is located in the area of maximum values for dimension 2. Thus, this functional group is opposite to functional group B. This indicates a preference of species included in the functional group C for wetter soils. Functional group C comprises 21 species. Functional group D differs considerably from all others in its ecological characteristics. The difference is in the preference for minimum values for measurement 1. This suggests that more acid soils are optimal for a given functional group. Functional group E comprises 8 species.

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Biodiversity of the Regional Landscape Park Samara Plavni within the first large reservoir in Europe Biodiversity of the Regional Landscape Park Samara Plavni within the first large reservoir in Europe

Author(s): B. A. Baranovski,I. A. Ivanko,V. Y. Gasso,O. L. Ponomarenko,D.V. Dubyna,N. O. Roshchyna,L. O. Karmyzova,J. L. Polevа,V. V. Nikolaieva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

The creation of reservoirs in river valleys for the accumulation of fresh water has been and remains an important issue around the world. This process has both positive and negative consequences for people and nature. Significant changes in the regime of rivers and their valleys, flooding of meadows and forests, flooding of soils and changes in the composition of flora and fauna of adjacent territories are taking place. In this article, we consider the restoration of the biodiversity of a site of disturbed lands after the creation of one of the first large reservoirs in Europe – the Dnieper (Zaporozhe) on the River Dnieper, which has existed since 1933. The territory of the Samara floodplains was formed on the floodplain of the mouth of the Samara River, as a result of which the territories of various forest, meadow and bog biotopes were flooded. For almost 90 years, new biotopes have been developing, and populations of plant and animal species, especially waterfowl, have been renewed and enriched. In the conditions of climate change and anthropogenic pressure, the existence of this territory has fallen into question. To control the conservation of biodiversity, it is necessary to apply various management methods, one of which is creation of nature reserves. The article presents the results of a complex of scientific studies that were carried out during the zoning of the regional park Samara Plavni to improve the management of the protection of water areas and river banks. We have investigated: hydrological features, species diversity of the flora and coenotic diversity of the vegetation, fauna of aquatic invertebrates, and terrestrial vertebrates. Zoning of the Regional Landscape Park was based on the composition of stable components of ecosystems. When applying the protected regime in different zones, conditions will be created for the preservation of habitats of species, including those protected in Europe: higher plants (Senecio borysthenicus (DC.) Andrz. ex Czern., Tragopogon borystenicus Artemcz.), reptiles (Emys orbicularis (Linnaeus, 1758), Vipera renardi (Christoph, 1861)), birds (Aythya ferina (Linnaeus, 1758), Vanellus vanellus (Linnaeus, 1758), Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus, 1758, Numenius arquata (Linnaeus, 1758), Alcedo atthis (Linnaeus, 1758), Lanius excubitor (Linnaeus, 1758)), mammals (Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)). Such changes would increase the implementation of the reproductive potential of all species without exception in the studied ecosystems.

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BIODIVERZITET I DINAMIKA POPULACIJA VRSTA IZ PORODICE NYMPHALIDAE (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) TUZLE I OKOLINE

Author(s): Zerina Terzić,Merima Terzić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 8/2016

Considering the fact that butterflies are exceptionally diverse and significant swarm of insects, very little research is done in Tuzla and surrounding areas. So, the main aim of this research is to establish diversity, abundance as well as population dynamics of species of the family Nymphalidae. During the research which include period from May to October, 2012 we have obtained results that the family Nymphalidae is the most represented with 17 recorded species in Tuzla and surrounding areas. Maniola Jurtina isthe most represented species, whereas the other species like: Melitaea didyma, Apaturairis, Pararge aegeria, Lasiommata maera, Aphantopus hyperantus i Brintesia Circe are the least represented. So far as population dynamics of species of the family Nymphalidae is concerned, we have examined the density of population where are noticed remarkable fluctuations in different periods of spring and summer in 2012. So, taking into consideration the methods that have been used during the research, we can ascertain that they are the most important indicators of ecological state of an area and at the same time they represent the most interesting swarm of insects that can be examined in a certain area.

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Bioethical strategies in the context of bioart

Author(s): Kamil Gibas / Language(s): English Issue: 21 (28)/2019

The paper discusses topics such as bioart, in the perspective of a cultural phenomenon, present in contemporary Polish and world art. The space of contemporary art, which as a material of expression uses specialist knowledge in the field of bioengineering and tissue culture along with living material, has been a challenge for artists and analysts of art, culture, science and ethics for years. The activity of Eduardo Kac is recalled as well as the Polish bioartist, Karolina Żyniewicz. In her projects, the artist collaborates with scientists, building an interdisciplinary platform for the exchange of knowledge and experiences. These deliberations are supplemented with literature on bioethics: positions, opinions and other regulatory documents (The Committee for Bioethics PAS, the Council of Europe, CIOMS, UNESCO) in the context of non-medical and artistic activities. The paper is an attempt to find answers to questions about the way in which new bioethical regulations should be updated and formulated. What bioethical strategies should be taken in this historical moment of our time, where an artwork is both artistic and also strictly scientific?

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Biologia czy kultura mózgu. W poszukiwaniu uwarunkowań działalności edukacyjnej

Author(s): Renata Michalak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

An unusual flowering neuroscience is perceived in many scientific areas and education also. The scientific disciplines such as neuro-pedagogic, neuroteaching or neuroprogramming are trying to use the data of neuroscience in optimizing educational process for children, teenagers,and adults. Improving the functions of human brain and maintaining its cognitive capacity are very important and attractive activities for both researchers and practitioners of education, now. However, it will not be possible without a good knowledge of the basics and the determinants of development of brain. This article presents neurobiological and cultural context of programming of educational process.

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Biologiczne korzenie kultury w ujęciu Konrada Lorenza

Author(s): Tomasz Perz / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 2/2018

The article presents the views of Konrad Zacharias Lorenz, the ‘creator of ethology’, on the origins of culture. The key term is ‘fulguration’, which is the basic philosophical category of the author. This term depicts the nature of the process during which something that has not existed before comes into being (in standard English its meaning is different, from Latin fulgur, ‘lightning’). Accepting the evolutionary paradigm Lorenz reveals the phylogenetic sources of the coming into existence of that phenomenon in the history of organic emergence. He also defines the preliminary (requirements) that were indispensable for integrating the abilities resulting from phylogeny into a new quality: the human culture, liable for further phylogeny and new mechanisms of the development of the human spirit. The humanising process described in that way distinguishes between what is human and what is animal, and supplies instruments to discern what – in the structure of our behaviour – results from our biological heritage and what is subject to the cultural development. Lorenz treats culture as a living system and studies it with biological methods, showing the threats of human culture and proposes measures to prevent them.

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Biopower, Life Itself and Reproductive Biotechnologies. The Concept of Life and the Genomization of Society

Author(s): Eva Šlesingerová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the following chapter, the conceptual tools and analytical framework mentioned in the previous text – mainly biopolitics/ biopower and the idea of life itself – will be reflected. Our analysis of Czech reproductive medicine presupposes a more extensive understanding of the social forces and forms of power (governmentality) which are defining, governing, and naming human embodiment in society and politics. Therefore, the concepts will be analysed in connection with social processes, such as the post/genomization of society and broader biosocial changes in our biosocial societies.

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Bio-Scouring of Cotton using Protease and Pectinase from Bacillus subtilis Isolated from Market Waste

Author(s): Chidiebere Anab-Atulomah,Ejikeme Nwachukwu / Language(s): English Issue: 07/2021

The bio-scouring of cotton using protease and pectinase produced from Bacillus subtilis was investigated. Protease and pectinase were produced from Bacillus subtilis in a liquid medium using the submerged fermentation technique. Both enzymes were purified, and their scouring potential was tested on raw cotton fabrics. Pectinase was more effective than protease under optimised conditions. The optimum scouring temperature for both enzymes was between 40 °C and 50 °C, with pectinase bio-scoured fabric showing 15.5% weight loss while protease bio-scoured fabric had 14.3% weight loss. The optimum pH for pectinase scouring was pH 9 with 14.8% weight loss in the fabric, while the optimum pH for protease scoured fabric was pH 7 with 12.3% weight loss in fabric. After 120 minutes of bio-scouring, maximum weight loss was recorded for both pectinase and protease treated fabrics. The application of protease and pectinase for cotton fabric scouring revealed that they could be used as bio-scouring agents to treat textile materials.

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