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Bíkulturní zkušenost a její vliv na identitu mladých Vietnamců v České republice

Author(s): Mai Hoa Nguyenová,Jan Širůček / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Ačkoli jsou Vietnamci jednou z největších národnostních menšin u nás a druhá generace původních přistěhovalců již dospěla a začíná zakládat rodiny, skutečnost, že se jimi psychologická odborná literatura v Česku téměř nezabývá, může být stále opakována jako mantra. Přitom právě v případě druhé generace (těch, kteří se již v Česku narodili), respektive jedenapůlté generace Vietnamců (těch, kteří se sem s rodinou přistěhovali během dětství či dospívání) badatelům nemůže překážet jazyková bariéra. Tito mladí lidé totiž díky svému vyrůstání v českém prostředí zdatně ovládají nejen jazyk, ale také si osvojili mnoho znalostí, které s místním kulturním povědomím souvisí. Zároveň se však odmalička setkávají s kulturou, která s tou českou může stát v příkrém kontrastu — s kulturou vietnamskou, pocházející ze země mnoho tisíc kilometrů vzdálené. Jak lze tuto bikulturní zkušenost charakterizovat? A jak může ovlivnit formování identity těchto mladých lidí, kteří na prahu dospělosti přemítají nad podobnými otázkami jako jejich čeští vrstevníci — tedy kým jsou a kam patří? Těmito otázkami se kromě samotných Vietnamců zabývali rovněž autoři této kvalitativní studie, jež má vzhledem ke stavu psychologické odborné literatury v tuzemsku explorativní charakter a představuje příspěvek k možné diskusi nejen na téma mladých Vietnamců, ale také o životě a integraci cizinců v naší zemi obecně.

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Bioetika dhe interpretimet morale

Author(s): Dritan Dragusha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 20/2020

This article addresses diverse issues of bioethics, invoking many philosophers and scholars who have discussed the ethical problems of medical science, beginning with Francis Bacon and Francis Fukuyama. As euthanasia, genetics, organ transplants, reproduction and abortion are not merely medical problems but also ethical, different philosophers and thinkers have offered their opinions about them and these are reviewed in this paper.

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Biological specifics of exogenous development of Oxyuris equi nematodes (Nematoda, Oxyuridae)

Author(s): V. O. Yevstafieva,Y. О. Prykhodko,O. V. Kruchynenko,S. M. Mykhailiutenko,M. S. Kone / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Helminths of the species Oxyuris equi Schrank, 1788 are pathogens of domestic and wild odd-toed ungulates. They parasitize in the large intestine of horses, causing colitis and dermatitis at the tail root area. The wide distribution and overall persistence of this species is significally promoted by the specifics of its development and reproduction. Here we studied the specifics of the exogenous development of O. equi nematodes parasitizing Equidae in respect to the factor of temperature and the morphometric changes in oxyuris eggs at different stages of embryogenesis. In laboratory culture of O. equi eggs obtained from female gonads, the embryogenesis occurs in four stages: morula, formation of bean-like embryo, formation of non-invasive larva and formation of infectious larva. The stages of development differ by the morphological parameters. It is established that the development of O. equi eggs is directly related to temperature. The optimal temperature for embryogenesis is 25 °С, at which the highest survival rate of infectious eggs, 81.3%, was observed. At 20 °С and 15 °С the survival of eggs decreased during culturing and the ratios of infectious eggs were 75.7% and 67.3%, respectively. Accordingly, 24.3% and 32.7% of eggs died during development. The temperature also affects the duration of development of O. equi eggs. At 25 °С, the development of Oxyuris eggs was the fastest and occurred in two days. With temperature falling to 20 and 15 °С, the duration of egg development slowed to three and five days, respectively. The process of embryogenesis in Oxyuris is associated with changes in metrical parameters. The length, width and area of egg surface increased. Length and width of egg plug, and shell width of mature Oxyuris eggs decreased. The obtained data on the duration and specifics of exogenous development of parasitic O. equi nematodes will allow effective control measures for horse oxyurosis to be developed.

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Biometric trails of nonhuman environments. Medical imaging of plants’ bodies in bio-artistic projects

Author(s): Ewelina Twardoch-Raś / Language(s): English Issue: 21 (28)/2019

The aim of the article is to introduce the problem of plants’ representations in the contemporary artistic projects based on medical imaging. The author analyses the problem in the perspective of posthumanistic philosophy, especially in reference to the theories of animal studies (Wolfe, Bakoff, Waldau). She also introduces the concept of Michael Marder, who builds his argument around the question of whether people are the only ones who have political, social and ethical rights. The second part of the article concerns strategies and method of plants’ bodies parametrization used in the selected artistic project. The author presents a few of them to show how artists investigate the problem of identity, autonomy and agency of non-human beings, with special regard to plants. The projects are analyzed in reference to various theories of connections between human and non-human beings, as well as to biopolitics’ strategies.

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Biosemiotica Lausannensia: The 17th Gatherings in Biosemiotics Lausanne, Switzerland June 6 - June 10, 2017

Author(s): Ekaterina Velmezova / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

The idea to hold the 17th Gathering dedicated to Biosemiotics at the University of Lausanne in Switzerland was accepted by the biosemiotic community during the 16th Annual Biosemiotics Gathering in Prague in July 2016. I would like to acknowledge, first and foremost, that the organization of the 2017 conference became a great challenge for our Lausanne group. To begin with, until 2017 only I myself had participated in the annual Biosemiotics Gatherings and therefore had an idea about the general character of these conferences, both from the point of view of their academic content and their practical organization. Moreover, in 2016 there were still very few scholars in Lausanne who were aware of the very existence of biosemiotics as a discipline: this reality can be partly attributed to the fact that semiotics as such is not currently taught at the University of Lausanne as a distinct branch of knowledge. Amongst those of us who were aware of biosemiotics, there were no biologists: it was at the Faculty of Arts in the Department of Slavic and South Asian Studies (SLAS) that the 17th Gathering was to be organized. Finally, as far as I know, our little Slavic “half-department” (the “Slavic” making up only a part of the whole of the SLAS Department) had never organized any conferences of such scale - spanning over a full week and with several dozens of participants from so many countries and continents at once. It is no wonder, therefore, that even certain aspects of the practical organization of the event (including the creation of an event-specific website) raised questions from the onset.

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Biosferos virsmas į noosferą: nuo sinkretinės homo sąmonės iki žmogaus ir gamtos koevoliucijos

Author(s): Alla Korolyova / Language(s): English Issue: 108/2021

The article examines the process of transformation of the biosphere into the noosphere. This transformation is characterized by three evolutionary stages: anthropogenetic, anthropocentric (industrial and post-industrial) and anthropocosmic. The first stage reflects the biogenic stage of the subordination of nature. These transformations were associated with achievements of Homo sapiens predecessors and with the invention of the first tools of labour. The second stage is a technogenic one. It is quite distant in relation to the first stage. It goes back to the history of the creation of more advanced tools for all types of human activity and enters an active phase during the period of industrial civilisation. The anthropocentric stage occurs when the rapid growth of industrial production in the biosphere become irreversible. The third stage is a postindustrial one. Large-scale global changes in the biosphere happen under the influence of the intelligent activity of world civilisation. The leading role of this period belongs exclusively to the human mind. It is concluded that nowadays all the prerequisites for entry into noosphere are outlined. The main driving force should be the world idea of reasonable sufficiency, justice, and ascending humanism.

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Biosorption of heavy metals by marine algae Ulva rigida, Cystoseira barbata and C. crinita

Author(s): A. Simeonova,S. Petkova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2007

Adsorption properties of three different marine algae (Ulva rigida (green algae); Cystoseira barbata (brown algae) and Cystoseira crinita (brown algae)) were investigated. They were collected from the Black Sea coastal area in Varna region, Bulgaria. Kinetics were studied to evaluate the ability of the three algae to sequester Cu (II), Zn (II), Pb (II), Ni (II), Cd (II) from aqueous solution. The maximum biosorption capacity obtained was 2.84 mgeq Ni2+/g for Cystoseira crinita and 2.28 mgeq Cu2+/g for Cystoseira barbata at a solution pH of 5 ± 0.5. The influence of pH of the solution and algae mass on the heavy metal sorption was investigated either. Desorption using 0.05 M HNO3 was carried out and was determined that regeneration of biomass for use in multiple cycles of Cd (II) biosorption –desorption should be feasible.

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Biosphere as semiosphere: Variations on Lotman

Author(s): Anton Markoš / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2014

Th e analogy between semiosphere (world of cultures) and biosphere (world of life), coined by J. Lotman, is a courageous attempt to interconnect two seemingly incompatible worlds. In congruence with his view, I would like to convince the reader that the only possible general definition of life is “a system born, endowed with semiosis, with history”. Such a view requires considering biosphere and semiosphere as coextensive, which requires merging the cultural, scientific, historical, and linguistic approaches into a coherent whole.

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Birds from the Old East Slavic settlement “Igren 8” (12th–13th century AD; Ukraine)

Author(s): Leonid V. Gorobets,I. V. Matlaev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2014

The work presents the results of the analysis of a species diversity of the Old East Slavic settlement “Igren 8”(Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine). The settlement occupied the area of nearly 15 ha which was relatively large for this region. In Medieval period around the mouths of tributaries to the delta of the Dnieperdense forests were located, although the region is located in the south forest-steppe zone and the steppe zone. The majority of hunted birds belong to the group Anatidae (at least 72% of the minimum possible number of individuals). Poultry played the minor role in the diet of the residents of the medieval settlement “Igren 8”. We have drawn the conclusion about birds from “Igren 8”inhabiting water with thickets of the hygrophyte vegetation on the periphery. Nowadays, there are many embryophytes such as Phragmites australis, Typha spp., Glyceria maxima, Acorus calamus and others in these places. Hygrophytes covering of reservoirs is typically less than 20%.

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BOLILE PROFESIONALE ALE CÂNTĂREȚILOR DE OPERĂ

Author(s): Adrian Boba / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Cântăreții, ca şi orice altă categorie profesională, pot prezenta afecțiuni specifice, legate de locul de muncă şi modul de viață. Bolile specifice cântăreților includ afecțiuni vocale, afecțiuni respiratorii şi scăderea de auz de tip trauma sonoră. O parte din aceste afecțiuni sunt menționate în legislația actuală de medicina muncii, ca fiind boli profesionale cu declarare obligatorie. Persoanele care se folosesc de vocea lor în profesie suferă adesea de dureri în gât, iar uneori își pot pierde și vocea. Tratamentul poate fi, în cazul unei infecții cu bacterii, administrarea de antibiotice, un antrenament de vorbire în caz de utilizare greșită a vocii sau o procedură operativă în cazul afecțiunilor polipilor vocali.Pentru a monitoriza starea aparatului vocal, este necesar să se efectueze periodic examinări fonice; fiecare cântăreț ar trebui să cunoască regulile de bază ale igienei.

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Cesty do dospělosti: Psychologické a sociální charakteristiky dnešních dvacátníků

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

In the course of last five years, a team of psychologists from the Institute for Children, Youth and Family Research at the Faculty of Social Studies has observed a sample of over thousand people born in 1990-1994. If you are interested how these young adults think about themselves and about the world, where and with whom they live and what relations they have, you may find the answers here. The book is thematically complex and offers a probe into novel social-psychological phenomena, such as the identity of young Vietnamese adults in Czechia or the phenomenon of “friendship with benefits”.

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Cesty k nezávislosti: Jak se vyvíjí autonomie s identitou

Author(s): Stanislav Ježek,Petr Macek,Ondřej Bouša / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Dospělost je v mnoha ohledech spjata se schopností samostatně se rozhodovat, spolehnout se na sebe a svůj úsudek, s přijetím zodpovědnosti za své chování, rozhodnutí, postoje a přesvědčení. Trochu nadneseně řečeno, být dospělý znamená přijmout autorství vlastních činů, činit důležitá rozhodnutí, z nichž některá mají celoživotní dopad, a přijímat zodpovědnosti a závazky, které z nich vyplývají. Z jiného úhlu pohledu to také znamená uvažovat o sobě samém a o svém životě v dlouhodobější perspektivě, mít své osobní plány a cíle — co považuji ve svém životě za důležité a k čemu chci směřovat. Z pohledu vývojové psychologie se tu propojují dvě ústřední témata (či vývojové úkoly), které vstup do dospělosti definují: téma autonomie a identity.

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Change in the state of an exploited fish population: From individual indicators to integral assessment

Author(s): E. I. Boznak,V. G. Tereshchenko,A. B. Zakharov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

We adapted the approach used for the integral assessment of the status of ecosystems in order to assess population status. Classic theoretical concepts of fish population dynamics are the basis of this approach. The convolution of information about changes in several structural and functional characteristics into one integral index was performed using the analytical function of desirability. The index varied 0 to 1 and quantitatively characterizes the state of the population. This approach was tested on the example of the European grayling Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758), inhabiting the Vym River (basin of the Northern Dvina River, North of the European part of Russia). The materials were collected during the environmental monitoring carried out by the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB FRC Komi SC UB RAS) in 2002, 2005–2019. The population parameters used in the calculations (relative abundance; average and maximum age of fish; the proportion of matured individuals in the 4+ age group; average specific growth rate of fish at the age of 6+; body weight of fish in the age group 6+) were characterized on the basis of the control net catches. Compared with the period 2005–2006, the value of the integral index in 2015–2018 decreased by almost two times. This indicates deterioration in the condition of the grayling group in the study area. There were no serious disturbances in the fish habitat in this area. The main hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators have not changed significantly. The main reason for the observed changes is likely the significant increase in the impact of recreational anglers. The proposed integral index may be useful both for assessing the state of fish populations and for developing measures for the rational management of fish stocks.

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Changes in the viability of the eggs of Ascaris suum under the influence of flavourings and source materials approved for use in and on foods

Author(s): V. V. Brygadyrenko,A. A. Boyko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

One of the most common parasitic diseases of pigs globally is ascariasis. It is caused by the nematode Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 (Nematoda, Ascaridata), which parasitises the small intestine of pigs in its mature form and the respiratory system at the larval stage. This helminthiasis causes immense damage to swine-rearing. Control of the ascariasis pathogen in the host’s organism and in the environment is essential for the health of the animals and successful swine rearing. The results of studying the effect of flavourings and source materials approved for use in and on foods – cinnamaldehyde (0656 Codex Alimentarius), benzoic acid (Е210 Codex Alimentarius) and methylparaben (Е218 Codex Alimentarius) on the viability of invasive eggs of A. suum are useful for determining the minimum concentration of solution of these substances for use against eggs of A. suum (10 g/l). The lowest efficiency against invasive eggs of A. suum was obtained for methylparaben (LD50 = 3850 ± 2130 mg/l), the highest was obtained with cinnamaldehyde (LD50 = 2437 ± 864 mg/l), and benzoic acid (LD50 = 1240 ± 680 mg/l).

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Characteristics of action of nitrosoalkylureas on cell level in winter wheat

Author(s): M. M. Nazarenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Here we report the cytogenetic characteristics of variability of mutation induction in new wheat varieties and some relationships between the means of the cytogenetic characteristics and different doses and types of mutagens. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations caused by mutagenic action of any kind of mutagen by the meto-anaphase method is one of the best known and most precise methods which we can use for determining the fact of mutagenic action on plants, and identifying the nature of the mutagenic factor. The strategy of investigation combined the identification of genotypes with a specific low-sensitivity to mutagenic factors using cytological analysis screening of mutagen treated wheat populations with the approach of comparing different varieties by breeding methods to reveal their connections and differences, specific sensitivity to mutagenic effects on the cell level. Dry seeds of 8 varieties of winter wheat were treated by nitrosomethilurea at concentrations 0.0125%, 0.0250%, and nitrosoethilurea 0.010%, 0.025%, which are normal levels for mutagenic selection of winter wheat mutation. The frequency and spectra of chromosomal aberrations were investigated. The overall correlations between the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and the value of a concentration were at the level 0.7–0.8. It was established that the fragments-bridges ratio is a reliable parameter for identifying the nature of mutagen. We identified genotypes and groups of genotypes which have a resistance to different types of mutagenic action. The resistance of a group is dependant on the breeding method of the variety initially obtained. It expressed as a decrease in the frequency of aberrations. Varieties obtained through chemical mutagenesis were less sensitive to the same chemical mutagens. Higher rates of chromosomal aberrations were typical for varieties obtained through field hybridization without any mutagen treatment or when the initial material was changed by low temperatures.

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Charles Goodwin’s Biosemiotic Vision

Author(s): Jesper Hoffmeyer / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2018

I have had the good fortune to meet Chuck Goodwin several times. First at UCLA on the invitation of Don Favareau in 2002, and later again when he presented a wonderful paper entitled “The multi-modal organization of human action” at the Seventh Annual International Biosemiotics Conference in Groningen, Netherlands in 2007. Although trained as a biochemist, for me it has always been a pleasure to listen to Chuck’s thinking. It is not only fascinating in itself, and a good corrective to the general bio-dominance of our conference discussions, but it has also most of the time been very close to my own thinking, as I hope to show in this little essay.

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Chemical composition of essential oil and antimicrobial properties of Chrysantemum Coronarium (Asteraceae)

Author(s): I. V. Ivashchenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.), or edible chrysanthemum, is a valuable food, medicinal, decorative plant, containing a considerable amount of biologically active substances. The herb is widely used as a dietary food in South-East Asia, whereas in spite of being spread throughout Ukraine, it is known there rather as a decorative than a vegetable plant. Introductory studies of C. coronarium were conducted on experimental plots at the Botanical Gardens of Zhytomyr National Agroecological University, which is located in Ukrainian Polesia. Chromatographic analysis of the essential oil composition was performed on the gas-liquid chromatographer Agilent Technologies 6890 with mass spectrometric detector 5973. The material for chromatographic studies was represented by C. coronarium inflorescences. The antimicrobial properties of the ethanolic extract from the areal parts of C. coronarium were studied on test-cultures, collected from the Ukrainian Collection of Microorganisms (UCM, Institute of Microbiology and Virology of NAS Ukraine), the test-cultures being: Escherichia coli UCM B-906 (ATCC 25922), Staphilococcus aureus UCM B-904 (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCM B-900 (ATCC 9027), Candida albicans UCM Y-1918 (ATCC 885-653). The antimicrobial effect of the investigated substances was studied by the method of serial successive dilutions which determined minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). This article shows the results of chromatographic analysis of essential oil obtained from C. coronarium inflorescences and focuses on antimicrobial activity of the herb against the test cultures of the following microorganisms: E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans. In the essential oil 26 compounds have been determined, 23 of which have been identified, the major components being: chrysanthemyl acetate (24.4%), chrysanthemol (21.8%), chrysanthenyl acetate (7.6%), camphor (7.3%), β-farnesene (5.9%), α-bisabolol (5.6%). C. coronarium ethanolic extract showed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive strains of S. aureus. In comparison with the solvent, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) increased 4 and 2 times, respectively. We have observed only fungistatic activity against the fungus C. albicans – MBC values showed a twofold increase compared with the solvent. Inhibitory, bactericidal/fungicidal properties of the extract against gram-negative strains of E. coli and P. aeruginosa have not been detected. The experimental data prove that there is a good perspective for further study and application of C. coronarium in pharmacy and the food industry.

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Chlorella sphaerica та її місце у системі роду diplosphaera (chlorophyta, trebouxiophyceae)

Author(s): V. M. Karbovska,I. Y. Kostikov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

Morophological and molecular genetic analyses of green alga Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess (authentic strain), which represents the taxonomically critical species, the phenotypic similarity and phylogenetic close relation with the genus Diplosphaera Bialosuknia were found but the significant difference from the genus Chlorella Bejerink was demonstrated. Discovery of new morphological features (presence of vegetative division, the ability to dyads and packages forming, as well as external mucous structures) indicates the position of Ch. sphaerica within the genus Diplosphaera. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of non-coding regions (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of nuclear-encoding ribosomal gene cluster confirms this conclusion. Based on these data the new nomenclature combination is suggested: Diplosphaera sphaerica (Tschermak-Woess) Karbovska et Kostikov, comb. nova (basionym: Chlorella sphaerica Tschermak-Woess).

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Choroby uroginekologiczne – poważny problem społeczny

Author(s): Paweł Szymanowski,Anna Gierat,Hanna Szweda,Marcin Jóźwik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2017

Urogynecology is a field of medicine that includes pelvic floor pathologies such as urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. In the age of society aging, the incidence of this type of illness increases, classifying them as social diseases. Bothersome symptoms affect negatively the daily lives of patients as individuals and their functioning in families and in society. They severely reduce the quality of life, and can be the source of further disorders such as depression or sexual dysfunction. Because of the sense of shame and embarrassment associated with ailments, and limited knowledge – also in the medical world – many years pass till the beginning of the treatment. Most pelvic floor diseases can be treated effectively, and therapy should be interdisciplinary and personalized. The paper presents an overview of urogynecological diseases and possible methods of treatment.

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18.60 €

Chování související se zdravím: determinanty, modely a konsekvence

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

The monograph summarizes the main outputs of the research project “Health-promoting and Health-threatening Behavior: Determinants, Models, and Consequences”. It integrates five studies divided into individual chapters on the issue of health-related behavior and its relation to personality, constructs of optimism and pessimism, hope, ontogeny, and neuropsychological phenomena. The presented conclusions contribute not only to a deeper theoretical understanding of the examined relations, but also to practical support of readers’ self-regulation mechanisms, which consequently help them to take better care of their own health. The publication is intended for the professional public, thematically addresses primarily professionals and students in psychology, health, education and other social sciences, which deal with issues closely related to human health problems.

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